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FIGURE 2 in Description of Panagrellus ulmi sp. n. (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from Iran, and comments on the species of the genus and its relatives

FIGURE 2. Panagrellus ulmi sp. n. (light microscope micrographs). A: Neck (arrows pointing the excretory pore). B, F: Anterior end at liplets and stoma levels, respectively. C: Female reproductive system. D: Oviduct. E: Testis. G: Vulva (ventral view). H: Vagina region. I: Isthmus (arrows pointing the excretory pore). J: Female posterior end (arrow indicates the phasmid). K: Male posterior end (arrows pointing some genital papillae). L: Spicule and gubernaculum.

FIGURE 1 in Description of Panagrellus ulmi sp. n. (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from Iran, and comments on the species of the genus and its relatives

FIGURE 1. Panagrellus ulmi sp. n. A: Neck. B: Anterior end. C: Lateral field. D: Female genital system. E: Female entire. F: Male entire. G–I: Spicule. J–L: Gubernaculum. M: Female posterior end. N: Male posterior end. O: Vulva in ventral view.

FIGURE 5 in Description of Panagrellus ulmi sp. n. (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from Iran, and comments on the species of the genus and its relatives

FIGURE 5. Anterior end (up), spicule and gubernaculum (down) of Panagrobelus species (A–E) and Plectonchus (F–O). A: P. coronatus. B: P. hunti. C: P. incisus. D: P. phloeosini. E: P. stammeri (cf. Stock et al., 2002). F: P. ateri. G: P. cuniculari. H: P. extrematus. I: P. galeatus. J: P. ligniperdae. K: P. longevulvus. L: P. molgos. M: P. procerus. N: P. sucicola. O: P. wyganti. All drawings based on the original descriptions except where indicated (not to scale).

FIGURE 4 in Description of Panagrellus ulmi sp. n. (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from Iran, and comments on the species of the genus and its relatives

FIGURE 4. Anterior end (up), spicule and gubernaculum (down) of Panagrellus species (A–N) and Baujardia (O). A: P. ceylonensis. B: P. dorsobidentatus. C: P. dubius. D: P. filiformis. E: P. japonicus. F: P. leperisini. G: P. ludwigi. H: P. nepenthicola. I: P. pycnus. J: P. redivivoides. K: P. redivivus (cf. de Man, 1914). L: P. silusioides. M: P. ulmi sp. n. N: P. ventrodentatus. O: B. mirabilis. All drawings based on the original descriptions except where indicated (not to scale).

FIGURE 3 in Description of Panagrellus ulmi sp. n. (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from Iran, and comments on the species of the genus and its relatives

FIGURE 3. Panagrellus ulmi sp. n. (female, scanning electron microscope micrographs). A: Body anterior end. B–E: Lip region in frontal (dorso-ventral position), right subventral (subfrontal), ventral and left sublateral views, respectively. F: Lateral field. G–H: Tail in lateral and ventral views, respectively.

FIGURE 3 in Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India

FIGURE 3. Morphology of the spicules and gubernacula of Panagrellus species with curved or hooked shaped manubrium. (A) P. ceylonensis (redrawn from Hechler, 1971). (B) P. pycnus (redrawn from Thorne, 1938). (C) P. leperisini (redrawn from Massey, 1974). (D) P. silusioides (redrawn from Tsalolikhin, 1965). (E) P. redivivus (redrawn from Goodey, 1945). (F) P. dubius (redrawn from Sanwal, 1960).

FIGURE 5 in Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree based on 28S rDNA sequences of Panagrellus ceylonensis isolate HNK14 and other species of Panagrellus genus. The tree was constructed by using Maximum Likelihood method based on Kimura 3-parameter model. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site. Steinernema abbasi was used as outgroup taxa. NCBI accession numbers of the sequences used for the analyses are shown.

FIGURE 1. Panagrellus ceylonensis Hechler, 1971 in Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India

FIGURE 1. Panagrellus ceylonensis Hechler, 1971 from India. (A) Neck. (B) Anterior end. (C) Entire male. (D) Entire female. (E) Vagina and post-vulval uterine sac. (F) Male posterior end (black arrow showing genital papillae (GP) and Mid-ventral papilla (MP) and grey arrow (Ph) showing phasmid). (G) Female posterior end. (H) Spicule.

FIGURE 2. Panagrellus ceylonensis Hechler, 1971 in Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India

FIGURE 2. Panagrellus ceylonensis Hechler, 1971 from India (light microscopy). (A) Neck. (B) Anterior end. (C) Entire male. (D) Entire female. (E) Vagina and post-vulval uterine sac. (F) Male posterior end (black arrow showing genital papillae (GP) and Mid-ventral papilla (MP) and white arrow showing phasmid). (G) Female posterior end. (H) Spicule.

Fig. 7 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 7 Immunolocalization of MSP in E. brevis sperm. a Immature spermatozoon from male. MSP is diffusely distributed in cytoplasm and concentrated in large granules (scale bar 10 µm). b Spermatozoon recovered from male and partially activated by 10-min incubation in sea water. MSP undergoes transformation resulting in appearance of

Fig. 5 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 5 Western blot analysis of MSP in E. brevis. a MSP has unusual mobility in gel and is found as protein with weight 36–38 kDa. Both male and female samples reveal MSP signal, because the latter include inseminated females. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control (approximate weight 55 kDa). b Peptide competition assay confirms reactivity of anti-MSP antibodies with protein band of 36–38 kDa

Fig. 2 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 2 Western blot analysis of MSP in P. redivivus. In adult animals, MSP is detected as double band with approximate weight 15 and 16 kDa. a Both male and female samples reveal MSP signal, because the latter include mated females. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control (approximate weight 55 kDa). b Analysis of young males and females. MSP is not detected in females, because most of them are unmated. Abbreviations: m, males; f, females

Fig. 3 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 3 Schematic representation of P. redivivus spermatozoa based on transmission electron microscopy. a Morphology of immature and mature spermatozoa. Immature spermatozoon is an unpolarized cell with nucleus devoid of nuclear envelope, mitochondria, and membranous organelles. Mature spermatozoon in female reproductive system is a bipolar cell with anterior pseudopodium and posterior main cell body containing chromatin, mitochondria, and membranous organelles that attached to cell membrane and open to the exterior via pores. Reproduced from Zograf (2014) with the permission from copyright holder (Russian Journal of Nematology). b Chain of conjugated mature spermatozoa in female reproductive system. Abbreviations: N, nucleus; mt, mitochondria; mo, membranous organelles; ch, nuclear chromatin; ps, pseudopodium; mcb, mail cell body

Fig. 1 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 1 Phylogeny of nematodes and MSP-based sperm motility. Phylogenetic relationships within phylum Nematoda derived primarily from SSU rDNA sequence data are given according to De Ley and Blaxter (2002). Suborders of the order Rhabditida, in which representatives highly homologous MSPs are found at DNA, RNA, or protein levels, are marked by underlining. Taxa whose species used in this study are marked with asterisks. Orders Trefusi- ida, Isolaimida, Dioctophyma- tida, Muspiceida, Marimermith- ida, and Desmoscolecida are not shown in this tree

Fig. 8 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 8 Putative MSPs those are most similar to peptide antigen. a P. redivivus MSPs aligned with peptide antigen. Protein sequences (Pan_g61.t1, Pan_g6018.t1, Pan_g6424.t1, Pan_g9068.t1, Pan_ g19433.t1, and Pan_g21178.t1) were found by Blast using peptide

Fig. 4 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 4 Immunolocalization of MSP in P. redivivus sperm. a Immature spermatozoa extracted from male. MSP localizes in granules. In some cells, MSP has strongest signals in the periphery (arrowheads) (scale bar 10 µm). b Chain of mature spermatozoa extracted from female.

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FIGURE 6 in Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India

FIGURE 6. Global distribution of Panagrellus species.

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The genome and transcriptome of Panagrellus redivivus is shaped by the harsh demands of a free-living lifestyle

GEO Series GSE44020. Panagrellus redivivus. 1 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.

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FIGURE 4 in Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA sequences of Panagrellus ceylonensis isolate HNK14 and other species of Panagrellus genus. The tree was constructed by using Maximum Likelihood method based on Tamura 3-parameter model. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site. Steinernema feltiae was used as outgroup taxa. NCBI accession numbers of the sequences used for the analyses are shown.