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Figs 2A, B in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology

Figs 2A, B. Line drawings of protagol stained cells of Architricha indica during early stages of reorganization. A, B – ventral views, showing the formation of the oral primordium, I–V anlagen for the frontal-ventral-transverse cirri, and appearance of undulating membranes anlage, arrowheads in (B) indicate anlagen of dorsal kineties. FC – frontal cirri, FVC – frontal ventral cirri, I–V – frontoventraltransverse cirral anlagen I–V, OP – oral primordium, PVC – postoral ventral cirri, UMA – undulating membranes anlage. Scale bar: 50 μm.

Figs 3A–F in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology

Figs 3A–F. Photomicrographs of protagol stained cells of Architricha indica during regenerative (A–C) and morphogenetic stages (D–F). A, B – ventral (A) and detailed dorsal (B) view of cell during early stage of reorganization, showing the formation of oral primordium (OP), the frontoventral-transverse cirral (FVT) anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads); C – anterior part of ventral side of another regenerating cell, showing the anlage V arose from the cirrus IV/2 (arrowhead); D – ventral view, showing the six streaks of FVT anlagen; E, F – ventral (E) and dorsal (F) detailed view, showing the FVT anlagen dividing into fragments, the dedifferentiation of parental undulating membranes and the origin of multiple marginal rows in (E) and showing the anlagen for dorsal kineties in (F), arrowheads showing the new frontal cirri that came from the undulating membranes anlage. DKA – dorsal kinety anlagen, FVTA – frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, I–V – FVT I to V, LMA – left marginal row anlagen, OP – oral primordium, RMA – right marginal anlagen, UMA – undulating membranes anlage. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 6 in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology

Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of Architricha indica and Pleurotricha curdsi (bold). Newly sequenced species are marked by arrows. Nodal support for branches in the ML and BI trees are marked in order. "*" indicates bootstrap value disagreement between the ML tree and the reference BI tree at a given node. Black circles indicate full support in all analyses. Bar, 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Parabirojimia similis and Parabirojimia multinucleata are the out group taxa.

Figs 5A–N in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology

Figs 5A–N. Photomicrographs of Pleurotricha curdsi from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–N). A – a typical individual showing body shape and color; B, C – ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view, showing the food granules (arrowheads), arrow in (B) indicates the cytostome, arrow in (C) marks the collar part of adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) on the dorsal side; D – anterior part, to show the AZM; E – anterior part of dorsal side, to show the AZM in the back collar (arrowhead); F – posterior portion, to show the tapered posterior end (arrow); G – showing the contractile vacuole (arrow) and cilia of dorsal kinety (arrowhead); H – ventral view to show the single left marginal and two right marginal cirri rows; I – to show the cirri in frontal area, noting this specimen owning five frontal ventral cirri and three frontal cirri; J – postoral ventral cirri and pretransverse and cirri; K – transverse cirri; L – caudal cirri (arrowheads); M – anterior part of dorsal kineties; N – macronuclei and micronuclei (arrowheads). BC – buccal cirrus, FC – frontal cirri, FVC – frontal ventral cirri, LMR – left marginal row, Ma – macronucleus, PTVC – pretransverse ventral cirri, PVC – postoral ventral cirri, RMR 1, 2 – right marginal row 1 and 2, TC – transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on SSU rDNA sequences showing the position of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. using GTR + I + G as nucleotide substitution model. The new sequence from the present study is indicated by bold font (arrow). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap values from ML and the posterior probabilities from BI. Accession numbers are provided after species names. Clades representing different orders of the subclass stichotrichia are shaded. "–" at the nodes indicate disagreement between the two methods. The scale bar corresponds to 0.01 expected substitutions per site.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 5. Line diagrams and photomicrographs of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. showing morphogenetic stages on the dorsal surface after protargol impregnation. A, C – within row dorsal primordia formation for proter and opisthe with posterior thickening to form caudal cirri (arrows); B, D – unequal split of the third dorsal primordia (arrows); caudal cirri formed in 2 + 2 + 3 pattern (double arrows) at the ends of DK for proter and opisthe. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs showing morphogenetic stages on ventral surface of protargol impregnated cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A, B – de novo origin of OP (arrowheads); C – POVC (arrowheads) not contributing to OP; D – dissagregation of V/4 and V/3 (arrowhead), movement of kinetosomes from OP to anterior region of the cell (arrow); E – elongation of two primary primordia (arrowhead), kinetosomes moved from OP to contribute in the formation of IIp (arrow); F – splitting of primary primordia (arrowhead), composite origin of IIp from OP and cirrus II/2 (arrow); G – primordia Vp and VIp (arrowhead) formed from splitting of primary primordia; H – full complement of 6 FVT primordia (arrowheads); I – differentiation of new FVT cirri (arrowhead); J – newly formed DMs on the ventral surface (arrowhead); K – cell in cytokinesis. OP – oral primordium. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 3. Line diagrams showing morphogenetic stages on ventral surface of protargol impregnated cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A, B – origin of OP apokinetally between the LMC and POVC for the opisthe; C – reorganization of parental UM (arrow), disaggregation of II/2 (arrowhead), III/2 (double arrowhead) and V/4 (double arrow) to form primordia IIp, IIIp and Vo respectively, kinetosomes from OP form primordia Io and IIo; D – dissagregation of IV/3 to form primordium IVp (arrow); kinetosomes from OP move anteriorly (arrowhead); the two primary primordia, one each formed from disaggregation of V/4 and V/3 split transversely (double arrow) to form primordia V and VI for proter and opisthe; E – full complement of 6 FVT primordia Ip to VIp (arrowhead) and Io to VIo (double arrowhead); F – within-row marginal primordia formation for RMC (arrowheads) and LMC (double arrowheads); G – differentiation of cirri in 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4 pattern; H – late divider showing formation of new dorsomarginals (arrowheads) close to newly formed RMC. LMC – left marginal cirri; OP – oral primordium. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 2. Line diagrams showing protargol impregnated vegetative cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A – ventral surface; B – dorsal surface. AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK1–4 – dorsal kineties, DM1, 2 – dorsomarginals, EM – endoral membrane, LMC – left marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, RMC – right marginal cirri, II/2 – buccal cirri, I/1, II/3, III/3 – frontal cirri, VI/4, VI/3, IV/3, III/2 – frontoventral cirri, – IV/2, V/4, V/3 – postoral ventral cirri, V/2 and VI/2 – pretransverse ventral cirri, II/1, III/1, IV/1, V/1, VI/1 – transverse cirri. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of live (A, B, E, F, G, H, J, K), protargol impregnated (C, D, I, L, M) and Feulgen stained (N) cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A, B – cells in ventral view; C – ventral view of a vegetative cell with 5 transverse cirri arranged in a pseudo row (arrow); D – dorsal view of a vegetative cell; E – ventral view to show the arrangement of cortical granules (arrowheads) and colou- ration; F, G and H – ventral view of different cells showing flexible body; I – anterior portion of the dorsal surface showing dorsal rows (arrowhead); J – anterior portion of the cell showing contractile vacuole (arrowhead); K – cyst; L – anterior hook (arrowhead) of paroral membrane; M – dorsal view showing caudal cirri (2 + 2 + 3) (arrowheads); N – two macronuclei. AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, LMC – left marginal cirri, RMC – right marginal cirri. Scale bars: 20 µm.

Fig. 8 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 8. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree inferred from 18S rDNA sequences of Oxytrichidae ciliates. The phylogenetic trees show the position of three soil ciliates of Oxytricha lithofera (arrow), Pleurotricha curdsi (arrowhead) and Sterkiella tetracirrata (double-arrowhead). New sequences are shown in bold text. Numbers at nodes indicate the bootstrap values of ML and the posterior probability of BI. Nodes designated by an asterisk (*) correspond to the supports not recovered in the estimated BI tree. The scale bar corresponds to two substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.

Fig. 7 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 7. Morphology of Sterkiella tetracirrata from live (A-D) and protargol-impregnated (E, F) specimens. A, B, Ventral view of typical specimen live arrow denotes contractile vacuole (arrow); C, Ventral view of typical specimen; D, Ventral view showing macronuclear nodules (arrow) and micronuclei (arrowhead); E, F, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; Scale bars: 50 μm (C, E, F).

Fig. 6 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 6. Morphology of Sterkiella tetracirrata from live (A) and protargol-impregnated (B, C) specimens. A, Ventral view of typical specimen; B, C, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; CC, caudal cirri; DM, dorsomarginal row; E, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal cirral row; PTC, pretransverse cirri; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; 1-4, dorsal kineties 1-4; Scale bars: 50 μm (A-C).

Fig. 5 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 5. Morphology of Pleurotricha curdsi from protargol-impregnated (A-D) specimens. A, B, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; C, Ventral view showing macronuclear nodules (arrow) and micronuclei (arrowhead); D, Ventral view of posterior end; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; E, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal cirral row; P, paroral membrane; PTC, pretransverse cirri; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; Scale bars: 50 μm (A), 10 μm (C).

Fig. 3 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 3. Morphology of Pleurotricha curdsi from live (A) and protargol-impregnated (B, C) specimens. A, Ventral view of typical specimen live arrow denotes contractile vacuole (arrow); B, C, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; CC, caudal cirri; DM, dorsomarginal row; DK, dorsal kinety; E, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; LMR, left marginal cirral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; P, paroral membrane; PTC, pretransverse cirri; PVC, postoral ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; 1-4, dorsal kineties 1-4; Scale bars: 50 μm (A-C).

Fig. 4 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Pleurotricha curdsi from live (A-G). A, B, Ventral view arrow denotes contractile vacuole; C, Ventral view from live; D, Dorsal view showing cytoplasm; E, Dorsal views of arrow mark the tapered posterior end; F, G, Extension of the contractile vacuole.; Scale bars: 50 μm (A-D).

Fig. 2 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of Oxytricha lithofera from live (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (C, D). A, Ventral view showing lithosomes (arrows) and contractile vacuole (arrowhead); B, Dorsal view showing dorsal bristles and cortical granules; C, D, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; Scale bars: 50 μm (A-D).

Fig. 1 in New record of three oxytrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea

Fig. 1. Morphology of Oxytricha lithofera from live (A) and protargol-impregnated (B, C) specimens. A, Ventral view arrowheads denote lithosomes; B, C, Ventral and dorsal view of typical specimen; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; E, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal cirral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; P, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; 1-6, dorsal kineties 1-6; Scale bars: 50 μm (A, C).

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Fig. 1. Cyrtohymena australis Foissner, 1995 in Morphological redescriptions of three Cyrtohymena ciliates (Ciliophora: Sporadotrichida: Oxytrichidae) new to Korea

Fig. 1. Cyrtohymena australis Foissner, 1995 from live (A, D, E, F) and protargol-impregnated specimens (B, C, G). A, D. Ventral view of a typical individual. B, G. Ventral view of general infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. C. Showing dorsal kineties and caudal cirri. E. Flexible body. F. Cortical granules on dorsal side. Scale bar=100 µm.