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FIG. 8. — Paragiopagurus schnauzer n in Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

FIG. 8. — Paragiopagurus schnauzer n. sp., ♂ holotype 3.3 mm, BIOGEOCAL, stn CP 214, New Caledonia (MNHN-Pg 7615): A, propodus and dactyl of left fourth pereopod, lateral; B, propodus and dactyl of left fifth pereopod, lateral; C, thoracic region, ventral; D, anterior and posterior lobes of thoracic sternite XII (third pereopods), ventral; E, uropods and telson, dorsal; F, left first pleopod, mesial; G, left second pleopod, anterior. Scale bars: A-D, F, G, 1 mm; E, 0.5 mm.

FIG. 3. — Oncopagurus conicus n in Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

FIG. 3. — Oncopagurus conicus n. sp., ♂ holotype 2.0 mm, HALIPRO 1, stn C 858, New Caledonia (MNHN-Pg 7612): A, left second pereopod, lateral; B, dactyl of same, mesial; C, left third pereopod, lateral; D, dactyl of same, mesial; E, propodus and dactyl of left fourth pereopod, lateral; F, propodus and dactyl of left fifth pereopod, lateral. Scale bars: A-D, 1 mm; E, F, 0.20 mm.

FIG. 4. — Oncopagurus conicus n in Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

FIG. 4. — Oncopagurus conicus n. sp., ♂ holotype 2.0 mm, HALIPRO 1, stn C 858, New Caledonia (MNHN-Pg 7612); A, thoracic region, ventral;B, anterior and posterior lobes of thoracic sternite XII (third pereopods), ventral; C, uropods and telson, dorsal; D, left first pleopod, mesial; E, left second pleopod, anterior. Scale bars: A, 0.50 mm; B, D, E, 0.20 mm; C, 0.25 mm.

FIG. 9 in Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

FIG. 9. — Right ocular peduncle and cornea (stippling indicates weakly calcified portion): A-C, Typhlopagurus foresti de Saint Laurent, 1972, ♂ 3.7 mm, SALOMON 1, stn CP 1781 (USNM 1084207, ex MNHN-Pg 6706); D, Sympagurus acinops Lemaitre, 1989, ♂ paratype 3.2 mm, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, 1438 m (USNM 231834); E, Parapagurus saintlaurentae Lemaitre, 1999, ♂ paratype 12.8 mm, N of Madagascar, 4810 m (USNM 276123); A, D, E, lateral; B, mesial; C, ventral. Scale bars: A-D, 0.25 mm; E, 1 mm.

FIG. 7. — Paragiopagurus schnauzer n in Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

FIG. 7. — Paragiopagurus schnauzer n. sp., ♂ holotype 3.3 mm, BIOGEOCAL, stn CP 214, New Caledonia (MNHN-Pg 7615): A, right second pereopod, lateral; B, dactyl of same, mesial; C, right third pereopod, lateral; D, dactyl of same, mesial. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 1. — Oncopagurus conicus n in Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

FIG. 1. — Oncopagurus conicus n. sp., New Caledonia: A, ♀ paratype 2.0 mm, HALIPRO 1, stn C 858 (MNHN-Pg 7613); B-D, F-J, ♂ holotype 2.0 mm, HALIPRO 1, stn C 858 (MNHN-Pg 7612); E, ovig. ♀ paratype 2.1 mm, BIOGEOCAL, stn CP 214 (MNHN-Pg 7614); A, gill lamella; B, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal (stippling indicates weakly calcified portion); C, right ocular peduncle and cornea, lateral; D, epistome, dorsolateral (es, epistomial spine; ls, labral spine); E, anterior portion of shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal; F, right antennal peduncle, lateral; G, right cheliped, dorsal; H, chela of same, lateral; I, same, mesial; J, left cheliped, dorsal. Scale bars: A, 0.10 mm; B, 0.50 mm; C-F, 0.25 mm; G-J, 1 mm.

FIG. 6. — Paragiopagurus schnauzer n in Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

FIG. 6. — Paragiopagurus schnauzer n. sp., ♂ paratype 3.2 mm, HALIPRO 2, stn BT 105, Loyalty Islands (MNHN-Pg 6705), left mouthparts, internal: A, mandible; B, maxillule; C, maxilla; D, first maxilliped; E, second maxilliped; F, third maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

FIG. 5. — Paragiopagurus schnauzer n in Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

FIG. 5. — Paragiopagurus schnauzer n. sp., ♂ holotype 3.3 mm, BIOGEOCAL, stn CP 214, New Caledonia (MNHN-Pg 7615): A, gill lamella; B, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal (stippling indicates weakly calcified portion); C, right ocular peduncle and cornea, lateral; D, epistome, dorsolateral (es, epistomial spine; ls, labral spine); E, right antennal peduncle, lateral; F, right cheliped, dorsal; G, chela of same, lateral; H, same, mesial; I, left cheliped, dorsal. Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.25 mm; B, F-I, 1 mm; E, 0.50 mm.

FIG. 12 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 12. — Intuitive phylogenetic tree based on carapace morphologies as outlined in the present study and on data from McLaughlin et al.(2007) and Fraaije et al.(2019). Important synapomorphies include the following: 1, cylindrical carapace; 2, cervical and branchial grooves widely separated; 3, arrow-shaped gastric region; 4, cervical groove not extending to lateral border; 5, intragastric grooves; 6, Y-linea; 7, spinose posterolateral borders.

FIG. 9 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 9. — Changes in taxonomic composition amongst paguroid assemblages within reefal settings during the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian and Tithonian) and mid-Cretaceous (Albian) compared to modern faunas. Grey, Gastrodoridae; orange, cylindrical carapace; blue, non-cylindrical carapace.

FIG. 2 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 2. — Branchial condensation in representatives of the families Parapylochelidae (A, B), Gastrodoridae (C), Xylopaguridae (D, E) and Pylojacquesidae (F).

FIG. 5 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 5. — Isochelous chelae of Schobertella simonsenetlangi Schweigert, Fraaije, Havlik & Nützel, 2013 (SMNS 70555, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany, from the Lower Jurassic (upper Pliensbachian) Amaltheenton Formation of Iggingen near Aalen, southwestern Germany. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 1 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 1. — Branchial condensation in basal paguroid genera: A, Platykotta Chablais, Feldmann & Schweitzer, 2011; B, Schobertella Schweigert, Fraaije, Havlik & Nützel, 2013; C, Eopaguropsis Fraaije, Krzemiński, Van Bakel, Krzemińska & Jagt, 2012.

FIG. 8 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 8. — Schobertella simonsenetlangi Schweigert, Fraaije, Havlik & Nützel, 2013 (SMNS 70555; see also Fig. 5), from the Lower Jurassic (upper Pliensbachian) Amaltheenton Formation of Iggingen near Aalen, southwestern Germany: (A) showing new details of shield morphology, compared to Eopaguropsis nidiaquilae Fraaije, Krzemiński, Van Bakel, Krzemińska & Jagt, 2012 (B) (see Fraaije et al. 2012c: fig. 2d). Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 4 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 4. — Changes in the massetic regions through time; from the Late Jurassic Annuntidiogenes jurassicus Fraaije, 2014 (A) to the mid-Cretaceous (late Albian) Annuntidiogenes worfi Fraaije, van Bakel, Jagt, Klompmaker & Artal, 2009 (B) and extant Paguristes sp. (C).

FIG. 3 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 3. — Reduction of rostral length during the Late Jurassic in representatives of the families Gastrodoridae (A), Parapylochelidae (B) and Pylochelidae (C).

FIG. 7 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 7. — The oldest example of heterochelous paguroid claws from the Upper Jurassic of the Wimereux area (Boulonnais, northwestern France); an individual preserved in situ in the internal mould of a Vetigastropoda (private collection of Mr Gilles Dron). The maximum diameter of the gastropod is about 7 cm.

FIG. 11 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 11. — Paguropsids (Paguropsidae n. fam) through time, from the Oxfordian Eopaguropsis Fraaije, Krzemiński, Van Bakel. Krzemińska & Jagt, 2012 (A), via the Tithonian Eopaguropsis (B) to extant Paguropsis Lemaitre, Rahayu & Komai, 2018 (C).

FIG. 6 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 6. — Isochelous chelae of paguroids from the middle Callovian of Poitou, France: A, specimen UP/CGL.12.10 (UP = Université de Poitiers, CGL = Calcaires de Gratte-Loup). B, specimen UP/CGL.12.11. Photographs: Philippe Loubry. Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 10 in The evolution of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) on the basis of carapace morphology: a state-of-the-art-report

FIG. 10. — Transition from the Gastrodoridae to the Probeebeidae,featuring branchial condensation, reduction of rostrum, reduction of ornament on shield, inflation of posterior carapace, reduction of delineation of cardiac and reduction of midline carapace crest: A, Gastrodorus; B, Probeebei; C, Labidochirus; D, Tylaspis; E, Tisea.