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129 results for “Parmeliaceae”
FIG. 6 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 6. — Usnic acid concentrations (mg g–1 dry weight) in the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale measured in Europe and Africa by HPLC-PDA. The lines represent the minimum and maximum values, the box represents the 25 and 75% of the data, the thick line represents the median. Continents are not significantly different at 95% confidence.
FIG. 4 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 4. — UPLC-PDA-MS analysis of acetone extract of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale: A, chromatogram showing peaks detected at 280 nm, where (+)-usnic acid eluting at 7.59 minutes; B, extraction ion chromatogram of the ion at m/z 343.10 detection in negative ion mode, corresponding to deprotonated usnic acid molecular ion; C, total ion chromatogram; D, UV spectrum of usnic acid; E, mass spectrum of usnic acid.
FIG. 3 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 3. — Usnic acid, protocetraric acid (p) and caperatic acid (c) sampled from specimens of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale collected in Europe (HU, Hungary; SRB, Serbia) and Africa (Afr) are presented on developed HPTLC plates (in solvent system C according to Arup et al. 1993) with control: A, under UV 254 nm; B, sprayed with water; C, in daylight after spraying with 10% sulphuric acid and charring.
FIG. 2 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 2. — Collecting sites of the investigated samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Table 1): A, in Hungary and Serbia; B, in Kenya and Tanzania.
FIG. 5 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 5. — Usnic acid enantiomers in the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale: A, the chiral HPLC chromatogram showing separation of usnic acid enantiomer standards: (+)-usnic acid eluting at 8.44 min and (-)-usnic acid eluting at 9.59 min; B, the chromatogram showing only (+)-usnic acid present in F. caperata.
FIG. 1 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 1. — Thalli of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, in their habitats in Hungary: A, on bark of Quercus sp. (sample 4); B, on andesite rock (near sample 11). Herbarium specimens: C, from Kenya (VBI 6044, sample 19); D, E, from Tanzania (VBI 6169, sample 20; VBI 6251, sample 23). Photographs taken by E. Farkas. Scale bars: 1 cm.
Figs. 1–5 in Canoparmelia pustulifera, a new species of Parmeliaceae containing perlatolic acid from Southern Brazil
Figs. 1–5. Holotype of Canoparmelia pustulifera. 1. Thallus; 2. Detail of the distal lobes with maculae and lack of cilia; 3. Detail of the pustule disposition on the lobes; 4. Detail of the black lower cortex and narrow brown marginal zone; 5. Detail of pustules, partially eroding into soredia. Scale bars: Figs. 1-4 = 1cm; Fig. 5 = 1 mm.
FIG. 7 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 7. — Distribution of Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb.& C.F.Culb. in Hungary after revision.
FIG. 11 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 11. — Distribution of Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F.Culb.in Hungary after revision.
FIG. 4 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 4. — Microcrystal tests of A, imbricaric; B, perlatolic; C, olivetoric acids and D, atranorin in GE solvent (glycerine – acetic acid, 3:1 v/v). Scale bars: 50 µm.
FIG. 6 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 6. — Distribution of Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.in Hungary before revision.
FIG. 10 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 10. — Distribution Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb.& C.F. Culb.in Hungary before revision.
FIG. 2. — A in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 2. — A detail of the chromatographic plate HPTLC nr 74/2014 developed in solvent system C presenting all species under UV 254 nm (A), and sprayed with water (B). Specimens in positions A10-A17 are A10: C. olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (BP 21529), A11: C. monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (BP 85318), A12: C. olivetorum (BP 84893), A13: C. cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (BP 21538), A14: C. olivetorum (BP 22787), A15: C. monachorum (BP 45013), A16: C. olivetorum (BP 21508), A17: C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (BP 93416). Abbreviations of LSMs are according to Table 2.
FIG. 5 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 5. — Thalline lobes with marginal soralia of A, Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; B, C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; C, C. monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; and D, C. olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 1 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 1. — Differential morphological and chemical features in Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species: A, large, not raised pseudocyphellae on upper cortex of C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; B, small, raised pseudocyphellae on upper cortex of C. monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; C, brown lower cortex of C. cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. without rhizines; D, C+ reaction by NaOCl on marginal soralia of Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. Scale bars: 500 µm.
FIG. 13 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 13. — The number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species after revision in various parts of Hungary.
FIG. 3. — A in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 3. — A detail of the chromatographic plate TLC nr 1903 developed in solvent system C presenting C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. specimens under UV 254 nm (A), UV 366 nm (B) and sprayed with anisaldehyde/sulphuric acid (C). Specimens in positions 3-9 are: 3, from Page County, Virginia, United States (BP 75822); 4, from the Bükk Mts, Hungary (BP 71276); 5, from the Zemplén Mts, Hungary (BP 49905); 6, from Pocahontas County, West Virginia, United States (BP 91365); 7, from Ukraine (BP 44999); 8, from Romania (BP 85320); 9, from Poland (BP 21508). Abbreviations of LSMs are according to Table 2.
Fig. 2 in Revision of the lichen genus Myelochroa (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae) in Korea
Fig. 2. Myelochroa xantholepis (Mont. & Bosch) Elix & Hale (collected from India and determined by S. Kurokawa, H. Hara s.n., TNS), showing dichotomously and irregularly divided lobules along the lobe margins (arrows). Scale bar=5 mm.
A revision of Hypotrachyna subgenus Parmelinopsis (Parmeliaceae) in eastern North America
<p>A taxonomic revision of the <i>Hypotrachyna</i> subgenus <i>Parmelinopsis</i> in eastern North America is presented based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and mtSSU data, extensive field observation and analyses of chemical and morphological data. Each species is described, illustrated with photographs, and the distribution in the region is mapped. An identification key is also presented. Eleven species are recognized: <i>H. afrorevoluta, H. appalachensis, H. britannica, H. cryptochlora, H. horrescens, H. kauffmaniana, H. minarum, H. mcmulliniana, H. revoluta, H. showmanii </i>and<i> H. spumosa</i>. Extensive discussion of prior studies is provided, particularly with respect to the delimitation of <i>H. afrorevoluta</i> and <i>H. revoluta</i>. <i>Hypotrachyna kauffmaniana</i> is described from the central and southern Appalachian Mountains and separated from <i>H. afrorevoluta</i> and <i>H. revoluta</i> by its ascending secondary lobes and pustulose soralia that are primarily confined to the secondary lobes. <i>Hypotrachyna horrescens</i> is shown to correspond to a taxon with narrow lobed, <a>small thall</a>i with ciliate isidia. <i>Hypotrachyna mcmulliniana</i> is described from material collected throughout southeastern North America that is chemically identical to <i>H. horrescens</i> but differs in having <a>larger thalli </a>and sparsely ciliate isidia. <i>Hypotrachyna appalachensis </i>is described to accommodate material previously referred to <i>H. minarum </i>but that differs in the production of 4,5-di-O-methylhiascic acid in high concentrations (vs. absent or present as a trace in <i>H. minarum</i>). <i>Hypotrachyna britannica</i> is reported for the first time from North America.</p>
FIG. 12 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 12. — Altitudinal distribution of Cetrelia W.L.Culb.& C.F.Culb.species in Hungary.
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