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13 results for “Peat moss”
More is not always better: Peat moss mixtures slightly enhance peatland stability
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Species-poor peatlands challenge biodiversity–ecosystem function theory, which generally links high species diversity to stable ecosystem functions. An open question in ecosystem ecology is whether assemblages of naturally co-occurring peat mosses contribute to the stability of peatland ecosystem processes. We used a replacement series mesocosm experiment with mixtures of <em>Sphagnum cuspidatum</em> and <em>S. medium</em> to assess resistance, resilience, and recovery rates of net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange (NEE) under a mild and a deep water table drawdown event. Our results show a positive effect of mild water table drawdown on NEE with no apparent role for the composition of the peat moss assemblage. Our study indicates that the carbon uptake capacity by peat moss assemblages is rather resilient to mild water table drawdown, but seriously affected by deeper drought conditions. Co-occurring peat moss species seem to enhance the resilience of the carbon uptake function – i.e. </span><span>ability of NEE to return to pre-perturbation levels – of peat moss mixtures only slightly. These findings suggest that assemblages of co-occurring <em>Sphagnum</em> moss species do only marginally contribute to the stability of ecosystem functions in peatlands under drought conditions. We did find increased recovery with a larger share of <em>S. cuspidatum</em> in the mixtures, aiding in the ecosystem's role as carbon sink. Above all, our results highlight that predicted severe droughts can gravely affect the sink capacity of peatlands, with only a small extenuating role for peat moss mixtures.</span></p>
A deepened water table increases the vulnerability of peat mosses to periodic drought
<p>Here we address the combined impact of multiple stressors that are becoming more common with climate change. To study the combined effects of a lower water table (WT) and increased frequency of drought periods on the resistance and resilience of peatlands, we conducted a mesocosm experiment. This study evaluated how the photosynthesis of lawn Sphagnum mosses responds to and recovers from an experimental periodic drought after exposure to the stresses of a deep or deepened WT (naturally dry and 17-year-long water level drawdown in fen and bog environments. We aimed to quantify if deep WTs 1) support acclimation to drought, or 2) increase the base-level physiological stress of mosses, or 3) exacerbate the impact of periodic drought. There was no evidence of acclimation in mosses from drier environments; periodic drought decreased the photosynthesis of all Sphagnum mosses. Water level drawdown decreased the photosynthesis of bog-originating mosses before periodic drought, indicating that these mosses were stressed by the hydrological change. Deep WTs exacerbated Sphagnum vulnerability to periodic drought, indicating that the combination of drying habitats and increasing frequency of periodic drought will lead to a rapid transition in lawn vegetation. Water-retaining traits may increase Sphagnum resilience to periodic drought. Large capitula size was associated with a higher resistance; the bog-originating species studied here lacked large capitula or dense carpet structure and were more vulnerable to drought than the larger fen-originating species. Consequently, lawns in bogs may become threatened. Recovery after rewetting was significant for all mosses, but none completely recovered within three weeks. The most drought-resilient species had fen origin, indicating that fens are less likely to undergo a sudden transition due to periodic drought.</p> <p><strong>Synthesis:</strong> Water level drawdown associated with climate change increases the sensitivity of Sphagnum mosses to periods of drought and moves them closer to their tipping point as species on the edge of their ecological envelope rapidly shut down photosynthesis and recover poorly.</p>
Assessing moss transplant methods to enhance Sphagnum moss recovery in post-wildfire hydrophobic peat
<p><strong>Wildfire is the dominant disturbance in northern peatlands and can release large quantities of carbon to the atmosphere through combustion. Post-fire peat hydrophobicity can inhibit moss regeneration, thereby decreasing the potential for post-fire carbon sequestration. To investigate how to enhance post-fire recovery we assessed two moss restoration methods (plugs and fragments) in an Alberta poor fen two and three years following wildfire. P<strong>ost-fire peat hydrophobicity and moss regeneration was characterized in four surface cover types: Severely Burned Feather moss hollows (SB-F), Severely Burned Sphagnum fuscum hummocks (SB-S), Lightly Burned S. fuscum hummocks (LB-S), and Lightly Burned Feather moss lawns (LB-F). We then <strong>conducted experiments testing the success of moss plugs and fragments of varying moss species at LB-F and SB-F surface covers, which had high hydrophobicity and low post-fire moss recovery.</strong></strong></strong></p>
A deepened water table increases the vulnerability of peat mosses to periodic drought
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More is not always better: Peat moss mixtures slightly enhance peatland stability
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Data from: The effects of quantitative fecundity in the haploid stage on reproductive success and diploid fitness in the aquatic peat moss Sphagnum macrophyllum
A major question in evolutionary biology is how mating patterns affect the fitness of offspring. However, in animals and seed plants it is virtually impossible to investigate the effects of specific gamete genotypes. In bryophytes, haploid gametophytes grow via clonal propagation and produce millions of genetically identical gametes throughout a population. The main goal of this research was to test whether gamete identity has an effect on the fitness of their diploid offspring in a population of the aquatic peat moss Sphagnum macrophyllum. We observed a heavily male-biased sex ratio in gametophyte plants (ramets) and in multilocus microsatellite genotypes (genets). There was a steeper relationship between mating success (number of different haploid mates) and fecundity (number of diploid offspring) for male genets compared with female genets. At the sporophyte level, we observed a weak effect of inbreeding on offspring fitness, but no effect of brood size (number of sporophytes per maternal ramet). Instead, the identities of the haploid male and haploid female parents were significant contributors to variance in fitness of sporophyte offspring in the population. Our results suggest that intrasexual gametophyte/gamete competition may play a role in determining mating success in this population.
Data from: Scaling functional traits to ecosystem processes: towards a mechanistic understanding in peat mosses
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Data from: Functional trait evolution in Sphagnum peat mosses and its relationship to niche construction
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Data from: Genetic diversity, sexual condition, and microhabitat preference determine mating patterns in Sphagnum (Sphagnaceae) peat-mosses.
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Data from: The effects of quantitative fecundity in the haploid stage on reproductive success and diploid fitness in the aquatic peat moss Sphagnum macrophyllum
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Data from: Evolution of niche preference in Sphagnum peat mosses
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Data from: Long distance dispersal and genetic structure of natural populations: an assessment of the inverse isolation hypothesis in peat mosses
It is well accepted that the shape of the dispersal kernel, especially its tail, has a substantial effect on the genetic structure of species. Theory predicts that dispersal by fat-tailed kernels reshuffles genetic material and thus preserves genetic diversity during colonization. Moreover, if efficient long distance dispersal is coupled with random colonization, an inverse isolation effect is predicted to develop in which increasing genetic diversity per colonizer is expected with increasing distance from a genetically variable source. By contrast, increasing isolation leads to decreasing genetic diversity when dispersal is via thin-tailed kernels. Here we use a well-established model group for dispersal biology (peat mosses: genus Sphagnum) with a fat-tailed dispersal kernel, and the natural laboratory of the Stockholm archipelago to study the validity of the inverse isolation hypothesis in spore-dispersed plants in island colonization. Population genetic structure of three species (S. fallax, S. fimbriatum and S. palustre) with contrasting life histories and ploidy levels were investigated on a set of islands using microsatellites. Our data show (φ'st, AMOVA, IBD) that dispersal of the two most abundant species can be well approximated by a random colonization model. We find that genetic diversity per colonizer on islands increases with distance from the mainland for S. fallax and S. fimbriatum. By contrast, S. palustre deviates from this pattern, owing to its restricted distribution in the region affecting its source pool strength. Therefore, the inverse isolation effect appears to hold in natural populations of peat mosses and, likely, in other organisms with small diaspores.
Data from: Long distance dispersal and genetic structure of natural populations: an assessment of the inverse isolation hypothesis in peat mosses
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