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20 results for “Pachygrapsus”
Assessment of connectivity patterns of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the Adriatic and Ionian seas through combination of genetic data and Lagrangian simulations
<p>Seascape connectivity studies, informing the level of exchange of individuals between populations, can provide extremely valuable data for marine population biology and conservation strategy definition. Here we used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the connectivity of the marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus), a high dispersal species, in the Adriatic and Ionian basins. A combination of genetic analyses (based on 15 microsatellites screened in 314 specimens), Lagrangian simulations (obtained with a biophysical model of larval dispersal) and individual-based forward-time simulations (incorporating species-specific fecundity and a wide range of population sizes) disclosed the realized and potential connectivity among eight different locations, including existing or planned Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Overall, data indicated a general genetic homogeneity, after removing a single outlier locus potentially under directional selection. Lagrangian simulations showed that direct connections potentially exist between several sites, but most sites did not exchange larvae. Forward-time simulations indicated that a few generations of drift would produce detectable genetic differentiation in case of complete isolation as well as when considering the direct connections predicted by Lagrangian simulations.Overall, our results suggest that the observed genetic homogeneity reflects a high level of realized connectivity among sites, which might result from a regional metapopulation dynamics, rather than from direct exchange among populations of the existing or planned MPAs. Thus, in the Adriatic and Ionian basins, connectivity might be critically dependent on unsampled, unprotected, populations, even in species with very high dispersal potential like the marbled crab. Our study pointed out the pitfalls of using wide-dispersing species with broad habitat availability when assessing genetic connectivity among MPAs or areas deserving protection and prompts for the careful consideration of appropriate dispersing features, habitat suitability, reproductive timing and duration in the selection of informative species.</p>
Assessment of connectivity patterns of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the Adriatic and Ionian seas through combination of genetic data and Lagrangian simulations
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FIGURE 13 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 13. —Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850). Male 17 x 22.5 mm, French Guiana (MNHN B16013): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela outer face, d) right P5, e) male abdomen.
FIGURE 12 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 12. —Pachygrapsus propinquus de Man, 1908. a) dorsal view; b) right chela, outer face; c) abdomen; a, b, female 8.0 x 10.7 mm, c, male 6.25 x 8.3 mm, Port Canning, India (from de Man, 1908, pl. 18 fig. 2).
FIGURE 10 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 10. —Pachygrapsus planifrons de Man, 1888. Male 7.0 x 9.0 mm, Rangiroa, French Polynesia (UF 1490): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P2; e) right P5; f) abdomen.
FIGURE 18 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 18. —Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on Pachygrapsus species using 15 morphological characters. Three complexes of species are identified: A, P. crassipes Randall, 1840, P. laevimanus Stimpson, 1858, P. loveridgei Chace, 1966, P. maurus (Lucas, 1846), P. transversus (Gibbes, 1850), with P. laevimanus/P. transversus and P. crassipes/P. maurus as subgroups; B, P. corrugatus (von Martens, 1872), P. fakaravensis Rathbun, 1907, P. plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), with P. corrugatus/P. fakaravensis as subgroup; and C, P. minutus A. MilneEdwards, 1873, P. propinquus de Man, 1908. Three species are isolated: P. marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787), P. planifrons de Man, 1888, and P. gracilis (de Saussure, 1858).
FIGURE 11 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 11. —Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). Male 12.1 x 15.3 mm, Taiaro, French Polynesia (MNHN B29279): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P2; e) right P5; f) abdomen.
FIGURE 9. —Pachygrapsus minutus A in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 9. —Pachygrapsus minutus A. MilneEdwards, 1873. Male 4.3 x 5.9 mm Moruroa, French Polynesia (MNHN B29273): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) right chela, outer face; d) right P5; e) abdomen.
FIGURE 8 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 8. —Pachygrapsus maurus (Lucas, 1846). a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face, d) right P5, e) male abdomen. a, c, d, female 12.7 x 14.3 mm, BanyulssurMer, France (MNHN B12933), b, e, male 8.5 x 9.9 mm, Gran Canaria I. (USNM 44529).
FIGURE 17 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 17. —Pachygrapsus polyodous Stebbing, 1921. Holotype male 18 x 22 mm, from Stebbing (1921, pl. 16): a) carapace and P5; b) detail of lateral margin of carapace; c) right chela, terminal portion, inner face.
FIGURE 2 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 2. —Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840. a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela outer face, d) left P5, e) male abdomen. a) male 26.5 x 29.8 mm, California (USNM 32234); b–e, male 27.0 x 30.8 mm, California (MNHN B12892).
FIGURE 1 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 1. —Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens, 1872). a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) male abdomen. a–c, ov. female 13.6 x 15.2 mm, Virgin Is. (USNM 72340); d) male 15.4 x 17.3 mm, Bahamas (USNM 122786).
FIGURE 6 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 6. —Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966. a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P5; e) male abdomen. a, d, holotype male 10.3 x 13.1 mm, St. Helena I. (USNM 112457); b, c, e, male 8.1 x 10 mm, St. Helena I. (MNHN B17836).
FIGURE 7 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 7. —Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787). Male 24.5 x 26.8 mm, Tunisia (USNM 258082): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face, d) right P5, e) abdomen.
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 3. —Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun (1907). a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P5; e) male abdomen; f) female abdomen. a, b, d, f, ov. female 15.0 x 16.5 mm (MNHN B25782); c, e, holotype male 18.0 x 19.4 mm (USNM 32844).
FIGURE 4 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 4. —Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1858). a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P5; e) male abdomen. a, c–e, male 14.9 x 19.5 mm, Florida (USNM 170178); b) ov. female 8.5 x 11 mm, Angola (MNHN B12903).
FIGURE 16 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 16. —Geographic distribution of: a) Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840 (Stars); b) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (full dots); and c) P. laevimanus Stimpson, 1858 (empty dots). a–b, mostly from literature; c) from collections examined during this study. Occurrence of P. laevimanus at Easter I. uncertain (?) and must be confirmed by examination of G1 (see text).
FIGURE 5 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 5. —Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858. Neotype male 18.0 x 21.7 mm (AM P7478): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P3; e) right P5; f) abdomen.
FIGURE 14 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 14. —Infra–orbital margin: a) Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun (1907), ov. female 15.0 x 16.5 mm, Taiaro, French Polynesia (MNHN B25782); b) Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858, neotype male 18.0 x 21.7 mm, Sydney, Australia (AM P7478); c) Pachygrapsus minutus A. MilneEdwards, 1873, male 5.2 x 7.0 mm, Moruroa, French Polynesia (MNHN B29273); d) Pachygrapsus planifrons de Man, 1888, male 7.0 x 9.0 mm, Rangiroa, French Polynesia (UF 1490); e) Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), male 12.1 x 15.3 mm, Taiaro, French Polynesia (MNHN B29279); f) Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens, 1872) ov. female 13.6 x 15.2 mm, Virgin Is. (USNM 72340); g) Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840, male 31.9 x 36.6 mm, Sagami Bay, Japan (NSMT Cr7516); h) Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1858), ov. female 8.5 x 11 mm, Angola (MNHN B12903); i) Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966, male 8.1 x 10 mm, St. Helena I. (MNHN B17836); j) Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787), female 12.7 x 14.3 mm, Préfailles, France (MNHN B22654); k) Pachygrapsus maurus (Lucas, 1846), female 12.7 x 14.3 mm, Banyuls, France (MNHN B12933); l) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), male 17.0 x 22.5 mm, French Guiana (MNHN B16013). Scale bar 1 mm.
FIGURE 15 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
FIGURE 15. —Male gonopods: a) Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun (1907), holotype 18.0 x 19.4 mm, Fakarava, French Polynesia (USNM 32844), right G1, abdominal face (left) and detail of terminal portion, sternal face (right); b) Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858, neotype 18.0 x 21.7 mm, Sydney, Australia (AM P7478), left G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right), setae omitted; c) Pachygrapsus minutus A. MilneEdwards, 1873, cl 8.2 mm, Caroline Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; d) Pachygrapsus planifrons de Man, 1888, 9.5 x 11.8 mm, Hawaiian Is. (USNM 29350), right G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right); e) Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), cl 11.7 mm, Hawaiian Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right); f) Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens, 1872), cl 8.5 mm, Ascension I., left G1 abdominal face (left) and detail of terminal portion, setae omitted (right); g) Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840, cl 35.6 mm, California, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right) setae omitted; h) Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1858), cl 8.7 mm, Virgin Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; i) Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966, holotype 10.3 x 13.1 mm, St. Helena I. (USNM 112457), left G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right); j) Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787), cl 30.5 mm, Gibraltar, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; k) Pachygrapsus maurus (Lucas, 1846), cl 8.5 mm, Canary Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right) setae omitted; l) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), cl 11.1 mm, Key West, Florida, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted. (c, e, g–l, from Chace, 1966, fig. 10–11; f, from Manning & Chace, 1990, fig. 43). Approximate magnification x 6 (x 12 for detail of terminal portion).
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