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FIG. 15 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 15. — Indian Ocean species of Paralomis White, 1856: A, P. ceres, Macpherson, 1989, holotype š CL 58.1 mm (BMNH 1989.926); B, P. ochthodes Macpherson, 1988, holotype š CL 71.6 mm (USNM-228831); A, B, mid-branchial tubercles, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 3 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 3. — Paralomis erinacea Macpherson, 1988: A, B, ♀ CL 44.87 mm (MNHN Pg-2937); C, D, ♀ CL 59 mm (specimen in collection of Dr Ramos, Vigo), Mauritania, 14.XII.2007; E, F, ♀ CL 83 mm (specimen in collection of Dr Ramos, Vigo), Mauritania, 14.XII.2007; A, carapace, dorsal view; B, dorsal spines, posterior view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, dorsal spines, posterior view; E, carapace, dorsal view; F, dorsal tubercles, posterior view. Scale bars: A, C, 5 mm; B, F, 2 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 10 mm.

FIG. 2 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 2. — Paralomis cubensis Chace, 1939: A-C, ♀ CL 26 mm (USNM-231310), RV Miss Virginia, 329-366 m, 21.III.1962; D, E, ♀ CL 45.8 mm (USNM-213542), 26°45'N, 84°55'W, 466-732 m, XII.1983; F, G, ♀ CL 79.6 mm (USNM-231312), Amazon River Mouth, 411 m, XI.1957; A, carapace, dorsal view; B, mid-branchial spine, posterio-lateral view; C, mid-branchial spines, posterio-lateral view; D, carapace, dorsal view; E, mid-branchial region, dorsal view; F, carapace, dorsal view; G, mid-branchial region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, D, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 2 mm; E, G, 4 mm; F, 10 mm.

FIG. 6 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 6. — Paralomis mendagnai Macpherson, 2003: A, B, š CL 11 mm (MNHN Pg-6408), Solomon Islands, 1001-1012 m, 26.IX.2001, SALOMON 1, stn CP 1753; C, D, š CL 36 mm (MNHN Pg-6408), Solomon Islands, 896-912 m, 25.IX.2001, SALOMON 1, stn CP 1752; E, F, holotype š 58.8 mm (MNHN Pg-6408), Solomon Islands, 896-912 m, 25.IX.2001, SALOMON 1, stn CP 1752; A, carapace, dorsal view; B, mid-branchial region, dorsal view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, mid-branchial region, dorsal view; E, carapace, dorsal view; F, mid-branchial flattened tubercle. Scale bars: A, C, E, 5 mm; B, D, F, 1 mm.

FIG. 7 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 7. — Paralomis multispina Benedict, 1895: A-C, ♀ CL 17 mm (USNM-18591), Sea Lion rocks, WA, 1253 m; D, E, ♀ CL 68 mm (USNM-18589);A, carapace, dorsal view; B, mid-branchial spines, dorsal view; C, typical mid-branchial spine, lateral view; D, carapace, dorsal view; E, typical mid-branchial spine, right lateral view. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B-E, 1 mm.

FIG. 12 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 12. — South America (west coast) Paralomis White,1856 species:A, P. aspera Faxon,1893, š CL 53 mm (BMNH), Coquimbo,560 m, VI.1971; B, P. phrixa, Macpherson, 1992, holotype ♀ CL 64.6 mm (USNM-259380); C, P. arae Macpherson, 2001, holotype š CL 74.5 mm (MNHN Pg 5945); D, P. otsuae Wilson, 1990, ♀ 73.4 mm (USNM-259219); E, Glyptolithodes cristatipes Faxon, 1893, ♀ CL 71.2 mm (USNM-259216); A, B, mid-branchial spines, postero-lateral view; C-E, mid-branchial region, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 9 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 9. — Paralomis stella Macpherson, 1988: A, B, š CL 24.5 mm (MNHN Pg-4257), Réunion Island, 350-750 m, 28.VIII.1982; C, D, holotype š 71.3 mm (MNHN Pg-4255); A, carapace, dorsal view; B, mid-branchial spines, left lateral view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, mid-branchial tubercle, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, C, 5 mm; B, 0.5 mm; D, 1 mm.

FIG. 14 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 14. — Central Pacific Paralomis White,1856 species: A, P. seagranti Eldredge,1976, š CL 74.7 mm (MNHN Pg-4265); B, P. dawsoni Macpherson, 2001, ♀ CL 57.3 mm (MNHN Pg-4279); C, P. haigae Eldredge, 1976, š CL 49.9 mm (MNHN Pg-4276); D, P. hirtella de Saint-Laurent & Macpherson, 1997, š CL 47 mm (MNHN Pg-4662); A-D mid-branchial tubercles, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 1 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 1. — Terminology for describing carapace ornamentation in species of Paralomis White, 1856: spines (A) are structures which measure more than 1.5 times as high as wide at the base; tubercles (B-E) are any structures measuring less than 1.5 times high as wide at the base; within this system, tubercles can be conical (B), rounded (C), pedunculate (D) or flattened (E), and have regular (smooth) or irregular surfaces. Conical tubercles differ from rounded tubercles in that they taper towards an acute apex. Flattened tubercles are lower than 0.2 times as high as wide at the base. Numbers represent ratios.

FIG. 13 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 13. — Japan and North Pacific species of Paralomis White, 1856: A, B, P. histrix De Haan, 1844; A, ♀ CL 63.2 mm (BMNH 1985.140); B, š CL 34.9 mm (MNHN Pg 2212); C, P. japonica Balss, 1911, š CL 46.7 mm (MNHN); D, P. makarovi Hall & Thatje, 2009, š CL 23 mm (USNM-1122582); E, P. cristata Takeda & Ohta, 1979, ♀ 76.4 mm (USNM-229721); F, P. verrilli (Benedict, 1894), holotype š CL 78 mm (USNM-18537); A, B, D, mid-branchial spines, lateral view; C, E, F, mid-branchial tubercles, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 3 mm; B, E, 2 mm; C, D, F, 1 mm.

FIG. 8 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 8. — Paralomis spinosissima Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972: A, B, ♀ CL 17.1 mm (USNM-154634), Drake's Passage, 384-394 m, IX.1963; C, D, ♀ CL 55.6 mm (USNM-231422), South Georgia, 563-598 m, V.1975; A, carapace, dorsal view; B, mid-branchial spines, dorsal view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, branchial spines, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars: A, C, 5 mm; B, D, 1 mm.

FIG. 10 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 10. — Northern and Eastern Atlantic Paralomis White, 1856 species: A, B, P. cristulata Macpherson, 1988, holotype ♀ CL 55 mm (MNHN Pg-3427), Senegal, 650 m; C, P. bouvieri Hansen 1909, š CL 17.7 mm (USNM-231209); D, P. africana Macpherson, 1982, š CL 68.4 mm (USNM-213153); E, P. grossmani Macpherson, 1988, holotype ♀ CL 93.4 mm (USNM-228832); F, P. pectinata Macpherson, 1988, holotype ♀ CL 96.4 mm (USNM-233599); A, B, D-F, mid-branchial tubercles, dorsal view; C, carapace spines, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 5 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 5. — Paralomis inca Haig, 1974: A, B, š CL 69 mm (image of paratype from Haig 1974), 12 miles SW of Banco de Mancora, Peru, 620 m, III.1971; C, D, ♀ CL 96 mm (USNM-259223), 7°49'00''S, 80°38'00''W, 705-735 m; A, carapace, dorsal view; B, carapace spine, lateral view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, mid-branchial tubercle, lateral view. Scale bars: A, C, 10 mm; B, D, 1 mm.

FIG. 11 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 11. — Southern Ocean Paralomis White, 1856 species: A, B, P. aculeata Henderson, 1888, holotype š CL 41 mm (BMNH 88.33), Prince Edward Islands; C, P. elongata Spiridonov, Türkay, Arntz & Thatje, 2006, ♀ CL 65 mm (collection S. Thatje, NOCS), Bouvet Island; D, P. anamerae Macpherson, 1988, ♀ CL 72 mm, MD24 Crozet Island, 655-700 m, IX.1980; E, F, P. formosa Henderson, 1888; E, paratype šCL 16.4 mm (BMNH 88.33), Rio Plata; F, š CL 72.6 mm (collection S. Thatje, NOCS), South Georgia groundfish survey; G, H, P. birsteini Macpherson, 1988, holotype ♀ CL 54.7 mm (USNM-228830); A, mid-branchial region, dorsal view; B, antero-lateral carapace, dorsal view; C, mid-branchial region, depicting significant intermoult wear on the tubercles, dorsal view; D, mid-branchial region, dorsal view; E, base of a lateral spine, showing secondary tubercles in juvenile specimen, dorsal view; F, mid-branchial region, not showing main spines, which are up to 10 mm in length, dorsal view; G, mid branchial region, dorsal view; H, mid-branchial tubercle, lateral view. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, H, 1 mm; B, 3 mm; D, F, 2 mm.

Figure 6 in First record of the hyperparasite Liriopsis pygmaea (Cryptoniscidae, Isopoda) from a rhizocephalan parasite of the false king crab Paralomis granulosa from the Beagle Channel (Argentina), with a redescription

Figure 6. Liriopsis pygmaea. (a, b) Habitus of early subadult female; (c) ventral habitus of advanced subadult female; (d, e) dorsal and ventral habitus of adult female; (f, g) adult female, details of anterior and posterior ends of the slit. Scale bars: 5 mm (a–e); 0.5 mm (f); 1 mm (g).

Figure 5 in First record of the hyperparasite Liriopsis pygmaea (Cryptoniscidae, Isopoda) from a rhizocephalan parasite of the false king crab Paralomis granulosa from the Beagle Channel (Argentina), with a redescription

Figure 5. Liriopsis pygmaea. Cryptoniscus larva. (a) Third pereopod; (b) sixth pereopod; (c) seventh pereopod, merus and carpus only; (d) first pleopod, (e) uropods. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (b and c, same scale).

Figure 3 in First record of the hyperparasite Liriopsis pygmaea (Cryptoniscidae, Isopoda) from a rhizocephalan parasite of the false king crab Paralomis granulosa from the Beagle Channel (Argentina), with a redescription

Figure 3. Liriopsis pygmaea. SEM photographs of the cryptoniscus larva. (a, b) Dorsal and ventral habitus; (c) ventral view of head, arrow shows the median plate partially covering the rostral teeth of the first antenna; (d) anterior part of first and second antennular articles, arrows show the first article with a rostral tooth completely exposed and the second article with a single median tooth; (e) ventral view showing the sixth (foreground) and seventh styliform pereopods; arrow indicates seventh coxal plate. Photographs (b) and (c) belong to the same specimen, the others to different specimens. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 1 in First record of the hyperparasite Liriopsis pygmaea (Cryptoniscidae, Isopoda) from a rhizocephalan parasite of the false king crab Paralomis granulosa from the Beagle Channel (Argentina), with a redescription

Figure 1. Liriopsis pygmaea. SEM photographs of the epicaridium larva. (a) Ventral habitus; (b) ventral view of abdomen; (c) detail of anal tube. All photographs belong to the same specimen.

Figure 2 in First record of the hyperparasite Liriopsis pygmaea (Cryptoniscidae, Isopoda) from a rhizocephalan parasite of the false king crab Paralomis granulosa from the Beagle Channel (Argentina), with a redescription

Figure 2. Liriopsis pygmaea. Epicaridium larva. (a) Second antenna; (b) sixth pereopod; (c) fourth pleopod; (d) uropods. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figure 4 in First record of the hyperparasite Liriopsis pygmaea (Cryptoniscidae, Isopoda) from a rhizocephalan parasite of the false king crab Paralomis granulosa from the Beagle Channel (Argentina), with a redescription

Figure 4. Liriopsis pygmaea. Cryptoniscus larva. (a) Dorsal habitus; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) first pereopod, with detail of distal process of propodus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a); 0.1 mm (b–d).