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Figure 6 in Towards a revision of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913: establishment of Simplicaris gen. nov. from groundwaters in central Italy and review of the P. brevipes-group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae)

Figure 6. Genital field in A, Simplicaris lethaea gen. et sp. nov. (♀). B, Parastenocaris brevipes (♀), Onkimanjarvi Lake, Finland (USNM 259764). Arrow indicates the copulatory pore.

Figure 5. Male P4 in Towards a revision of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913: establishment of Simplicaris gen. nov. from groundwaters in central Italy and review of the P. brevipes-group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae)

Figure 5. Male P4 exopod in representative members of the family Parastenocarididae. A, Simplicaris lethaea gen. et sp. nov. B, Parastenocaris brevipes, Onkimanjarvi Lake, Finland (USNM 259764). C, Parastenocaris glareola Hertzog, 1936, River Rhône, France.

Figure 4 in Towards a revision of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913: establishment of Simplicaris gen. nov. from groundwaters in central Italy and review of the P. brevipes-group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae)

Figure 4. Segmental pattern of male antennule in representative members of Parastenocarididae. A, Simplicaris lethaea gen. et sp. nov. (♂). B, Parastenocaris brevipes Kessler, 1913 (♂), Onkimanjarvi Lake, Finland (USNM 259764). C, Forficatocaris claudii (♂) (after Ahnert, 1994; redrawn).

Figure 2 in Towards a revision of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913: establishment of Simplicaris gen. nov. from groundwaters in central Italy and review of the P. brevipes-group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae)

Figure 2. Simplicaris lethaea gen. et sp. nov. (A-C, G: ♂ paratype; D-F, H: ♂ holotype). A, mandible. B, maxillule. C, maxilla. D, maxilliped. E, P1. F, P2. G, P3. H, P4.

Figure 3 in Towards a revision of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913: establishment of Simplicaris gen. nov. from groundwaters in central Italy and review of the P. brevipes-group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae)

Figure 3. Simplicaris lethaea gen. et sp. nov. (♀ paratype). A, urosome. B, genital field. C, antennule. D, P2. E, P3. F, P4.

Figure 1 in Towards a revision of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913: establishment of Simplicaris gen. nov. from groundwaters in central Italy and review of the P. brevipes-group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae)

Figure 1. Simplicaris lethaea gen. et sp. nov. (A, C: ♂ paratype; B, D: ♂ holotype). A, habitus. B, urosome. C, antennule. D, antenna.

Fig. 11 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 11. Parastenocaris koreana sp. nov., Imjin River, paratype female 2: A. urosome, lateral view. B. urosome, ventral view. C. endopod of second swimming leg, anterior view. D. third swimming leg, anterior view. E. fourth swimming leg, anterior view. F. fifth legs, anterior view. Arrows indicating features different from P. biwae Miura, 1969. Arabic numerals indicating pairs of sensilla homologous to those in male specimens. Scale bars 100 µm for all.

Fig. 5 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 5. Parastenocaris koreana sp. nov., Wangpi Stream, A-C. female 3. D. female 3. E and F. female 2: A. habitus, lateral view. B. cephalothorax, lateral view. C. anal somite and right caudal ramus, lateral view. D. anal somite and caudal rami, ventral view. E. mouth appendages, ventral view. F. mouth appendages, detail, ventral view. Scale bars 100 µm for A, 10 µm for B-E, 1 µm for F.

Fig. 2. Parastenocaris biwae Miura, 1969, A-G. male, H-K in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 2. Parastenocaris biwae Miura, 1969, A-G. male, H-K. female: A. first swimming leg with abnormal endopod (undissected). B. endopod of second swimming leg. C. third swimming leg, anterior view (undissected). D. third swimming leg, posterior view (dissected and mounted). E. tip of third leg, posterior view. F. fourth swimming leg without last two exopodal segments, posterior view. G. fifth leg, anterior view. H. spermatophore. I. first endopodal segment of first swimming leg, anterior view. J. second swimming leg, anterior view. K. fifth legs, anterior view. Scale bar 100 µm for all.

Fig. 6 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 6. Parastenocaris koreana sp. nov., Imjin River, A-E. holotype male. F. paratype male 1: A. habitus, lateral view. B. cephalothorax, lateral view. C. anal somite and left caudal ramus, lateral view. D. left antennula, lateral view. E. third and fourth swimming legs, lateral view. F. habitus, ventral view. Scale bars 100 µm for A and F, 10 µm for B-E.

Fig. 4 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 4. Parastenocaris koreana sp. nov., Wangpi Stream, A-D. male 1. E. female 1. F. female 2: A. habitus, dorsal view. B. first four urosomites, dorsal view. C. anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal view. D. antennulae, dorsal view. E. fifth pedigerous and genital double somites. F. fifth pedigerous and genital double somites. Scale bars 100 µm for A, 10 µm for all others.

Fig. 12 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 12. One of six equally parsimonious cladograms resulting from the analysis of 38 morphological characters (Table 1), scored for 20 species of the brevipes group of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913 and three outgroups: Proserpinicaris young Karanovic, Cho and Lee, 2012; Dussartstenocaris idioxenos Karanovic and Cooper 2011; and Kinnecaris lakewayi Karanovic and Cooper, 2011. All unsupported nodes hard collapsed. Full circles, presumed synapomorphies; empty circles, presumed plesiomorphies or homoplasies; numbers above branches, characters; numbers below branches, character states. See text for further explanation.

Fig. 9 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 9. Parastenocaris koreana sp. nov., Daehwa Stream, A. male 1. B. female 1. C. female 2. D. female 3: A. antennulae, lateral view. B. habitus, lateral view. C. mouth appendages, ventral view. D. fifth pedigerous and genital double somite. Scale bars 100 µm for B, 10 µm for all others.

Fig. 10 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 10. Parastenocaris koreana sp. nov., Imjin River, paratype male 2: A. habitus dorsal view. B. genital somite, ventral view. C. anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal view. D. spermatophore. E. antennula, ventral view. F. exopod of antenna. G. endopod of second swimming leg, anterior view. H. third swimming leg, anterior view (undissected). I. third swimming leg, posterior view. J. tip of third swimming leg, posterior view. K. fourth swimming leg without last two exopodal segments, posterior view. Arrows indicating features different from P. biwae Miura, 1969. Arabic numerals indicating pairs of sensilla numbered consecutively from anterior to posterior part of the body and from dorsal to ventral side. Scale bars 100 µm for all.

Fig. 1. Parastenocaris biwae Miura, 1969 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 1. Parastenocaris biwae Miura, 1969, male: A. habitus, dorsal view. B. anal somite and caudal rami, ventral view. C. cephalothoracic shield, lateral view (dissected). D. anal somite with spermatophore inside, ventral view. E. antennule, ventral view. F. antenna, dorsal view. Arabic numerals indicating pairs of sensilla numbered consecutively from anterior to posterior part of the body and from dorsal to ventral side. Scale bars 100 µm for all.

Fig. 8 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

Fig. 8. Parastenocaris koreana sp. nov., Daehwa Stream, A and B. male 1. C and D. male 2: A. habitus, lateral view. B. anal somite and right caudal ramus, lateral view. C. cephalothorax and antennulae, dorsal view. D. anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal view. Scale bars 100 µm for A, 10 µm for all others.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Mindoro Island, Philippines: Parastenocaris distincta sp. nov. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

FIGURE 1. Parastenocaris distincta sp. nov. A, C, D–J: holotype (MCSNG 53622a). B: paratype male. A: dorsal integumental windows on genital somite and abdominal somites 1–3, dorsal view. B: anal somite, anal operculum, caudal rami, lateral view. C: anal somite, anal operculum, caudal rami, dorsal view. D: rostrum and antennule, dorsal view. E: fourth and fifth antennular segment, ventral view. F: antenna. G: spermatophore. H: mandible. I: maxillule. J: maxilla. K: maxilliped.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Mindoro Island, Philippines: Parastenocaris distincta sp. nov. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

FIGURE 4. Parastenocaris distincta sp. nov. A, B: paratype male. C, D, E, F: paratype (i.e. allotype, MCSNG 53622b). A: P3, lateral view (variability). B: P3 exopod (variability). C: P1 basis and endopod, medial view. D: P3 endopod and exp-1, medial view. E: P4. F: anal somite, anal operculum, caudal rami, dorsal view.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Mindoro Island, Philippines: Parastenocaris distincta sp. nov. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

FIGURE 3. Parastenocaris distincta sp. nov. A: holotype (MCSNG 53622a). B: paratype female. C, D: paratype (i.e. allotype, MCSNG 53622b). A: P4. B: dorsal integumental windows on genital double-somite, abdominal somites 2-3, dorsal view. C: genital double-somite and genital field, ventral view. D: antennule, partly disarticulated, segments marked by roman numbers.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Parastenocaris from Mindoro Island, Philippines: Parastenocaris distincta sp. nov. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae)

FIGURE 2. Parastenocaris distincta sp. nov. A, B, C, E: holotype (MCSNG 53622a). D: paratype (i.e. allotype, MCSNG 53622b). A: P1. B: P2. C: P3. D: P5. E: P5.