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9 results for “Oyster aquaculture”
Data from: Oyster aquaculture impacts Zostera marina epibiont community composition in Akkeshi-ko estuary, Japan
Coastal fisheries are in decline worldwide, and aquaculture has become an increasingly popular way to meet seafood demand. While finfish aquaculture can have substantial adverse effects on coastal ecosystems due mostly to necessary feed inputs, bivalves graze on natural phytoplankton and are often considered for their positive ecosystem services. We conducted two independent studies to investigate the effects of long-line Crassostrea gigas oyster aquaculture on Zostera marina seagrass beds and associated epibiont communities in Akkeshi-ko estuary, Japan. Results from both studies yielded no evidence of an effect of oyster aquaculture on the morphology, density, or biomass of Z. marina, but significant differences were apparent in the epibiont community. Reference seagrass beds located away from aquaculture had higher seagrass epiphyte loads and higher abundances of amphipods. Conversely, seagrass beds below aquaculture lines had higher sessile polychaete biomass and higher isopod abundances. Our results suggest that the presence of oyster aquaculture may have indirect effects on seagrass by changing epibiont community composition and relative abundances of species. One proposed mechanism is that cultured oysters feed on epiphytic diatoms and epiphyte propagules before they can settle on the seagrass, which reduces epiphyte loads and influences subsequent faunal settlement. If carefully implemented and monitored, long-line oyster aquaculture may be a sustainable option to consider as bivalve aquaculture expands to meet global seafood demand, but further work is needed to fully assess and generalize the community-level effects on seagrass epibionts.
Genetic parentage reconstruction as a practical tool applied to aquaculture and restoration programs for the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis
<p>Preserving and maximizing genetic diversity in conservation programs, including for restocking, are of high importance. The threatened European flat oyster (<em>Ostrea edulis</em>) is currently the subject of several applied conservation and restocking programs, but concerns have been raised over potential negative side effects of these programs, for example due to our limited knowledge about the genetic effects in natural populations of releasing offspring of hatchery origin. Here, we developed a cost-effective, easily applicable and highly reliable method to assess the genetic diversity and parental contributions in flat oyster hatchery production based on analyses of 17 microsatellite loci. We analyzed broodstock and hatchery-produced spat (total n = 289) and compared diversity to that in wild samples of adults and spat from the broodstock source in the Limfjorden (total n = 190). Based on four hatchery tank experiments, we found that five swarming events (larval releases) were characterized by a single maternal and multiple paternal contributions, and that the number of contributing parents varied greatly both among individual tanks, and between swarming events within tank. On average, the effective number of breeders was only one third of the actual broodstock size. Although the broodstock exhibited high genetic variation, the high reproductive skew resulted in produced seed representing only a relatively small subset of this variation. The work demonstrates potential impact of hatchery reared offspring on decreasing genetic diversity in wild populations, but also that genetic monitoring can be integrated in conservation programs to minimize negative effects on restoration and supplementary restocking programs that utilize hatchery reared spats to support natural populations.</p>
Data for: Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture with sugar kelp and oysters in a shallow coastal salt pond and open estuary site
<p>The data set includes environmental data as well as kelp and oyster data from an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture study where sugar kelp was planted on four established oyster farms in Rhode Island, USA over 2 growing seasons (Year 1 = 2017-2018; Year 2 = 2018-2019). At each site, we planted to 60 m kelp lines (denoted as Line 1 and Line 2) approximately three weeks apart to determine optimal planting time. Kelp blade length and width was recorded at periodic intervals, and tissues were collected for carbon, nitrogen, δ15N, and δ13C analyses. Oyster growth data was collected from the same sites across the same timespans. Environmental data includes data collected on monthly farm visits with a YSI Sonde, as well as dissolved nutrients in the seawater. In addition, temperatures were logged on kelp lines every 15 minutes during each growing season.</p>
Data for: Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture with sugar kelp and oysters in a shallow coastal salt pond and open estuary site
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Data from: Oyster aquaculture impacts Zostera marina epibiont community composition in Akkeshi-ko estuary, Japan
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Data from: Genetic evidence for the uncoupling of local aquaculture activities and a population of an invasive species – a case study of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)
Human-mediated introduction of non-native species into coastal areas via aquaculture is one of the main pathways that can lead to biological invasions. To develop strategies to counteract invasions it is critical to determine whether populations establishing in the wild are self-sustaining or based on repeated introductions. Invasions by the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) have been associated with the growing oyster aquaculture industry worldwide. In this study, temporal genetic variability of farmed and wild oysters from the largest enclosed bay in Ireland was assessed to reconstruct the recent biological history of the feral populations using seven anonymous and seven microsatellites linked to expressed sequence tags (ESTs). There was no evidence of EST-linked markers showing footprints of selection. Allelic richness was higher in feral than in aquaculture samples (p=0.003, paired t-test). Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) due to heterozygote deficiencies were detected for almost all loci and samples, most likely explained by the presence of null-alleles. Relatively high genetic differentiation was found between aquaculture and feral oysters (largest pairwise multilocus FST 0.074, p < 0.01) and between year classes of oysters from aquaculture (largest pairwise multilocus FST 0.073, p < 0.01), which was also confirmed by the strong separation of aquaculture and wild samples using Bayesian clustering approaches. A ten-fold higher effective population size (Ne) – and a high number of private alleles – in wild oysters suggest an established self-sustaining feral population. The wild oyster population studied appears demographically independent from the current aquaculture activities in the estuary and alternative scenarios of introduction pathways are discussed.
Biofloc removal by the oyster Crassostrea gasar as a candidate species to an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system with the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
<p>Currently, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/aquaculture">aquaculture</a> seeks to implement production models that keep up with the global demands for sustainability and reduced environmental impacts. One of the options adopted is integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), which cultivates species of different <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/trophic-level">trophic levels</a>, improving the use of nutrients and increasing the economic profitability of the system. On the other hand, the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/biofloc-technology">Biofloc Technology</a> system (BFT) has also been highlighted as an important eco-friendly activity. In an attempt to reduce total suspended solids (TSS) and in accordance with the IMTA principles, the present work evaluated the action of the oyster <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/crassostrea"><em>Crassostrea</em></a><em> gasar</em> on the reduction of TSS and its influence on the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/microbial-communities">microbial community</a> present on the bioflocs. An experiment with two treatments (With and Without Oyster) was carried out in waters from an ongoing marine shrimp crop. The experiment lasted for 5 days, when water samples and oyster stomach content were collected for analysis of microorganisms. The water quality parameters did not show significant differences. The TSS and aggregates number also showed no differences between treatments, indicating that the presence of oysters did not influence the amount of total suspended solids. However, the predominance of flagellates in the stomach contents of the bivalves indicates a prey selectivity by <em>C. gasar</em> by this microorganism. Thus, it is likely that <em>C. gasar</em> is not an effective tool to reduce suspended solids in IMTA, but this organism can highly benefited from <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/protozoa">protozoan</a> present in BFT system.</p>
Data from: Genetic evidence for the uncoupling of local aquaculture activities and a population of an invasive species – a case study of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)
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The effect of intensive oyster aquaculture on the regional organic carbon burial: insights from a half-century historical record
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