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FIG. 3. — A, B in The Cenozoic lizard record of the Pampean Region

FIG. 3. — A, B, Huayquerian caudal vertebra of Tupinambis sp. (GHUNLPam 2313) in anterior (A) and lateral (B) views; C, Huayquerian right dentary of Ameiva Meyer, 1795 or Kentropyx Spix, 1825 (GHUNLPam 21745) in lateral view; D, Montehermosan right dentary of Tupinambis sp. (MACN 14311) in lateral view; E, Montehermosan left dentary of Tupinambis sp. (MACN 14313) in lateral view; F, Montehermosan left hemimadible of Tupinambis sp. (MACN 14312) in lateral view; G-I, Montehermosan Callopistes bicuspidatus (PVL 4818), frontal in dorsal view (G), partial skull in lateral view (H) and left hemimandible in medial view (I); J, Marplatan left dentary of Tupinambis sp. (MACN 17136) in medial view. Scale bars: A, B, D-F, J, 5 mm; C, 1 mm; G-I, 2 mm.

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Figure 3 in Trichocline maxima (Compositae, Mutisieae) a rare Pampean daisy rediscovered after 70 years in Uruguay

Figure 3. Distribution map of Trichocline maxima. The orange dot represents the latest record of the species that is reported in this work. The black dot in Uruguay is from collections cited in the additional examined material section. The black dot in Brazil represents the possible location of Malme's (1931) citation of a Sellow's collection: Inter Rio Pardo et Bagé.

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Figure 1. A-G. Trichocline maxima. A in Trichocline maxima (Compositae, Mutisieae) a rare Pampean daisy rediscovered after 70 years in Uruguay

Figure 1. A-G. Trichocline maxima. A. General view of the species habit; B. Capitulum; C. Involucre; D. Detail of achene and pappus; E. Detail of rosette leaves, scapes and xylopodium; F. Detail of the rosette and lobate leaves; G. Habitat. Photos credits: A-C, F and G by José M. Bonifacino; D by Fábio P. Torchelsen.

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Fig. 4 in Helminth communities from amphibians inhabiting agroecosystems in the Pampean Region (Argentina)

Fig. 4. Helminth prevalence (A), abundance (B) and richness (C) at infracommunity level, in relation to land use and host species. B. pulchella (Bp), L. latrans (Ll), R. fernandezae (Rf).

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Fig. 1. Study area. C1-5 in Helminth communities from amphibians inhabiting agroecosystems in the Pampean Region (Argentina)

Fig. 1. Study area. C1-5: crop sites, L1- 4: livestock sites (C1: 34°55'13''S; 58°06'33''O; C2: 34°55'54''S; 58°04'29''O; C3: 34°57'36''S; 58°04'57''O; C4: 35°01'42''S; 57°59'44''O; C5: 35°03'06''S; 57°58'35''O; L1: 35°04'27''S; 57°57'23''O; L2: 35°07'46''S; 57°53'11''O; L3: 35°02'22,94''S; 57°48'58,8''O; L4: 35°02'23,2''S; 57°48'58,2''O).

Fig. 7 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina

Fig. 7 Cranium of Ma. patachonica (PIMUZ A/V 5700) in dorsal A and ventral B views. The cranium (PIMUZ A/V 5700) only preserves its posterior portion and basicranium, and was previously subjected to a poor restoration with plaster which covers some of the cranial structures

Fig. 6 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina

Fig. 6 Limb bones of Toxodon cf. T. platensis from the Roth collections in Zurich and Geneva. Right femur (PIMUZ A/V 4216) in A anterior view, and B posterior view. Partial left humerus (MHNG GEPI V3665) in C anterior view, and D posterior view. Left ulna (PIMUZ A/V 4290) in E lateral view, and F medial view

Fig. 2 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina

Fig. 2 Cranium of Mesotherium cristatum (PIMUZ A/V 467). A Ventral view. B Detail (left) and drawing (right) of the upper right dentition in occlusal view. C Lateral view. D Dorsal view. Notice the inflated epitympanic theca, the lateral borders of premaxilla diverging rostrally, the mesiodistally elongated I1 and the lateral orientation of the parastyle of M3 (see Fernández-Monescillo et al., 2023b)

Fig. 3 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina

Fig. 3 Mandible of Mesotherium cristatum. PIMUZ A/V 467 (A–D). A Detail of the left lower dentition in occlusal view. Mandible in B dorsal view, C lateral, and D anterior views. E PIMUZ A/V 4133 in dorsal view. Notice the differences in size and occlusal outlines of i1 and i2, the constricted lateral borders and concave ventral border of the symphysis (see Fernández-Monescillo et al., 2023b)

Fig. 1 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina

Fig. 1 Geographic provenance of the SANUs specimens of the Roth collection from the Pampean Region, Argentina

Fig. 4 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina

Fig. 4 Partial skull of Toxodon cf. T. platensis (PIMUZ A/V 5697). A Caudal portion of the cranium in dorsal view. B Occiput in caudal view

Fig. 5 in Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina

Fig. 5 Mandible and dentition of Toxodon cf. T. platensis. Mandible (PIMUZ A/V 4163) in A dorsal and B lateral views. C Mandible (PIMUZ A/V 4210) in dorsal view. D Right p1 (left) and m2 (right) in occlusal view (PIMUZ A/V 4163). E Right m2 in occlusal view (PIMUZ A/V 4233). F Left P4 in occlusal view (PIMUZ A/V 4245). G Right P3 in occlusal view (PIMUZ A/V 4199)

Fig. 5 in Pampean megamammals in Europe: the fossil collections from Santiago Roth

Fig. 5 Comprehensive stratigraphic section from the Paraná River (north of Buenos Aires and south of Santa Fe provinces), geochronological, chronostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic references based on previous studies in the locality of Ramallo (Buenos Aires Province; Voglino & Pardiñas, 2005). This section was used to interpret the stratigraphic scheme proposed by Roth (Voglino, 2020). References: A Depth meters of the stratigraphic section. B Squematic stratigraphic section from the Paraná riverbanks; C Sedimentary Units (US, by its abbreviation in Spanish) based on Voglino and Pardiñas (2005); D Roth's stratigraphic scheme for the "pampean formation"; E Epochs; F South American Stages/Ages; G Magnetic polarity; H TL and OSL dating (black circle: Kemp et al., 2006; white circle: Tófalo et al., 2006; star: Prado & Alberdi, 2012); I, Biozones (Cione et al., 2015); J, Marine Isotopic Stages

Fig. 1 in Pampean megamammals in Europe: the fossil collections from Santiago Roth

Fig. 1 Geographical location of the fossiliferous sites mentioned by Roth in his catalogues. The sites are in Pampean region, Argentina (A), including Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, and Santa Fe provinces (B). Localities are not exact. Detail of the sites at the riverbanks of the Paraná River are shown in (C). Map produced with QGIS V.3 3.22.0. The shape for the map was obtained from Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Argentina (http://www.ign.gob.ar)

Fig. 9 in Pampean megamammals in Europe: the fossil collections from Santiago Roth

Fig. 9 Oberer Pampeano. Landscape of Pampean region at the Late Pleistocene. Roth´s Oberer Pampeano correlates with the Lujanian Stage/ Age. The reconstruction is based from specimens from Roth Catalogue N° 5. (1) Glyptodon reticulatus (Glyptodontidae) PIMUZ A/V 4122 (Le Verger, 2023); Dusicyon avus (Canidae), PIMUZ A/V 4232 (Ruiz-Ramoni et al., 2023); (3) Propraopus sulcatus (Dasypodidae), PIMUZ A/V 426, 427 (Le Verger, 2023); (4) Macrauchenia patachonica (Macrauchenidae), this species is an artistic license, since all specimens from Catalogue N°5 assigned to this taxon are from the Mittlerer Pampeano (PIMUZ A/V 4118, 4119, 5700; Carrillo & Püschel, 2023; Püschel & Martinelli, 2023); (5) Equus cf. Equus neogaeus (Equidae), PIMUZ A/V 4212, 4248 (Carrillo-Briceño et al., 2023); (6) Hemiauchenia cf. H. paradoxa (Camelidae), PIMUZ A/V 4186, 4195, 4127, 4196, 4255) (Carrillo-Briceño et al., 2023); (7) Findings of humans remains in some archeological sites of Buenos Aires Province, such as Fontezuelas or Baradero, influenced Roth´s interpretation on the contemporaneity with megamammals in the "pampean formation" (Sánchez-Villagra et al., 2023). Reconstruction by Jorge L. Blanco

Fig. 8 in Pampean megamammals in Europe: the fossil collections from Santiago Roth

Fig. 8 Mittlerer Pampeano. Landscape of Pampean region at the late Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene. Roth´s Mittlerer Pampeano partially correlates with the Ensenadan and likely Bonaerian Stage/Age. The reconstruction is based from specimens from Roth Catalogue N° 5. (1) Lagostomus maximus (Chinchillidae), PIMUZ A/V 4235a, 4235b, 4202 (Kerber, 2023); (2) Pampatherium typum (Pampatheriidae), PIMUZ A/V 431, 432 (Le Verger, 2023); (3) Tayassu pecari (Tayassuidae), PIMUZ A/V 4188 (Carrillo-Briceño et al., 2023); (4) Arctotherium sp. (Ursidae), PIMUZ A/V 4215 (Ruiz-Ramoni et al., 2023); (5) Doedicurus clavicaudatus PIMUZ A/V 459, 4148 (Le Verger, 2023); (6) Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae), PIMUZ A/V 479, 481, 482, 483 (Le Verger, 2023); (7) Notiomastodon cf. N. platensis (Gomphotheriidae), PIMUZ A/V 4161, 4092 (Carrillo-Briceño et al., 2023); (8) Toxodon cf. T. platensis (Toxodontidae) PIMUZ A/V 4163, 4199, 4210, 4233, 4245, 4290, 5697 (Carrillo & Püschel, 2023). Reconstruction by Jorge L. Blanco

Fig. 7 in Pampean megamammals in Europe: the fossil collections from Santiago Roth

Fig. 7 Unterer Pampeano. Landscape of Pampean region at the Early Pleistocene. Roth´s Unterer Pampeano partially correlates with the Ensenadan Stage/Age. The reconstruction is based from specimens from Roth Catalogue N° 5 and MHNG. (1) Smilodon sp. (Felidae), likely MHNG GEPI V-3213, 3214 (Pleistocene in collection catalogue, exact stratigraphic location uncertain; Ruiz-Ramoni et al., 2023); the presence of this taxon in South America dates from the Early Pleistocene, Ensenadan Stage/Age to the Late Pleistocene, Lujanian Stage/Age (e.g., Prevosti & Forasiepi, 2018); (2) Scelidotherium bravardi (Mylodontidae), PIMUZ A/V 506, 507, 519, 520 (Le Verger, 2023); (3) Mesotherium cristatum (Mesotheriidae), PIMUZ 467 (Carrillo & Püschel, 2023); (4) Neosclerocalyptus ornatus (Glyptodontidae), PIMUZ A/V 447 (Le Verger, 2023); (5) Lestodon sp. (Mylodontidae), PIMUZ A/V 503 (Le Verger, 2023); (6) Morenelaphus sp. (Cervidae), PIMUZ A/V 4162 (Carrillo-Briceño et al., 2023); (7) Hippidion sp. (Equidae), PIMUZ A/V 4240 (Carrillo-Briceño et al., 2023). Reconstruction by Jorge L. Blanco

Fig. 6 in Pampean megamammals in Europe: the fossil collections from Santiago Roth

Fig. 6 First pages of the catalogues from the Roth´s collections of fossil vertebrates from the Pampean Region. Catalogue Nº1 published in Genua in 1879 (A). Catalogue Nº2 published in San Nicolás in 1882 (B) and in Genua in 1884 (C). Catalogue Nº3, handwritten in San Nicolás in 1885 (D). Cover of the journal Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft with Catalogue Nº5 published in Berlin in 1888 (E). Catalogue Nº5 published in Zurich in 1889 (F) and first page of the catalogue, the numbers at the right in manuscript are the prices in Francs for each specimen (G). Catalogue Nº6 published in Zurich in 1892 (H). Public acknowledgment to the local Swiss community, several organizations and societies, and government for contribution to purchase Roth Catalogue N°5 (Heim & Lang, 1893) (I)

Fig. 11 in Pampean megamammals in Europe: the fossil collections from Santiago Roth

Fig. 11 Specimens scanned using the Artec Space Spider and Eva structured blue light scanner. The detail surface and color are captures in great detail. Catonyx tarijensis PIMUZ AV 512 (A); Nothrotherium escrivanense PIMUZ AV 477 (B); Scelidotherium leptocephalum PIMUZ AV 513 (C). Specimens available at [https:// sketchfab.com/PIMUZ]