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307 results for “Peatland”
Development and Expansion of Peatlands in Central New England from 14000 BP to Present
As peatlands form they create a temporal archive of community development, allowing the reconstruction of vegetation dynamics through the analysis of sediments and the development of detailed chronologies of successional change. Peatland formation occurs through two mechanisms: (i) terrestrialization, when a water body fills with sediments and peat; and (ii) paludification, the conversion of dry land to peatland. In temperate regions, where high summer temperatures may limit peat accumulation, general models of peatland development suggest that allogenic factors such as climate change control peatland development and that terrestrialization is the primary mechanism of formation. This study evaluates this widely accepted model by comparing the developmental histories of three peatlands within the same climate region in New England in order to: (i) describe the development and timing of successional events among peatlands; (ii) document the roles of paludification and terrestrialization as developmental mechanisms; and (iii) evaluate the importance of climate change vs. autogenic factors in peatland development in this temperate region. Basin morphometry, sediment stratigraphies, and chronologies of community change determined through radiocarbon dating indicate that peatland development at each site involved terrestrialization followed by paludification, with no apparent influence of broad-scale climate change on the timing of these processes. Paludification was consistently initiated coincident with the consolidation of a shrub mat across each lake-basin, and was controlled in extent and rate by the topography of the adjoining uplands. The timing of stratigraphic changes varied among sites, suggesting that autogenic factors associated with the accumulation of peat rather than regional climate change controlled development. These results provide the foundation for a model of temperate peatland development driven by autogenic factors and caution against the use of tem
Dataset on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal undrained peatlands in Finland, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) and Geological Survey of Finland (GTK)
<p><strong>Dataset on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal undrained peatlands in Finland </strong></p><p><strong>Creators: </strong>Larmola T, Anttila J, Turunen J, Laine-Petäjäkangas A, Ovaskainen J, Laatikainen M </p><p>The dataset consists of peat properties in a subset of 16 undrained peatland sites (32 peat samples) in Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) national peatland inventory. These sites were sampled between 2002 and 2017 and the subset selected from GTK peat sample archives. These 16 sites represented two pine-<i>Sphagnum-</i> dominated site types (IR, KR) and two treeless sedge fen types (VSN, RhSN) all in 4 replicates and sampled in 2 depths 20-40, 40-60cm). </p><p><strong>Peat analyses</strong> The peat samples were analyzed for C:H:N:S and ash concentration with Leco 628 CHNS analyzer following standard SFS EN13039 with FINAS accredited adjustments JOK3023. The dry matter content was analyzed after drying the sample at 105 ℃ and ash content based on loss on ignition at 550 ℃. The O concentration was determined by difference: %O = 100 - % (ash + total C + N + H + S).</p><p><strong>Stoichiometric calculations</strong>The O concentration was determined by difference: %O = 100 - % (ash + total C + N + H + S). Atomic ratios of C:N, H:C and O:C were calculated based on the individual sample mass values. The C oxidation state (Cox), the oxidative ratio (OR), and the degree of unsaturation (DU) were calculated following equations in the study by Masiello et al. (2008). The analyses are described in more detail in Turunen et al. (manuscript). </p><p>Related datasets used in the same publication are:</p><p>Larmola T, Anttila J, Alm J Dataset on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal forestry-drained peatlands in Finland</p><p>Turunen J. (2023). Surface peat data, Geological Survey of Finland (Version 1) [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.8434148&data=05%7C01%7Cluke.tuula.larmola%40valtion.mail.onmicrosoft.com%7Cc48ffad4c0e341d0fa5808dbcaff0289%7C7c14dfa4c0fc47259f0476a443deb095%7C0%7C0%7C638326968887189768%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=AyYOxR7Mas2ef8y3wI7oCrzHWSyqBzt%2FJB0CMN%2BJUiU%3D&reserved=0">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8434148</a></p><p> </p><p><strong>Data column description </strong></p><p>ID - Site identifier</p><p>site - undrained peatland (UDP) for all rows</p><p>ncoord - North coordinate (latitude), degrees.</p><p>depth - Sampling depth. 20: 0-20 cm, 40: 20-40cm, 60: 40-60cm.</p><p>type - Site type classification according to the Finnish peatland site type system.</p><p>origin - UDP site type. I: treed peatland (peat typically Sphagnum-wood), II: treeless peatland (or sparsely treed, peat typically Sphagnum-sedge)</p><p>type_num - Nutrient level according to site type. 1 is the most nutrient rich and 4 is the least.</p><p>Cmol - Molar carbon concentration in the sample</p><p>Hmol - Molar hydrogen concentration in the sample</p><p>Nmol - Molar nitrogen concentration in the sample</p><p>Omol - Molar oxygen concentration in the sample</p><p>Smol - Molar sulphur concentration in the sample</p><p>bd - Bulk density, kg/m3</p><p>cox - C oxidation state</p><p>or - Oxidative ratio</p><p>du - Degree of unsaturation</p><p>hc - H:C ratio</p><p>cn - C:N ratio</p><p>oc - O:C ratio</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Masiello CA, Gallagher ME, Randerson JT, Deco RM, Chadwick OA (2008) Evaluating two experimental approaches for measuring ecosystem carbon oxidation state and oxidative ratio, Journal of Geophysical Research 113, G03010, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000534">https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000534</a></p><p>Turunen J, Anttila J, Laine-Petäjäkangas A, Ovaskainen J, Laatikainen M, Alm J, Larmola T 2023. Impacts of forestry drainage on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal peatlands in Finland. <i>manuscript.</i></p>
Dataset on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal forestry-drained peatlands in Finland, Natural Resources Institute Finland
<p><strong>Dataset on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal forestry-drained peatlands in Finland</strong></p><p><strong>Creators: Larmola T, Anttila J, Alm J </strong></p><p>The dataset consists of peat properties in a subsample of 30 drained peatland forests in Finland selected from the permanent sample plots of the 8th National Forest Inventory (systematic sample of plots on drained peatland forests, e.g., Hotanen et al. 2006). The subsample included equally different site types of forestry-drained peatlands of those parts of Finland where drainage for forestry is economically viable (Latitude 60-66 ºN, annual temperature sum > 750 dd). </p><p><strong>The site selection criteria</strong> were average peat layer thickness of over 20 cm, no clear-cut areas, site drained before 1995 and ditching had detectably altered hydrology or vegetation. <strong>Peat analyses</strong> Finnish Forest Research Institute (now Natural Resources Institute Finland) sampled peat cores with a box corer in 2002, samples were analysed for bulk density, archived and remaining samples at depths 20-30, 30-40 cm (total of 58) were analysed in 2021. The peat samples were analyzed for C:H:N:S and ash concentration with Leco 628 CHNS analyzer following standard SFS EN13039 with FINAS accredited adjustments JOK3023. The dry matter content was analyzed after drying the sample at 105 ℃ and ash content based on loss on ignition at 550 ℃. </p><p><strong>Stoichiometric calculations</strong>The O concentration was determined by difference: %O = 100 - % (ash + total C + N + H + S). Atomic ratios of C:N, H:C and O:C were calculated based on the individual sample mass values. The C oxidation state (Cox), the oxidative ratio (OR), and the degree of unsaturation (DU) were calculated following equations in the study by Masiello et al. (2008). The analyses are described in more detail in Turunen et al. (manuscript). </p><p>Related datasets used in the same publication are:</p><p>Larmola, T. Anttila J, Turunen J, Laine-Petäjäkangas A, Ovaskainen J, Laatikainen M Dataset on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal undrained peatlands in Finland, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Version 1) [Dataset]. Zenodo. doi.org/<strong>10.5281/zenodo.10068486</strong></p><p>Turunen J. (2023). Surface peat data, Geological Survey of Finland (Version 1) [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.8434148&data=05%7C01%7Cluke.tuula.larmola%40valtion.mail.onmicrosoft.com%7Cc48ffad4c0e341d0fa5808dbcaff0289%7C7c14dfa4c0fc47259f0476a443deb095%7C0%7C0%7C638326968887189768%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=AyYOxR7Mas2ef8y3wI7oCrzHWSyqBzt%2FJB0CMN%2BJUiU%3D&reserved=0">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8434148</a></p><p> </p><p><strong>Data column description</strong></p><p>ID - Site identifier</p><p>site - Forestry-drained peatland (FDP) for all rows</p><p>ncoord - North coordinate (latitude), degrees.</p><p>depth - Sampling depth. 30: 20-30 cm, 40: 30-40cm, avg: average of both depths.</p><p>type - Site type classification according to the Finnish peatland site type system.</p><p>origin – Origin of the FDP site type at undrained state. I: treed peatland (peat typically Sphagnum-wood), II: treeless peatland (or sparsely treed, peat typically Sphagnum-sedge)</p><p>type_num - Nutrient level according to site type. 1 is the most nutrient rich and 4 is the least.</p><p>Cmol - Molar carbon concentration in the sample</p><p>Hmol - Molar hydrogen concentration in the sample</p><p>Nmol - Molar nitrogen concentration in the sample</p><p>Omol - Molar oxygen concentration in the sample</p><p>Smol - Molar sulphur concentration in the sample</p><p>bd - Bulk density, kg/m3</p><p>cox - C oxidation state</p><p>or - Oxidative ratio</p><p>du - Degree of unsaturation</p><p>hc - H:C ratio</p><p>cn - C:N ratio</p><p>oc - O:C ratio</p><p>n - Number of samples. 2 for averages from both depths, 1 for all other rows.</p><p> </p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Hotanen JP, Maltamo M, Reinikainen A (2006) Canopy stratification in peatland forests in Finland. Silva Fennica 40:53–82.</p><p>Masiello CA, Gallagher ME, Randerson JT, Deco RM, Chadwick OA (2008) Evaluating two experimental approaches for measuring ecosystem carbon oxidation state and oxidative ratio, Journal of Geophysical Research 113, G03010, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000534">https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000534</a></p><p>Turunen J, Anttila J, Laine-Petäjäkangas A, Ovaskainen J, Laatikainen M, Alm J, Larmola T 2023. Impacts of forestry drainage on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal peatlands in Finland. <i>manuscript.</i></p><p> </p>
Peat characteristics, microbial PLFA, and fungal and actinobacterial sequences from Lakkasuo peatland drainage experiment, year 2004
<p>We analysed the response of microbial communities, characterized by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and fungal and actinobacterial communities, characterized by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting and direct sequencing, to changing hydrological conditions at three different sites in the boreal peatland complex Lakkasuo in southern Finland. Additionally, several peat characteristics were measured. The experimental design involved undrained controls as well as short-term (3 years) and long-term (43 years) water-level drawdown. The sites were, in their undrained state, a herb-rich sedge fen, a sedge fen, and a bog with hummock-lawn-hollow microtopography.</p> <p>Codes are explained in the Notes sheets of the Excel files. The contents of the csv files are identical to the corresponding Excel file data sheets.</p> <p>Please check the decimal separator! Comma is used in Finland, and that may have been carried over. All commas in data columns are decimal separators.</p>
Marcell Experimental Forest 30-minute water table elevation and temperature from transects of wells in the S2 and S6 peatlands, 2018-ongoing
This data publication contains 30-minute water table elevation and temperature data collected along bog to lagg transects within two watersheds at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Itasca County, Minnesota. The bog to lagg transects are located on the north and south sides of S2 and S6 peatlands and contain three surface water wells each. The water table elevations provide information to calculate the hydraulic gradients that drive flow to and from the bogs. The collection of these data was funded by the US Department of Energy. The research program at Marcell Experimental Forest is managed by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station.
Marcell Experimental Forest daily peatland water table elevation, 1961 - ongoing
This data publication contains daily water table elevation data collected from 1961-ongoing at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Itasca County, Minnesota, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. The data come from seven peatlands instrumented for hydrologic monitoring.
PEATCLSM(Tb): A land surface data assimilation product for peatlands using PEATCLSM and brightness temperature (Tb) satellite observations (Northern Hemisphere output)
<p>The datasets archived here include simulation results shown in the paper, “Improved Groundwater Table and L-band Brightness Temperature Estimates for Northern Hemisphere Peatlands Using New Model Physics and SMOS Observations in a Global Data Assimilation Framework”, published in Remote Sensing of Environment Journal (Bechtold et al., 2020). The output was produced by combining peatland-specific land surface modeling (Bechtold et al., 2019b) embedded in the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) with L-band brightness temperature (Tb) observations (SMOS), applying the data assimilation framework of the SMAP Level‐4 Soil Moisture product (Reichle et al., 2019). We provide netcdf files (9-km resolution EASEv2 grid, period Jan 2010 – Nov 2019, and between 45°N and 70°N, NE Asia excluded) of the four experiments of the manuscript: model-only (open-loop, OL) and data assimilation (DA) for each land model version, that is CLSM without and with the use of the PEATCLSM modules. The highest accuracy is provided by the DA product using PEATCLSM and Tb observations. When referring to the latter product use the name ‘PEATCLSM(Tb)’. We provide three types of netcdf files:<br> • daily_images_*.nc: Daily land states and fluxes (Table 1), provided as netCDF image-chunked image stack<br> • ObsFcstAna_images_*.nc: Brightness temperature observations, forecasts and analysis (Table 2), provided as netCDF image-chunked image stack<br> • incr_timeseries_*.nc: Data assimilation increments (Table 3), provided as netCDF timeseries-chunked image stack</p> <p>The file content is described in the file PEATCLSM_Tb_Documentation_20200505.pdf</p> <p>Please contact Michel Bechtold (michel.bechtold@kuleuven.be) for any questions.</p> <p>Data usage statement:<br> This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/<br> If you decide to work with this data, we kindly ask to be informed at the outset of the nature of this work. If the data are essential to the work, or if an important result or conclusion depends on the PEATCLSM(Tb) data product, we would appreciate that you discuss these findings with us to ensure correct use and interpretation of the PEATCLSM(Tb) product. Furthermore, we are continuously improving the data assimilation product, a discussion of your work at an early stage may (i) help us to improve our product, and (ii) allow us to provide you with a newer version. Thanks!</p> <p>References:</p> <p>Bechtold, M., De Lannoy, G. J. M., Reichle, R. H., & Koster, R. D. (2019a). PEAT-CLSM simulation output (Northern Peatlands) version 1. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/E58YM</p> <p>Bechtold, M. et al. (2019b). PEAT‐CLSM: A Specific Treatment of Peatland Hydrology in the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model. <em>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</em>, <em>11</em>(7), 2130–2162. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001574</p> <p>Bechtold, M., De Lannoy, G. J. M., Reichle, R. H., Roose, D., Balliston, N., Burdun, I., Devito, K., Kurbatova, J., Strack, M., & Zarov, E. A. (2020). Improved Groundwater Table and L-band Brightness Temperature Estimates for Northern Hemisphere Peatlands Using New Model Physics and SMOS Observations in a Global Data Assimilation Framework. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111805</p> <p>Reichle, R. H., Liu, Q., Koster, R. D., Crow, W. T., De Lannoy, G. J. M., Kimball, J. S., Ardizzone, J. V., Bosch, D., Colliander, A., Cosh, M., Kolassa, J., Mahanama, S. P., Prueger, J., Starks, P., & Walker, J. P. (2019). Version 4 of the SMAP Level-4 Soil Moisture Algorithm and Data Product. <em>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</em>, <em>11</em>(10), 3106–3130. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001729</p>
Dataset: Volatile organic compound fluxes in a subarctic peatland and lake
<p>Dataset used in the article "Volatile organic compound fluxes in a subarctic peatland and lake" published in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20: 13399–13416 (2020) <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13399-2020">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13399-2020</a> .</p> <p>The tab-delimited file contains direct surface-atmosphere Volatile Organic Compound fluxes, measured by Eddy Covariance with a Proton Transfer Reaction -Time of Flight- Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) at a subarctic fen and a subarctic lake during 2018. It also contains PAR Photosynthetic Active Radiation, air temperature, and vegetation surface temperature.</p>
Modelling pan-Arctic peatland carbon dynamics under alternative warming scenarios
<p>The purpose of this study is to simulate peatland carbon dynamics in the future climate conditions for four major future warming scenarios. The study examines whether less pronounced warming could further enhance the peatland carbon sink capacity and buffer the effects of climate change. It will also determine which trajectory peatland carbon balance will follow, what the main drivers are and which one will dominate in the future.</p> <p>In this study, LPJGUESS Peatland has been employed across the pan-Arctic and we carried out four sets of simulations. The data files contain the information about carbon accumulation, NEE, NPP and ice fraction.</p>
Global peatland, bare rock and bare sand extent at 100 m to 1 km spatial resolution based on multisource data
<p>Ensemble estimate of the global distribution of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland">peatlands</a> / extent (<strong>peatland.extent_wri.gfw.peatgrids_p</strong>). This is a simple average from three (3) sources of data:</p> <ol> <li><a href="https://data.globalforestwatch.org/datasets/gfw::global-peatlands/about">WRI Global Peatlands extent map</a> at 30-m (250-m effective);</li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12559238">PEATGRIDS</a> at 1-km;</li> <li><a href="https://globalpeatlands.org/new-online-global-peatland-map-asian-peatlands-story-map-presenting-best-peatlands-mapping">Global Peatlands Map 2.0</a> produced by the Global Peatlands Initiative;</li> </ol> <p>The average between the three sources is an extent map with value 0–100%. The refence period is 2000–2020, although probably most of data is based on pre 2010. For more details about the source data please refer to the cited references below.</p> <p>Bare rock and bare sand estimates are based on the following two sources of data:</p> <ol> <li><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/global-dynamic-land-cover">Copernicus GLC land cover</a> at 100-m for 2015 and 2019;</li> <li><a href="https://lcz-generator.rub.de/global-lcz-map">Local Climate zones</a> map at 100-m for 2018;</li> </ol> <p>Two classes are considered: (1) probability of occurrence of bare rock (<strong>bare.rock_glc.gfz_p</strong>), (2) probability of occurrence of bare sand i.e. shifting sand (<strong>bare.soil.sand_glc.gfz_p</strong>). We recommend using only the 1-km data for spatial modeling.</p> <p>The time-series of bare areas (<strong>bare.areas_esa.cci_p</strong>) are based on the <a href="https://climate.esa.int/en/odp/#/project/land-cover">ESA CCI Land Cover time-series</a> (2000–2022) 300-m resolution data; also available at 1-km resolution based on "average" resampling. </p>
4.5 years of peatland forest N2O flux data data measured using automatic chambers
<p>The data contains daily mean N2O fluxes and supporting environmental data from June 2015 to September 2019. The measurement site is Lettosuo peatland forest (ICOS associate site, FI-Let) located in Tammela, Finland. The site is nutrient-rich and drained for forestry in 1969. Light selection harvest was done at the automatic chamber location in March 2016. Six automatic chambers operated year-round and each chamber measured N2O flux once in an hour. Environmental variables were measured close to the automatic chambers or in the nearest automatic weather station. For more information about the site and automatic chamber system, see Koskinen et al., (2014) and Korkiakoski et al. (2017, 2020).</p>
Effect of Restoration on Physical and Chemical Peat Properties in Previously Drained Boreal Peatlands, latitude 57-63, Sweden, 2021
The major objective behind peatland restoration is to improve ecosystem services, such as increased biodiversity, increased carbon sequestration, increased groundwater storage, and improved surface water quality. However, a century or more of drained conditions has drastically changed the soil properties in relation to natural wetlands and this is likely to profoundly influence the potential for various biogeochemical peat processes. Thus, peatland restoration may result in undesired impacts and potential environmental threats. Two such undesired effects are increased methane production and increased mercury methylation. In this study, we investigated how nine boreal peatlands across a latitudinal gradient in Sweden have been affected by rewetting after up to a century of drained conditions. Each peatland was sampled for three 50 cm deep peat cores that were analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, δ13C, δ15N, bulk density, and organic matter proportion. Adjacent to each restored peatland, we sampled a corresponding pristine (natural) peatland to facilitate a comparison of how the peat properties have been affected by drainage and subsequent rewetting of the peatlands. Groundwater depth was monitored at all peatland locations to confirm restored conditions at the rewetted peatlands. The results indicate that a long period of drained conditions and subsequent rewetting have changed the peat properties, with differences shown in C/N ratio, dry bulk density, and organic matter content. Rewetting will thus not regenerate a pristine environment. Instead, it creates new conditions to which various biogeochemical processes will respond and these do not necessarily represent conditions prior to disturbance. Our study will provide background information to understand the biogeochemical dynamics in peatlands after restoration, especially since the study covers a large span of nutrient conditions and catchment settings. This understanding will be fundamental for the development of strat
Long-term monitoring of peatlands located near oil sands mining activities surrounding Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada (2009-Present)
Oil sands mining activities in the Fort McMurray region of Alberta, Canada, have led to increased atmospherically deposited nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S), with N steadily increasing over time and S peaking in 2009, then decreasing with the installation of scrubbers on upgrader stacks. Ecosystems (such as ombrotrophic bogs) near these mining activities see an increase to their depositional load. These peatlands are isolated from groundwater and receive inputs only from precipitation, making them uniquely susceptible to changing depositional scenarios. To evaluate the effect of oil sands development on bogs in this area, since 2009, we have collected and analyzed porewater (pH, conductivity, NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - -N, SO 4 2- -S, and total dissolved N), N and S as represented in extractions of ion exchange resin precipitation collectors (NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - -N, SO 4 2- -S), samples of new growth from the most dominant plant species (C, N, and S, with Ca, Mg, K, and P analyzed in later years), and have recorded annual growth of vegetation. For a majority of the years, we have sampled at least 3 times (June, July, and August). Some sites have burned and have been replaced by others, however, collections are on-going and data from these collections are uploaded as they are published.
Surface carbon, water and energy fluxes measured by eddy covariance at 3 sites within the Alaska Peatlands Experiment and Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest
These data are simultaneous and continuous measurements of carbon, water and energy fluxes of the terrestrial landscape. These fluxes are major regulatory drivers of the boreal climate system and form key linkages and feedbacks between the land surface, the atmosphere and the oceans. At the APEX project site, within Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, this monitoring is repeated across a chronosequence of permafrost degradation; the Black Spruce site is an area of stable permafrost with intact black spruce forest (APEX gamma site), the Thermokarst site is an active thermokarst zone with considerable tree mortality (APEX betaSW site), the Fen site is within a stable treeless fen with deep active layer depth (APEX apexcon,low, and ele sites). The main variables being monitored are the instananeous fluxes of CO2, water vapor and surface energy (shortwave, longwave and net radiation), secondary variables included photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air and soil temperatures, rainfall, snow depth, soil moisture content, wind direction and speed, and average atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and H2O through the year.
A long-term hydrometeorological observations from the Lammin-Suo peatland station
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>The Lammin-Suo peatland station is located near Ilichevo settlement in Vyborgskiy district, Leningrad region, Russia (60.243541 N, 29.815533 E) in a hilly area with numerous sandy hills up to 150 m high, followed by deep pans. The Lammin-Suo peatland are classified as raised bog, the most common type of bog in Eastern Fennoscandia. The research at the Lammin-Suo peatland station focuses on hydrology, meteorology, soil processes and the landscape evolution of the peatland. This dataset presents hydrological, hydrogeological, and meteorological data collected at the Lammin-Suo peatland station over the period from 1 January 1952 to 31 December 2020. Monitored parameters include air temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, cloudiness, precipitation, evaporation, snow depth, peat temperature, swamp water level, groundwater level and temperature.</p> <p><strong>File naming conventions</strong></p> <p><strong>observation-type_periodicity_start-end_[meteostation_number].csv</strong></p> <p><em>observation-type</em>: meteo / precipitation / peat-temp / swamp-freezing / evapotranspiration / water-discharge / swamp-water-level / surface-elevation / groundwater-level / groundwater-temp</p> <p><em>periodicity</em>: hourly / daily / 10d (<em>ten days</em>) / annual / 5y (<em>five years</em>)</p> <p><em>start-end</em>: time coverage of the dataset</p> <p><em>[meteostation_number]</em>: optional, encountered only in <em>meteo_….csv</em></p> <p>Observation types and file contents</p> <p><strong>1. Meteo</strong></p> <p><strong>1.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>Meteorological observations have been carried out daily since 1952 at two meteorological stations. Observed parameters include air temperature, wind speed, air humidity, cloudiness, snow depth (in winter). Daily data are measured once per day (snow thickness) or calculated from hourly data (air temperature). Hourly data are measured at 01:00, 07:00, 13:00, and 19:00.</p> <p>Measuring equipment:</p> <p>air temperature (hourly, mean) – thermometer TM-4;</p> <p>maximum air temperature – maximum thermometer TM-1;</p> <p>minimum air temperature – minimum thermometer TM-2;</p> <p>wind speed - meteorological mast М-82-I, weathervane FVT / FVL;</p> <p>partial water vapour pressure in the air – meteorological hair hygrometer M-19;</p> <p>atmospheric pressure - aneroid barometer MD-49-2;</p> <p>cloud cover is observed visually.</p> <p><strong>1.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>Meteorological Station WS1. Coordinates: 60,243361 N 29,815583 E; Data period: 1952-2020 (active); Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (genetic center of the swamp).</p> <p>Meteorological Station WS2. Coordinates: 60,246979 N 29,810368 E; Data period: 1952-1965 (closed); Located near the building of the swamp station, on a forest plot.</p> <p><strong>1.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>meteo_hourly_1952-2020_WS1.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S</p> <p>AIR_TEMP is the air temperature observed at a moment of time DATE_TIME (degree Celsius)</p> <p>WIND_SPEED is the wind speed observed at a moment of time DATE_TIME (m per s)</p> <p>AIR_HUMIDITY is the partial water vapour pressure in the air observed at a moment of time DATE_TIME (mb)</p> <p>CLOUDINESS_TOTAL is the cloud cover (ranged between 0 and 10)</p> <p>CLOUDINESS_LOWER is the cloud cover of low-level clouds (ranged between 0 and 10)</p> <p>ATMO_PRESSURE is the atmospheric pressure observed at a moment of time DATE_TIME (mb)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>meteo_hourly_1952-1965_WS2.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S</p> <p>AIR_TEMP is the air temperature observed at a moment of time DATE_TIME (degree Celsius)</p> <p>AIR_HUMIDITY is the partial water vapour pressure in the air observed at a moment of time DATE_TIME (mb)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>meteo_daily_1952-2020_WS1.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>MEAN_AIR_TEMP is the mean daily air temperature (degree Celsius)</p> <p>MAX_AIR_TEMP is the maximum observed daily air temperature (degree Celsius)</p> <p>MIN_AIR_TEMP is the minimum observed daily air temperature (degree Celsius)</p> <p>SNOW_THICKNESS (cm)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>meteo_daily_1952-1965_WS2.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>MEAN_AIR_TEMP is the mean daily air temperature (degree Celsius)</p> <p>MAX_AIR_TEMP is the maximum observed daily air temperature (degree Celsius)</p> <p>MIN_AIR_TEMP is the minimum observed daily air temperature (degree Celsius)</p> <p><strong>2. Precipitation</strong></p> <p><strong>2.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>Precipitation is measured once per day in winter (15:00) and twice per day in summer (9:00, 15:00). The precipitation data are given as a total daily amount. Precipitation type (solid or liquid) has been observed since 1964.</p> <p>Precipitation is measured with a Tretyakov non-recording precipitation gauge. Corrections of wetting have been introduced into the measured daily precipitation values . No wind corrections were made. Studies have shown that pine growing in a swamp around the meteorological site acts as a wind protection [Novikov S., Batyev V. Hydrometeorological regime and water balance of raised bogs of North-West Russia, 2019].</p> <p>The measurements were carried out on 7 rain gauges, 6 of them were installed in different parts of the swamp, P7 rain gauge - on a forest site near the swamp. For gauges P2-P6 precipitation measurements were carried out during the growing season only (from April/May to October).</p> <p><strong>2.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>Gauge P1. Coordinates: 60,243373 N 29,815466 E; Data period: 1952-2020 (active); Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (genetic center of the swamp).</p> <p>Gauge P2. Coordinates: 60.240412 N 29.808487 E; Data period: 1963-1976 (closed); Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood (southwest edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Gauge P3. Coordinates: 60.245829 N 29.82098 E; Data period: 1963-1976 (closed); Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (northwest edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Gauge P4. Coordinates: 60.235467 N 29.821103 E; Data period: 1963-1976 (closed); Vegetation: Sphagnum, sedge, inclusions of birch and pine (south edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Gauge P5. Coordinates: 60.24037 N 29.832438 E; Data period: 1963-1976 (closed); Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (southeastern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Gauge P6. Coordinates: 60.234514 N 29.831253 E; Data period: 1963-1975 (closed); Vegetation: Sphagnum, pine, dwarf shrub (southern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Gauge P7. Coordinates: 60,246979 N 29,810368 E; Data period: 1952-2020 (active); Location: the kame hill, near the building of the swamp station.</p> <p><strong>2.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>precipitation_daily_1952-2020.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>PRECIPITATION is the daily precipitation amount (mm)</p> <p>SOLID marks whether precipitation is in the solid form (1 - solid, 0 - liquid, empty - not observed)</p> <p><strong>3. Peat temperature</strong></p> <p><strong>3.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>Peat temperature monitoring has been carried out daily since 1953 at the two sites. Peat temperature measurements include measurements at the swamp surface (average, minimum, maximum) and at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 240, 290, 320 cm (different depth sets were used throughout the observation period).</p> <p>The swamp surface temperature was measured with thermometer TM-3, maximum thermometer TM-1, minimum thermometer TM-2 and low-degree thermometer TM-9-1. The temperature at the horizons of 5-15 cm was measured with Savinov thermometers. The temperature at the horizons of 20-320 cm was measured with soil-depth thermometers TM-10.</p> <p><strong>3.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>Site PT1. Coordinates: 60.243334 N 29.815287 E; Data period: 1956-2020 (active); Located next to the meteorological site No. 1; Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (central part of the swamp).</p> <p>Site PT2. Coordinates: 60.240477 N 29.808621 E; Data period: 1963-1995 (closed); Located next to the swamp water well 210; Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood (edge of the swamp).</p> <p><strong>3.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>peat-temp_hourly_1976-2020.csv - </strong>The file contains temperature data by observation time at 09:00, 15:00, 21:00.</p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S</p> <p>DEPTH is the measurement depth under the peat surface (cm)</p> <p>PEAT_TEMP is the peat temperature (degree Celsuis)</p> <p>SITE is the observation site</p> <p>QC is the quality control: 1 - ready-to-use value; 0 - unreliable value</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>peat-temp_daily_1953-1958.csv - </strong>The file contains average daily values, temperature was measured by electro thermometers. </p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>DEPTH is the measurement depth under the peat surface (cm)</p> <p>PEAT_TEMP is the peat temperature (degree Celsuis)</p> <p>OBS_TYPE is the daily average</p> <p>SITE is the observation site</p> <p>QC is the quality control: 1 - ready-to-use value; 0 - unreliable value</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>peat-temp_daily_1954-2020.csv - </strong>The file contains average daily values, maximum and minimum temperature values per day, measurements were carried out with mercury thermometers. The maximum and minimum temperatures have been measured since June 1954, average daily values have been measured since January 1960.</p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>DEPTH is the measurement depth under the peat surface (cm)</p> <p>PEAT_TEMP is the peat temperature (degree Celsuis)</p> <p>OBS_TYPE are the daily average/daily min/daily max</p> <p>SITE is the observation site</p> <p>QC is the quality control: 100 - ready-to-use value; 0 - unreliable value</p> <p><strong>4. Freezing and thawing of the swamp</strong></p> <p><strong>4.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>Observations of the freezing and thawing of the swamp are carried out on the fixed sites. The freezing depth is measured twice (on a hummock and in a depression / on a ridge and in a hollow) near each of the four corner points of the site in places where the snow cover has not previously been disturbed. Simultaneously with the observation of freezing, observations of the snow cover on the site are carried out. Snow depth is measured using pre-installed snow gauge battens. The height of the installed battens is 120 cm. The snow gauges are placed on 5 cross-sections at a distance of 5 m from each other, the total number of snow-gauge battens is 50 pieces. Measurements are carried out once every 10 days in winter and until the peat deposits are completely thawed. The data table shows the averaged values of the measured values for the date of measurement. Observations begin in the autumn after a stable transition of average daily air temperatures to negative values.</p> <p><strong>4.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>Site SF1. Coordinates: 60.2443889 N 29.8138889 E; Data period: 1954-2020 (active); Size of the site: 50x50 m; Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine (near the ridge-hollow complex).</p> <p>Site SF2. Coordinates: 60.2423889 N 29.8179167 E; Data period: 1989-2020 (active); Size of the site: 50x50 m; Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (central part of the swamp).</p> <p>Site SF3. Coordinates: 60.240451 N 29.821004 E; Data period: 1954-1991 (closed); Size of the site: 85x30 m; Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine (the ridge-hollow complex).</p> <p>Site SF4. Coordinates: 60.239727 N 29.819625 E; Data period: 1954-1989 (closed); Observations are carried out on a route with a length of 250 m; Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (forest ring).</p> <p>Site SF5. Coordinates: 60.237594 N 29.82639 E; Data period: 1954-1991 (closed); Size of the site: 50x50 m; Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood.</p> <p><strong>4.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>swamp_freezing_d10_1954-2020.csv</strong> </p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>FROZEN depth of the frozen layer (cm)</p> <p>THAW depth of thawed layer which was formed during thawing of a previously frozen layer (cm)</p> <p>WATER_CONTENT water layer above the surface of the swamp (cm)</p> <p>SNOW_COVER snow depth (cm)</p> <p>TERRAIN type of landscape (0 - depression; 1 - hummock; 2 - hollow; 3 - ridge)</p> <p>SITE is the observation site, valid values 1-5</p> <p><strong>5. Evapotranspiration</strong></p> <p><strong>5.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>Evapotranspiration is measured directly using the swamp evaporimeter (model GGI-B1000). Measurements are performed decadely during the growing season. Evaporimeters were initially installed at 6 sites located in different types of microlandscape (bog microlandscape – a part of a bog that is homogeneous in terms of the nature of the vegetation cover, surface microrelief and physical properties of the upper (active) horizon of a peat deposit). Currently, one evaporimeter is in operation, located in the central part of the swamp.</p> <p>Evapotranspiration is measured by the weighing method. Evapotranspiration between observation periods (10 days) is determined by measuring the mass of a peat monolith with natural marsh vegetation placed in an swamp evaporimeter, taking into account the precipitation that fell during the same period and swamp water level.</p> <p><strong>5.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>Site ET1. Coordinates: 60.243270 N 29.815240 E; Data period: 1956-2020; Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, rare inclusions of pine.</p> <p>Site ET2. Coordinates: 60.240252 N 29.821496; Data period: 1971-1976; Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (ridge and hollow).</p> <p>Site ET2.1. Coordinates: 60.240252 N 29.821496; Data period: 1962-1965; 1968-1970; Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (ridge).</p> <p>Site ET2.2. Coordinates: 60.240252 N 29.821496; Data period: 1962-1965; 1968-1970; Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (hollow).</p> <p>Site ET3. Coordinates: 60.240459 N 29.808622 E; Data period: 1966; 1968; 1970-1976; Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood (edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Site ET4. Coordinates: 60.237556 N 29.825795 E; Data period: 1968; 1970-1971, 1973-1974; Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood (hummocks).</p> <p><strong>5.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>evapotranspiration_10d_1956-2020.csv</strong> - Measured values of evapotranspiration with a ten-day resolution.</p> <p>START_DATE format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>END_DATE format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>DAYS is amount of days between START_DATE and END_DATE (days)</p> <p>SITE is evapotranspiration measurement site</p> <p>ET is evapotranspiration amount between START_DATE and END_DATE (mm)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>evapotranspiration_annual_1956-2020.csv</strong> - Evapotranspiration values aggregated by growing seasons.</p> <p>START_DATE format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>END_DATE format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>SITE is evapotranspiration measurement site</p> <p>ET is evapotranspiration amount between START_DATE and END_DATE (mm)</p> <p><strong>6. Water discharge</strong></p> <p><strong>6.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>There are no open streams directly in the swamp. Runoff from the swamp to the edge is carried out by filtration and then by streams formed at the swamp border. Water flow from the swamp is carried out through 5 streams. One of these streams (Vostochny stream) is temporary; water flows through it mainly only during the spring flood.</p> <p>Each of the streams is equipped with a hydrometric facility: thin-walled triangular weirs (V-notch) with wooden inlet and outlet channels. Year-round observations of the water level are carried out in the gauging chutes. The water level is recorded by the recorder continuously during the warm period of the year, observations are duplicated by manual measurement of the level every 5 days year-round. Water discharge rates are calculated according to the theoretical curve for a triangular weir with a cut angle of 90 degrees.</p> <p>In addition to observing the water runoff from the swamp by streams, the observation of the inflow of water into the swamp is carried out. Water inflow into the swamp with slope runoff is measured at the Runoff Plot. The Runoff Plot is located near the northwestern edge of the bog on the slope of the esker ridge. The catchment area of the plot is 400 sq m (20x20 m), the average longitudinal slope is 0.15. The runoff from the plot goes into a drainage gutter from which water enters the tank. The tank is located in a special pavilion. A level recorder is installed in the tank, recording level changes continuously during the warm period of the year. In parallel with this, manual measurements of the level are carried out once a day.</p> <p>In the column « DISCHARGE» column, an empty cell means no runoff, a value of "0" means that there was a minimum runoff through the tray that could not be measured and was observed visually.</p> <p><strong>6.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>Stream gauge Western-1 (Stream Zapadny-1); Coordinates: 60.2435278 N 29.8013333 E; Data period: 1955-2020 (active); Stream Western-2 flows from the western edge of the swamp. The catchment area in the hydrometric section is 0.32 sq. km. Distance from the swamp edge to the hydrometric section 0.37 km.</p> <p>Stream gauge Western-2 (Stream Zapadny-2); Coordinates: 60.2420000 N 29.8029444 E; Data period: 1955-2020 (active); Stream Western-1 flows from the western edge of the swamp. The catchment area in the hydrometric section is 0.32 sq. km. Distance from the swamp edge to the hydrometric section 0.32 km.</p> <p>Stream gauge Northern (Stream Severny); Coordinates: 60.2458333 N 29.8263056 E; Data period: 1953-2020 (active); Stream Northern flows from the northern edge of the swamp. The catchment area in the hydrometric section is 0.37 sq. km. Distance from the swamp edge to the hydrometric section 0.19 km.</p> <p>Stream gauge Southern (Stream Yuzhny); Coordinates: 60.2316667 N 29.8339167 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active); Stream Southern flows from the southern edge of the swamp. The catchment area in the hydrometric section is 1.45 sq. km. Distance from the swamp edge to the hydrometric section 0.17 km</p> <p>Stream gauge Eastern (Stream Vostochny); Coordinates: 60.241975 N 29.828673 E; Data period: 1971-1988 (closed); Stream Eastern flows from the eastern edge of the swamp. The catchment area in the hydrometric section is 0.16 sq. km.</p> <p>Runoff Plot (Stokovaya ploshadka) Coordinates: 60.2475278 N 29.8140278 E; Data period: 1963-2020 (active); The Runoff Plot is located 200 m east of the station, on the slope of the esker ridge in a pine forest. The catchment area of the site is 400 m2 (20 × 20 m), the average longitudinal slope is 0.15, the slope of the drainage gutter is 0.03.</p> <p><strong>6.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>water-discharge_daily_1950-2020.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>DISCHARGE is the water discharge (cm3 s-1)</p> <p>SITE is the observation site name</p> <p><strong>7. Swamp water level</strong></p> <p><strong>7.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>The swamp water level is measured manually inside swamp water wells. In addition to the swamp water level, the water level is measured in the Dve Sestry lake. Lake Dve Sestry is located in the swamp. Measurements are carried out once every five days throughout the year. Water level in the well No.104 is measured daily.</p> <p>The swamp water level is given relative to the swamp surface elevation in the area around each well. The swamp surface elevation in the area around each well was measured every 5 years (1965-1995). А в абсолютных отметках?</p> <p><strong>7.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>Well S101. Coordinates: 60.245952 N 29.811333E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (edge of the swamp, near the lakes).</p> <p>Well S102. Coordinates: 60.245029 N 29.812909 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (edge of the swamp, near the lakes).</p> <p>Well S102a. Coordinates: 60.244680 N 29,813525 E; Data period: 1975-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine.</p> <p>Well S103. Coordinates: 60.244362 N 29.814135 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (central part of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S104. Coordinates: 60.2437640 N 29.815820 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (central part of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S105. Coordinates: 60.242622 N 29.816963 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (central part of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S106. Coordinates: 60.241896 N 29.818209 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine (near the ridge-hollow complex).</p> <p>Well S107. Coordinates: 60.239240 N 29.823000 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (ridge and hollow). Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine.</p> <p>Well S107a. Coordinates: 60.242059 N 29.818111 E; Data period: 1970-1975 (closed). Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (ridge). Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine.</p> <p>Well S107b. Coordinates: 60.240126 N 29.821439 E; Data period: 1970-2020 (active). Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (hollow). Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine.</p> <p>Well S108. Coordinates: 60.237358 N 29.825969 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood (hummocks).</p> <p>Well S109. Coordinates: 60.235011 N 29.830004 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, pine, dwarf shrub (southern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S210. Coordinates: 60.240483 N 29.808689 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood (edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S211. Coordinates: 60.240833 N 29.809519 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex. Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood.</p> <p>Well S212. Coordinates: 60.245206 N 29.819994 E; Data period: 1950-1984 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (edge of the swamp, near the ridge-hollow complex).</p> <p>Well S313. Coordinates: 60.235525 N 29.821599 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, sedge, inclusions of birch and pine.</p> <p>Well S314. Coordinates: 60.236543 N 29.823923 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood.</p> <p>Well S315. Coordinates: 60.239574 N 29.831197 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood.</p> <p>Well S316. Coordinates: 60.240437 N 29.833265 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (southeastern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S317. Coordinates: 60.240762 N 29.833472 E; Data period: 1972-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, pine, dwarf shrub (southeastern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S318. Coordinates: 60.242370 N 29.831554 E; Data period: 1978-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, pine, dwarf shrub (southeastern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S319. Coordinates: 60.242534 N 29.831394 E; Data period: 1978-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub.</p> <p>Dve Sestry Lake. Coordinates: 60.245241 N 29.812483 E; Data period: 1968-2020 (active). Water level in the lake Dve Sestry. Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (edge of the swamp).</p> <p><strong>7.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>swamp-water-level_daily_1950-2020.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>SW_WELL is the well (lake) name</p> <p>SW_LEVEL is the swamp water level (cm)</p> <p><strong>8. Swamp-surface elevation</strong></p> <p><strong>8.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>The swamp-surface elevation was determined by the linear taxation method. The principle of the method is to determine the height of the swamp-surface on a line of a certain length (taxation line) by a certain number of points. The taxation line is selected on an area with similar vegetation, conditions and micro-relief. As a result of static processing of the measured values, one absolute surface elevation is obtained for each taxation line. The taxation lines are confined to groundwater and swamp-water wells.Measurements are performed once every 5 years during the growing season. </p> <p><strong>8.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>The Data period of the wells is indicated for water level measurements. Swamp-surface elevation measurements were carried out for swamp-water wells in the period 1965-1995, for groundwater wells 1970-1995.</p> <p>Well S101. Coordinates: 60.245952 N 29.811333E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (edge of the swamp, near the lakes).</p> <p>Well S102. Coordinates: 60.245029 N 29.812909 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (edge of the swamp, near the lakes).</p> <p>Well S102a. Coordinates: 60.244680 N 29,813525 E; Data period: 1975-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine.</p> <p>Well S103. Coordinates: 60.244362 N 29.814135 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (central part of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S104. Coordinates: 60.2437640 N 29.815820 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (central part of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S105. Coordinates: 60.242622 N 29.816963 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (central part of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S106. Coordinates: 60.241896 N 29.818209 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine (near the ridge-hollow complex).</p> <p>Well S107. Coordinates: 60.239240 N 29.823000 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (ridge and hollow). Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine.</p> <p>Well S107a. Coordinates: 60.242059 N 29.818111 E; Data period: 1970-1975 (closed). Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (ridge). Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine.</p> <p>Well S107b. Coordinates: 60.240126 N 29.821439 E; Data period: 1970-2020 (active). Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex (hollow). Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine.</p> <p>Well S108. Coordinates: 60.237358 N 29.825969 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood (hummocks).</p> <p>Well S109. Coordinates: 60.235011 N 29.830004 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, pine, dwarf shrub (southern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S210. Coordinates: 60.240483 N 29.808689 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood (edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S211. Coordinates: 60.240833 N 29.809519 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Ridge-hollow complex. Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood.</p> <p>Well S212. Coordinates: 60.245206 N 29.819994 E; Data period: 1950-1984 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, cotton grass, inclusions of pine (edge of the swamp, near the ridge-hollow complex).</p> <p>Well S313. Coordinates: 60.235525 N 29.821599 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, sedge, inclusions of birch and pine.</p> <p>Well S314. Coordinates: 60.236543 N 29.823923 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood.</p> <p>Well S315. Coordinates: 60.239574 N 29.831197 E; Data period: 1950-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, cotton grass, dwarf shrub, inclusions of pine and deadwood.</p> <p>Well S316. Coordinates: 60.240437 N 29.833265 E; Data period: 1950-2020 (active). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (southeastern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S317. Coordinates: 60.240762 N 29.833472 E; Data period: 1972-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, pine, dwarf shrub (southeastern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S318. Coordinates: 60.242370 N 29.831554 E; Data period: 1978-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, pine, dwarf shrub (southeastern edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well S319. Coordinates: 60.242534 N 29.831394 E; Data period: 1978-1989 (closed). Vegetation: Sphagnum, dwarf shrub.</p> <p>Dve Sestry Lake. Coordinates: 60.245241 N 29.812483 E; Data period: 1968-2020 (active). Water level in the lake Dve Sestry. Sphagnum, dwarf shrub, pine (edge of the swamp).</p> <p>Well G359. Coordinates: 60.245754 N 29.811594 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active); Well depth: 5.6 m; Location: edge of the swamp, near the lakes.</p> <p>Well G360. Coordinates: 60.246631 N 29.809902 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.17 m; Location: the foot of the kame hill.</p> <p>Well G361. Coordinates: 60.247386 N 29.811244 E; Data period: 1964-1980 (closed). Well depth: 15.0 m; Location: the kame hill, near the station.</p> <p>Well G362. Coordinates: 60.246119 N 29.821464 E; Data period: 1964-1983 (closed). Well depth: 10.33 m; Location: on the hillside of esker.</p> <p>Well G363. Coordinates: 60.241874 N 29.836113 E; Data period: 1964-1972 (closed). Well depth: 18.41 m; Location: on the northeastern slope of the kame hill.</p> <p>Well G364. Coordinates: 60.243446 N 29.804700 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.06 m; Location: near the stream West-1.</p> <p>Well G365. Coordinates: 60.239495 N 29.805881 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 3.07 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G366. Coordinates: 60.239645 N 29.805699 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.63 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G367. Coordinates: 60.239796 N 29.805541 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 1.99 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G369. Coordinates: 60.231555 N 29.834127 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.69 m; Location: in the forest, 150 m from the swamp edge, 50 m from the stream Southern.</p> <p>Well G374. Coordinates: 60.245117 N 29.812595 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.72 m; Location: the swamp, near the Dve Sestry Lake.</p> <p>Well G375. Coordinates: 60.237512 N 29.826382 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.68 m; Location: southeast of the swamp.</p> <p>Well G376. Coordinates: 60.240623 N 29.833485 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.09 m; Location: southeast of the swamp, 50 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G377. Coordinates: 60.243325 N 29.815822 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 9.44 m; Location: central part of the swamp.</p> <p>Well G378. Coordinates: 60.234610 N 29.819447 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.26 m; Location: a swampy forest, 80 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G379. Coordinates: 60.234373 N 29.818323 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.35 m; Location: a swampy forest, 100 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G386. Coordinates: 60.246681 N 29.822289 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 10.00 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, 19 m from the Bolotny stream.</p> <p>Well G387. Coordinates: 60.247045 N 29.823210 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 5.13 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, on the esker, 115 m from well 386.</p> <p>Well G388. Coordinates: 60.247988 N 29.820518 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 4.96 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, at the head of the Bolotny stream.</p> <p>Well G389. Coordinates: 60.247668 N 29.819822 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 9.0 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, on the esker.</p> <p>Well G390. Coordinates: 60.247418 N 29.822103 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 12.6 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp</p> <p><strong>8.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>surface-elevation_5y_1965-1995.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y</p> <p>WELL_NO is the well number</p> <p>WELL_TYPE is the well type (SW - swamp water, GW - groundwater)</p> <p>SURF_ELEV is the surface elevation above sea level (m)</p> <p><strong>9. Groundwater level</strong></p> <p><strong>9.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>The groundwater level is measured manually inside groundwater wells. Measurements are carried out daily or once every five days during the year. The groundwater level is given relative to the surface elevation in the area around each well. Surface elevation in the area around each well was measured every 5 years (1970-1995). Что за уровень болота? Это мне непонятно, почему не БС?</p> <p><strong>9.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>Well G359. Coordinates: 60.245754 N 29.811594 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active); Well depth: 5.6 m; Location: edge of the swamp, near the lakes.</p> <p>Well G360. Coordinates: 60.246631 N 29.809902 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.17 m; Location: the foot of the kame hill.</p> <p>Well G361. Coordinates: 60.247386 N 29.811244 E; Data period: 1964-1980 (closed). Well depth: 15.0 m; Location: the kame hill, near the station.</p> <p>Well G362. Coordinates: 60.246119 N 29.821464 E; Data period: 1964-1983 (closed). Well depth: 10.33 m; Location: on the hillside of esker.</p> <p>Well G363. Coordinates: 60.241874 N 29.836113 E; Data period: 1964-1972 (closed). Well depth: 18.41 m; Location: on the northeastern slope of the kame hill.</p> <p>Well G364. Coordinates: 60.243446 N 29.804700 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.06 m; Location: near the stream West-1.</p> <p>Well G365. Coordinates: 60.239495 N 29.805881 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 3.07 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G366. Coordinates: 60.239645 N 29.805699 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.63 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G367. Coordinates: 60.239796 N 29.805541 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 1.99 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G369. Coordinates: 60.231555 N 29.834127 E; Data period: 1964-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.69 m; Location: in the forest, 150 m from the swamp edge, 50 m from the stream Southern.</p> <p>Well G374. Coordinates: 60.245117 N 29.812595 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.72 m; Location: the swamp, near the Dve Sestry Lake.</p> <p>Well G375. Coordinates: 60.237512 N 29.826382 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.68 m; Location: southeast of the swamp.</p> <p>Well G376. Coordinates: 60.240623 N 29.833485 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.09 m; Location: southeast of the swamp, 50 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G377. Coordinates: 60.243325 N 29.815822 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 9.44 m; Location: central part of the swamp.</p> <p>Well G378. Coordinates: 60.234610 N 29.819447 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.26 m; Location: a swampy forest, 80 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G379. Coordinates: 60.234373 N 29.818323 E; Data period: 1965-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.35 m; Location: a swampy forest, 100 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G386. Coordinates: 60.246681 N 29.822289 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 10.00 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, 19 m from the Bolotny stream.</p> <p>Well G387. Coordinates: 60.247045 N 29.823210 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 5.13 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, on the esker, 115 m from well 386.</p> <p>Well G388. Coordinates: 60.247988 N 29.820518 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 4.96 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, at the head of the Bolotny stream.</p> <p>Well G389. Coordinates: 60.247668 N 29.819822 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 9.0 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, on the esker.</p> <p>Well G390. Coordinates: 60.247418 N 29.822103 E; Data period: 1965-1986 (closed). Well depth: 12.6 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp.</p> <p><strong>9.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>groundwater-level_daily_1964-1986.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>GW_WELL is the well name</p> <p>GW_LEVEL is the groundwater level (cm)</p> <p><strong>10. Groundwater temperature</strong></p> <p><strong>10.1 Methods</strong></p> <p>Water temperature in groundwater wells is measured manually with a mercury thermometer (model TM-10). Measurements were taken on the 10th, 20th and the last day of the month during the year.</p> <p><strong>10.2 Measurement site description</strong></p> <p>The Data period of the wells is indicated for groundwater temperature measurements.</p> <p>Well G359. Coordinates: 60.245754 N 29.811594 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active); Well depth: 5.6 m; Location: edge of the swamp, near the lakes.</p> <p>Well G360. Coordinates: 60.246631 N 29.809902 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.17 m; Location: the foot of the kame hill.</p> <p>Well G362. Coordinates: 60.246119 N 29.821464 E; Data period: 1974-1983 (closed). Well depth: 10.33 m; Location: on the hillside of esker.</p> <p>Well G364. Coordinates: 60.243446 N 29.804700 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.06 m; Location: near the stream West-1.</p> <p>Well G365. Coordinates: 60.239495 N 29.805881 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 3.07 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G366. Coordinates: 60.239645 N 29.805699 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.63 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G367. Coordinates: 60.239796 N 29.805541 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 1.99 m; Location: southwest edge of the swamp, in the forest.</p> <p>Well G369. Coordinates: 60.231555 N 29.834127 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.69 m; Location: in the forest, 150 m from the swamp edge, 50 m from the stream Southern.</p> <p>Well G374. Coordinates: 60.245117 N 29.812595 E; Data period: 1975-2020 (active). Well depth: 5.72 m; Location: the swamp, near the Dve Sestry Lake.</p> <p>Well G375. Coordinates: 60.237512 N 29.826382 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.68 m; Location: southeast of the swamp.</p> <p>Well G376. Coordinates: 60.240623 N 29.833485 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 6.09 m; Location: southeast of the swamp, 50 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G377. Coordinates: 60.243325 N 29.815822 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 9.44 m; Location: central part of the swamp.</p> <p>Well G378. Coordinates: 60.234610 N 29.819447 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.26 m; Location: a swampy forest, 80 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G379. Coordinates: 60.234373 N 29.818323 E; Data period: 1974-2020 (active). Well depth: 4.35 m; Location: a swampy forest, 100 m from the swamp edge.</p> <p>Well G386. Coordinates: 60.246681 N 29.822289 E; Data period: 1974-1986 (closed). Well depth: 10.00 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, 19 m from the Bolotny stream.</p> <p>Well G387. Coordinates: 60.247045 N 29.823210 E; Data period: 1974-1986 (closed). Well depth: 5.13 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, on the esker, 115 m from well 386.</p> <p>Well G388. Coordinates: 60.247988 N 29.820518 E; Data period: 1974-1986 (closed). Well depth: 4.96 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, at the head of the Bolotny stream.</p> <p>Well G389. Coordinates: 60.247668 N 29.819822 E; Data period: 1974-1986 (closed). Well depth: 9.0 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp, on the esker.</p> <p>Well G390. Coordinates: 60.247418 N 29.822103 E; Data period: 1974-1986 (closed). Well depth: 12.6 m; Location: North of the edge of swamp.</p> <p><strong>10.3 File contents</strong></p> <p><strong>groundwater-temp_daily_1974-2020.csv</strong></p> <p>DATE_TIME format is %Y-%m-%d</p> <p>GW_WELL is the well name</p> <p>GW_TEMP is the groundwater temperature (degree Celsuis)</p> <p>Coordinates of the observation sites</p> <p>Location of the observation sites could be found in the <strong>coords.geojson</strong> file.</p>
Reactive nitrogen fluxes over peatland (Bourtanger Moor) and forest (Bavarian Forest National Park) using micrometeorological measurement techniques
<p>Within the framework of the research projects NITROSPHERE and FORESTFLUX, field campaigns were carried out to investigate the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds. We applied novel fast-response instruments in eddy-covariance setups for continuous determination of surface ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) and total reactive nitrogen (<span class="math-tex">\(\Sigma\)</span>N<sub>r</sub>) fluxes using two different analytical devices. While high-frequency measurements of ammonia were measured with a quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCL), a custom-built converter called TRANC coupled to a chemiluminescence detector was used for the determination of total reactive nitrogen. High-resolution data of surface-atmosphere fluxes of reactive compounds are still scarce, but highly desired for testing and validating local inferential and larger scale models. We provide access to campaign data including concentrations, fluxes and ancillary measurements of meteorological data. Campaigns were conducted in natural (forest) and semi-natural (peatland) ecosystem types. The published datasets stress the importance of recent advancements in laser spectrometry and help improve our understanding of the temporal variability of surface-atmosphere exchange in different ecosystems, thereby providing validation opportunities for inferential models simulating the exchange of reactive nitrogen.</p>
PEATCLSM_Trop: Integrating peat-specific land surface hydrology of natural and drained tropical peatlands in the GEOS CLSM framework
<p>The datasets archived here include simulation results shown in the peer-reviewed article “Tropical peatland hydrology simulated with a global land surface model“, published in the open access AGU Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES; Apers et al., 2022). The output was produced using the Catchment land surface model (CLSM), the land model component of the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) modeling framework, and various versions of peatland-specific adaptations of CLSM, i.e. PEATCLSM. Here, we provide netCDF files (*.nc or *.nc4c) for CLSM, the natural (PEATCLSM<sub>Trop,Nat</sub>), and drained (PEATCLSM<sub>Trop,Drain</sub>) tropical versions of PEATCLSM. The simulations are at a 9-km spatial resolution (EASEv2 grid) for the three major tropical peatland regions in Central and South America, the Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia, using a peat grid cell distribution that is a combination of the PEATMAP distribution from Xu et al. (2018) and the peat distribution from De Lannoy et al. (2014). Simulations with the northern version of PEATCLSM (PEATCLSM<sub>North,Nat</sub>) are not included in the archived dataset but can be obtained upon request. We provide three types of netCDF files:<br> • daily_images_*.nc4c: daily land states and fluxes for variables discussed in Apers et al., (2022; Table 1), provided as netCDF image-chunked image stack;<br> • daily_mean_*.nc: 20-year mean of the land states and fluxes (Table 1), provided as a single netCDF image;<br> • daily_std_*.nc: 20-year standard deviation of the land states and fluxes (Table 1), provided as a single netCDF image.</p> <p>The file content is described in the file PEATCLSM_Trop-Simulations.pdf.</p> <p>Please contact Sebastian Apers (sebastian.apers@kuleuven.be) or Michel Bechtold (michel.bechtold@kuleuven.be) for any questions.<br> <br> References:<br> Apers, S., De Lannoy, G. J. M., Baird, A. J., Cobb, A. R., Dargie, G. C., del Aguila Pasquel, J., … others (2022). Tropical peatland hydrology simulated with a global land surface model. <em>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</em>. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002784<br> Bechtold, M., De Lannoy, G. J. M., Koster, R. D., Reichle, R. H., Mahanama, S. P., Bleuten, W., ... others (2019). PEAT-CLSM: A specific treatment of peatland hydrology in the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model. <em>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11</em>(7), 2130–2162. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001574<br> De Lannoy, G. J. M., Koster, R. D., Reichle, R. H., Mahanama, S. P. P., & Liu, Q. (2014). An updated treatment of soil texture and associated hydraulic properties in a global land modeling system. <em>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 6</em>(4), 957– 979. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000330<br> Xu, J., Morris, P. J., Liu, J., & Holden, J. (2018). PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis. <em>Catena, 160</em>, 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010</p>
CO2 emissions, water table and temperature time series from an undrained tropical peatland
<p>Supplement to: Hoyt, A. M., Gandois, L. , Eri, J. , Kai, F. M., Harvey, C. F. and Cobb, A. R. (2019), CO2 emissions from an undrained tropical peatland: Interacting influences of temperature, shading and water table depth. <em>Global Change Biology</em>. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14702</p>
Leaf area index and above-ground biomass estimation of an alpine peatland with a UAV multi-sensor approach
<p>Main data used for the scientific paper entitled: "Leaf area index and above-ground biomass estimation of an alpine peatland with a UAV multi-sensor approach".</p> <ol> <li>"Danta_dem_10cm_px.tif": orthomosaic-derived DEM</li> <li>"Danta_rgb_2.2cm_px.tif": ortophoto </li> <li>"GPS points": list of GPS samples points</li> <li>"Main data": field vegetation data and indexes used for the regressions</li> <li>"Raw PointCloud". Lidar original dataset</li> <li>"Pre-processed PointCloud": Lidar dataset after pre-processing (see paper's methods) </li> <li>"DTM_DantaGround_grid50cm_minimo": Output (TIFF); the LiDAR-derived DTM showed in the paper</li> <li>"LAI": Output (Shapefile); the LiDAR-derived LAI showed in the paper.</li> </ol> <p> </p>
CO2 and CH4 gas fluxes in disturbed and intact northern peatlands
<p>The data were collected in seven Estonian peatlands (5 disturbed and 2 intact) during three to four (2017–2020) years with closed chamber technique. Table 1 (see CO2_CH4_fluxes_README.docx) shows the variables presented in this dataset.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.