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9 results for “Panagrolaimus”
Data from: Investigating trehalose synthesis genes after cold acclimation in the Antarctic nematode Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1
Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 is a freeze-tolerant Antarctic nematode which survives extensive intracellular ice formation. The molecular mechanisms of this extreme adaptation are still poorly understood. We recently showed that desiccation-enhanced RNA interference (RNAi) soaking can be used in conjunction with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to screen for phenotypes associated with reduced expression of candidate genes in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. Here, we present the use of this approach to investigate the role of trehalose synthesis genes in this remarkable organism. Previous studies have shown that acclimating Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 at 5°C before freezing or desiccation substantially enhances survival. In this study, the expression of tps-2 and other genes associated with trehalose metabolism, as well as lea-1, hsp-70 and gpx-1, in cold-acclimated and non-acclimated nematodes was analyzed using qPCR. Pd-tps-2 and Pd-lea-1 were significantly upregulated after cold acclimation, indicating an inducible expression in the cold adaptation of Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. The role of trehalose synthesis genes in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 was further investigated by RNAi. Compared to the controls, Pd-tps-2a(RNAi)-treated and cold-acclimated nematodes showed a significant decrease in mRNA, but no change in trehalose content or freezing survival. The involvement of two other trehalose synthesis genes (tps-2b and gob-1) was also investigated. These findings provide the first functional genomic investigation of trehalose synthesis genes in the non-model organism Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. The presence of several trehalose synthesis genes with different RNAi sensitivities suggests the existence of multiple backup systems in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1, underlining the importance of this sugar in preparation for freezing.
FIGURE 7 in Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa
FIGURE 7. Panagrolaimus leperisini, female (A–E). A–B: Anterior region; C: Reproductive system; D-E: Tail region. Male, F: Tail region showing spicules and gubernaculum.
FIGURE 6. Aphelenchoides spicomucronatus female. A in Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa
FIGURE 6. Aphelenchoides spicomucronatus female. A: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangement of oocytes; B: Genital tract with arrow indicating spermatheca with sperm cells; C: Tail region; D: Vulval region showing postvulval uterine sac.
FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A in Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa
FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangement of oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region.
FIGURE 5. Aphelenchoides spicomucronatus female. A in Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa
FIGURE 5. Aphelenchoides spicomucronatus female. A: Anterior region; B: Lateral field at mid-body; C: Tail region; D: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangement of oocytes; E: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac.
FIGURE 4. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A in Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa
FIGURE 4. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Vulval region showing spermatheca with arrows indicating sperm cells; and post-vulval uterine sac; B: Tail region.
FIGURE 2 in Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa
FIGURE 2. Aphelenchoides lichenicola. Female (A–C & E), A: Genital tract with arrow indicating spermatheca with sperm cells; B: Tail region; C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac; E: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangement of oocytes; Male, D: Tail region showing spicule.
FIGURE 1 in Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa
FIGURE 1. Aphelenchoides lichenicola. Female (C–G), C: Tail region; D: Lateral field at mid-body; E: Anterior region; F: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangement of oocytes; G: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac. Male (A–B), A: Anterior region; B: Tail region showing spicule.
Data from: Investigating trehalose synthesis genes after cold acclimation in the Antarctic nematode Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1
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