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9 results for “Overtopping”
Low overtopping discharges over sea walls and breakwaters
<p>The design of seawalls and breakwaters is often required to achieve very low target overtopping discharges when these structures protect vulnerable infrastructure or activities. The balance between economically viable protection and performance requirements is often difficult to achieve without good knowledge on low overtopping. The paucity of data in this space and the higher uncertainty associated with existing methods, increases the challenge. The occurrence of low number of overtopping waves has the consequence that any test results are substantially more affected by the inherent variation of random waves, therefore more uncertain. Within the multi-institute project RECIPE under the HYDRALAB+ project, experimental studies for RECIPE Task 8.2 have generated new data on the response of seawalls, breakwaters and related coastal structures with the aim of improving future model testing. Tests by HRW have explored wave overtopping with contributions of data from UPORTO and LNEC. These physical model test results explore these issues and provide example data. The tests were successful in obtaining low to very low overtopping discharge test data. For low / very low overtopping discharges, these test data present considerable scatter relative to the latest empirical prediction. A number of repetitions were performed for wave conditions resulting in very low overtopping discharges, which illustrated the inherent uncertainty associated with low overtopping.</p>
WALOWA (WAve LOads on WAlls) - Large-scale Experiments in the Delta Flume on Overtopping Wave Loads on Vertical Walls
<p>Coasts of low lying countries are often comprised of a gentle foreshore and shallow waters, followed by a dike and a promenade. At the end of the promenade buildings or storm walls are constructed. This setting makes it possible for waves to overtop the dike and impact on the storm wall or building. Especially during storm season the overtopping waves induce large loads on these structures. New scenarios for climate change and sea level rise make it worthwhile to invest in research regarding overtopping wave loads.</p> <p>Within the European project 'Wave Loads on Walls' (WaLoWa) model tests in the Delta flume (The Netherlands) were conducted. It is the aim to study overtopping wave loads on storm walls and buildings. The project is coordinated by Ghent University (Belgium), in cooperation with TU Delft (The Netherlands), RWTH Aachen (Germany), University of Bari, University of L'Aquila, University of Calabria and University of Florence (Italy) and Flanders Hydraulics Research (Belgium). The project is financed by a grant by Hydralab+ in the framework of the EC Horizon 2020 program.</p> <p>A model geometry comprised of a sandy beach, a sloping dike, promenade and wall structure was built into the Delta flume. The beach alone consists of 1000m³ sand material and was an essential part of the structure, to obtain the broken wave conditions similar to reality. Waves representing a storm with a 1000 year return period and an additional water level to account for sea level rise result in the tested superstorm conditions.</p> <p>Measurements of the water surface elevation were taken close to the paddle, along the mildly sloping foreshore and at the dike toe location by resistance type wave gauges mounted to the flume side wall. The bathymetry of the sandy foreshore was measured by a mechanical profiler before and after the test. The overtopping flow properties thickness and velocity were measured by resistance type wave gauges, ultra-sonic distance sensors, paddle wheels and an electro-magnetic current meter installed along the promenade. Finally, the impact forces and pressures on the wall were measured by compression load cells and pressure sensors respectively. The data-set was complemented by a number of synoptic measurements, such as laser scan profiles, GoPro images, High-speed camera images, Digital camera images. Due to its large storage size, these data are provided on request.</p>
Hydraulic scale model experiments on the two-dimensional run-up and overtopping of solitary waves at a vertical wall and a dam-like structure
<p>This dataset includes the experimental data, which were generated during the study on the run-up and overtopping of solitary waves at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich.</p>
Data Storage Report. RODBreak - Wave run-up, overtopping and damage in rubble-mound breakwaters under oblique extreme wave conditions due to climate change scenarios
<p>Wave breaking / run-up / overtopping and their impact on the stability of rubble-mound breakwaters (both at trunk and roundhead) are not adequately characterized yet for climate change scenarios. The same happens with the influence of high-incidence angles on such phenomena.</p> <p>To study these phenomena a stretch of a rubble-mound breakwater (head and part of the adjoining trunk, with a slope of 1(V):2(H)) was built in the wave basin of the LUH, The trunk of the breakwater was 7.5 m long and the head had the same cross section as the exposed part of breakwater. The model was 9.0 m long, 0.82 m high and 3.0 m wide. The angle between the longitudinal axis of the breakwater and the tank wall was 70º. Two types of armour elements (rock and Antifer cubes) were tested.</p> <p>60 tests were carried out in this experiment to assess, under extreme wave conditions (wave steepness of 0.055) with different incidence wave angles (from 40º to 90º), the structure behaviour in what concerns wave run-up, wave overtopping and damage progression of the armour layer.</p> <p>The report describes the data collected in those tests as well as how such data is stored.</p>
Mechanisms of the Non-uniform Breach Morphology Evolution of Landslide Dams Composed of Unconsolidated Sediments During Overtopping Failure
<p>Data that can be used to replicate and validate the results presented here are available through the upload file.</p> <p>Data access will be available upon request prior to official publication of this work.</p>
Supporting dataset for: "Floodplain Backwater Effect on Overtopping Induced Fluvial Dike Failure" (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR022492)
<p>Supporting data for:</p> <p>Rifai, I., El Kadi Abderrezzak, K., Erpicum, S., Archambeau, P., Violeau, D., Pirotton, M., & Dewals, B. (2018). Floodplain backwater effect on overtopping induced fluvial dike failure. Water Resources Research, 54. DOI:10.1029/2017WR022492.</p> <p> </p> <p>Included in this repository the data used in:</p> <p> - Figure 2 : Longitudinal profiles at dike crest for Tests 3 and 14<br> - Figure 3 : Elevations of 3D reconstructions of dike breaching for Tests 2, 5, and 14<br> - Figure 4 : Selected longitudinal profiles of Tests 14, 2, 3, and 5<br> - Figure 5 : Time series of water levels, breach discharges, breach widths, and channel Froude numbers for Tests 14, 1, 2, 4, and 5<br> - Figure 6 : Elevations of final 3D reconstructions of dikes for Tests 14, 1, 2, 4, and 5<br> - Figure 7 : Time series of the breach widening and deepening.</p>
Overtopping events in breakwaters under climate change scenarios [Dataset]. Zenodo
<p>Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.</p> <p>Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.</p> <p>The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.</p>
Impact of dam height and grain size distribution on breaching of non-cohesive dams due to overtopping
<div> <p>The National Inventory of Dams reports 74,400 earthen dams in the United States in 2021; of these dams, approximately 27% are considered at high or significant hazard risk, that is dam failure will cause widespread damage and loss of lives. The most frequent cause of dam failure is breaching caused by overtopping. Accurate predictions of breach evolution are thus crucial to determine flood hydrographs for the safety of communities and properties at risk. Laboratory experiments were conducted on non-cohesive, compacted embankments to understand the role of dam height and sediment grain size on breaching caused by overtopping. Dam heights varied from 10 cm to 45 cm. Model structures were built with fine sand or with a mixture of fine sand and silt. Experiments showed that increasing dam height increases peak discharge. The presence of silt in model embankment material, on the contrary, lowers peak discharge and makes failure longer. In sand dams, sediment deposition on the downstream face becomes important as dam height increases. This deposition reduces incision rate of the breach channel, delaying time to peak and rapid channel widening. In all embankments, breach evolution was gradual until erosion of the breach channel reached the reservoir. Throughout the experiment, bank failure caused gradual widening of the breach channel. In presence of silt, no sediment deposition occurred on the downstream face, and time to peak increased with dam height because upstream migrating erosional waves formed in the breach channel, and the time for these waves to reach the reservoir increased with dam height. Breach channel widening associated with bank failure is practically non-existent until peak discharge is reached, then sudden widening caused by major failures occurs. Overall, breach width decreases with an increase in silt content.</p> </div>
Impact of dam height and grain size distribution on breaching of non-cohesive dams due to overtopping
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