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4 results for “Paul Lake”
Modeling the effects of lake morphology on chloride retention and salt-driven stratification in two urban lakes in St. Paul, MN
Road salt inputs have caused widespread salinization of urban lakes in northern temperate regions. Watershed characteristics are known to be important drivers of lake chloride concentrations, but there has been less focus on how lake morphometry influences seasonal and interannual dynamics in lake chloride, and how these chloride levels may alter mixing in the water column. We analyzed chloride retention for two urban lakes (Como Lake and Lake McCarrons) in Saint Paul, Minnesota, that are in adjacent watersheds and have similar surface areas, but differ in depth and water residence time. Summer chloride concentrations were negatively related to total summer precipitation for Como Lake (maximum depth 2.2 m), but the relationship was less strong for Lake McCarrons (maximum depth 7.6 m). We used a zero-dimensional model to simulate chloride dynamics in both lakes and tracked the fate of chloride over time. In Como Lake, the mass of chloride in the lake turns over within three years, whereas chloride inputs are retained for >10 years in Lake McCarrons. We then used a one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model (GLM-AED) to examine how lake depth affects how current chloride loading rates alter lake mixing. Salt inputs significantly extended the duration of summer stratification for simulated lakes with depths of 8 m or more, and salt inputs increased the number of days of hypoxia and anoxia across all depths. These results underscore the importance of considering lake morphometry in understanding the effects of salt inputs on lake ecosystems.
Cascade project at North Temperate Lakes LTER - Daily data for key variables in whole lake experiments on early warnings of critical transitions, Paul and Peter Lakes, 2008-2011
Peter Lake's food web was altered by adding largemouth bass at a slow rate while monitoring key food web constituents including littoral minnow abundance indexed as catch per trap per hour, zooplankton biomass, and concentration of chlorophyll a. Paul Lake was manipulated and the same variables were measured there. In Peter Lake, we expected littoral catch of minnows to first increase as minnows moved into the littoral zone due to the threat of bass predation and then decrease due to bass predation. We expected zooplankton biomass to increase as minnows moved into the littoral zone. We expected chlorophyll to decrease due to increased grazing by zooplankton. We expected that variance and autocorrelation of chlorophyll would increase as the food web passed a critical transition. We expected that the time series in Paul Lake would represent the normal variability of an unmanipulated lake
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Lakes Surface Water Quality Characteristics
Urban lakes are heavily impacted by human activities and climate variability, and they provide many ecosystem services to residents. The MSP LTER program is studying long term changes in urban lake water quality, ecology and management as part of our long term studies of urban environments. The goal of this dataset is to understand how land-use change, management, and climate have impacted urban lake biogeochemistry over time. This dataset includes parameters characterizing the long term (> 5 years) surface water quality and chemistry of 294 lakes and ponds in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Seven County Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA. The dataset draws from data publicly available through the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and data provided by individual agencies, park districts and cities. The dataset is distinct from other lake datasets because it is curated to only report a single value per lake x date x parameter, minimizing the amount of data manipulation needed before use in statistical analyses. All data come from the top two meters of the water column. In the case of multiple spatial measurements on a single lake or multiple agencies sampling the same lake on the same day, chemistry data were averaged to generate a single value. For Secchi data, the deepest reported observation on a given lake x date was used. Parameters: total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, nitrate + nitrite (NOx), ammonium, chlorophyll a (corrected and not corrected for pheophytin), specific conductivity, chloride, and Secchi depth. These waterbodies are identified by their DNR Division of Water (DOW) number with minor alterations for subbasin identification. This dataset does not comprehensively represent all lentic waterbodies that have substantial water quality data in the metro area, and some included waterbodies may be considered wetlands according to state classifications. The data brought together in this database has undergone QAQC by the
Paul Lake (MI): long-term reference lake in Cascade Project, 1984-2007
Lake data were obtained from Stephen Carpenter and from the long-term study of lakes at the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC) known informally as the “Cascade Project.” This project has resulted in multiple publications, including Carpenter & Kitchell’s 1993 book “The Trophic Cascade in Lakes.” Chapter 2 of this book has descriptive information about the study site. Routine sampling occurred weekly-monthly during summer months, with a few rare inclusions outside of the May-Aug period. Samples were collected from a fixed transect in the lake. Sampling frequency and variables that were measured/reported vary from year to year as a function of the specific focus of the active grant at the time (and budgetary constraints). Samples were collected either at the surface (reported as 0 m) or were integrated samples for the epilimnion (referred to as PML, or pool mixed layer by this group) with water collected using a Van Dorn bottle from 0, 1, and 2 m (usually-or from top, middle, and bottom of mixed layer) and pooling equal volumes of water from these three depths.
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