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7 results for “Parotia”
Table 1 in Description of the unique Parotia lawesii x Paradisaea rudolphi hybrid Bird of Paradise (Aves: Passeriformes: Paradisaeidae)
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Measurements! of adult female specimens2 of Paradisaea <i>rudolphi margaritae, Parotia lawesii (exhibita) lawesii</i> and an immature female hybrid between these taxa from Papua New Guinea.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Taxon Collection #</th><th>WingTail length length</th><th>TarsusBill length length</th><th>Bill width</th></tr><tr><th><i>Paradisaea</i> <i>rudolphi margaritae</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>AMNH 348209 AMNH 705629 ZMH PI5 66.35 ZMH P15 66.36 PMNH 7576 <b>MEAN</b></th><td>148 90 146 94 146 88 145 91 147 86 146 90</td><td>37.9 36.6 36.6 39.5 38.8 37.9</td><td>40.5 39.0 38.4 40.8 40.5 39.8</td><td>9.0 8.6 9.2 8.5 9.1 8.9</td></tr><tr><th>Paradisaea r. margaritae Parotia I.</th><td><i>(exhibita) lawesii</i></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><b>HYBRID</b> AM O. 40100</th><td>146 93</td><td>39.6</td><td>37.3</td><td>7.2</td></tr><tr><th><i>Parotia lawesii (exhibita) lawesii</i></th></tr><tr><th>NHM 1939.12.9.1533 NHM 1939.12.9.1571 BBM 60084 AM O. 38564 PNGM 25866 <b>MEAN</b></th><td>143 93 147 99 143 97 147 95 144 94 145 96</td><td>46.0 46.6 45.4 45.9 46.4 46.1</td><td>31.7 32.8 33.2 29.0 31.6 31.7</td><td>5.8 5.8 5.5 6.5 5.4 5.8</td></tr></tbody></table><p>1 Wing length is the straightened, flattened, maximum length; tail length from point of entry of central pair into skin to tip of longest feather; tarsus from depression in the angle of intertarsal joint to distal end of tarsometatarsus; bill length from tip to union with anterior margin of skull and bill width at anterior nostril. Measurements in millimetres.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic status of Parotia berlepschi Kleinschmidt, 1897 based on analysis of external appearance, voice and behavior (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
FIGURE 6. Two courtship behaviors documented in P. berlepschi: (A) horizontal perch pivot, which involves the male adopting a rigid horizontal body posture, head and tail held up and flank plumes flared outward from the body so that the white portions form two semi-circular 'disks' that emanate from either side of the body while the body is pivoted side-to-side in a way that accentuates the white plumes; (B) leaf presentation, which is a modifier display that involves holding a yellow or light colored leaf in the bill while performing other displays. Derived from photos ML 48065351 and 48068531.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic status of Parotia berlepschi Kleinschmidt, 1897 based on analysis of external appearance, voice and behavior (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
FIGURE 5. Spectrograms of advertisement vocalizations of P. berlepschi (A, B) compared with those from two geographically varying populations within the P. carolae group (C, D). P. berlepschi has two primary advertisement vocalizations: (A) a shrill two-note form reminiscent of a squeaky toy and (B) a shrill four-note, slightly ascending whinny. In comparison, P. carolae from Mt. Stolle (C) gives a powerfully whistled three-note advertisement vocalization, and P. carolae from Crater Mountain (D) gives a single frantic quavering whistle-note. Spectrograms C and D are modified from Scholes (2006).
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic status of Parotia berlepschi Kleinschmidt, 1897 based on analysis of external appearance, voice and behavior (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
FIGURE 3. Forehead, facial, and crown appearance of P. berlepschi specimen MZB 30.666 (A–C) compared to P. carolae specimen AMNH 302376. Notable characters differentiating P. berlepschi from P. carolae include the all black loral feathering on the frontal crest of P. berlepschi (A, C) versus the extensively white-tipped loral feathering of P. carolae (D, F); the narrow coppery-bronze stripe from above the eye to the crown of P. berlepschi (A) versus the more extensive, crescent shaped, coppery facial markings in front of the eye of P. carolae; the darker malar, cheek and throat, including the "whiskers" of P. berlepschi (B) compared to the straw-colored appearance of the same feathering in P. carolae (D, E). Note the appearance of the frontal crest in the "open" position (C, F).
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic status of Parotia berlepschi Kleinschmidt, 1897 based on analysis of external appearance, voice and behavior (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
FIGURE 4. Female facial markings and eye color of (A) P. berlepschi and (B) P. carolae. The forehead of P. berlepschi has more extensive white in the middle, which extends almost to the fore-crown; the brown loral patch is also more extensive with less white near the base of the upper mandible; and the supercilium extends further back onto the nape and is whiter than in P. carolae. Eye color of female-plumaged P. berlepschi is pale grey-blue (A) versus yellow in P. carolae (B). Note: the difference in tint between the two photos is largely due to differing white balance and flash settings, which make the plumage of the P. carolae image look more "warm" (orange) than the P. berlepschi image which is shifted slightly toward the "cooler" (blue) end. Image (A) is of a bird in the hand taken by BB. Image (B) is modified from photo ML 48068781.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic status of Parotia berlepschi Kleinschmidt, 1897 based on analysis of external appearance, voice and behavior (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
FIGURE 2. Forehead, facial, crown and nape appearance of living P. berlepschi (A–D) as compared to living P. carolae (E–H). Notable characters that differentiate P. berlepschi from P. carolae include the all-black loral feathering on the frontal crest of P. berlepschi (A–C) versus the extensively white-tipped loral feathering of P. carolae (E–H); the eye-to-crown "tiara" of P. berlepschi (B, C) versus the more extensive coppery facial markings in front of and surrounding the eye of P. carolae; the darker malar, cheek and throat of P. berlepschi (A, B) versus the much lighter straw colored appearance of P. carolae (F); the almost nonexistent coppery-bronze hind crown patch of P. berlepschi (C) versus the extensive one visible at all times on the crown of P. carolae (G); the grey-blue eye color of P. berlepschi (A, B) versus the bright lemon yellow of P. carolae (E, F) and the rich bronzy sheen on the nape and upper mantle of P. berlepschi (D) compared to the black nape of P. carolae (H). Plates derived from photos ML 48065581 (A), 48065591 (B), 48065601 (C), 48065621 (D), 48068971 (E), 48068791 (F), 48068861 (G) and 48152301 (H).
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic status of Parotia berlepschi Kleinschmidt, 1897 based on analysis of external appearance, voice and behavior (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
FIGURE 1. Parotia-specific plumage ornaments referenced herein: (A) frontal crest, (A1) loral tufts, (A2) supranarial tufts and (A3) forehead tufts, (B) crown patch, (C) throat "whiskers", and (D) mantle cape. Modified from Scholes (2006), which was modified from Frith & Beehler (1998) and Schodde & McKean (1973).
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