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13 results for “Pelagic Tunicate”
Pelagic Tunicates of the Santos Basin
<p>The data are part of the Environmental Characterization Project of the Santos Basin, funded by Petrobras. They were collected through stratified oblique trawls using a net with a mesh size of 200 micrometers, from the surface to depths of up to 2400 meters throughout the Santos Basin. A total of 29 species of pelagic tunicates from both classes of the group (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) were found. These data were published in the journal <em>Marine Biodiversity</em> under the DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01494-w" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01494-w</a>.</p>
Data for Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates
<p>Model results and observational validation data for "Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates." </p> <p> </p> <p>Model outputs for 1) the COBALTv2 control simulation, 2) the GZ-COBALT base simulation, and the five sensitivity experiments in the following files:</p> <p> </p> <p>Model grid and area fields</p> <ul> <li><em>ocean_annual_static.nc</em></li> <li><em>ocean_static.nc</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly ocean surface fields</p> <ul> <li>Nitrate, phosphate, silica, chlorophyll</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_sfc.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly water column integrated fields</p> <ul> <li>primary production</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_2d.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly 100-m integrated tracer fields</p> <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicate, bacteria</li> <li>Dissolved organic nitrogen</li> <li>Nitrogen detritus</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_tracers_int.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly 100-m integrated fluxes</p> <ul> <li>Production of: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicate, bacteria</li> </ul> </li> <li>Loss to zooplankton from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, bacteria, small and medium zooplankton, small and large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Aggregation loss from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Injestion by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators</li> </ul> </li> <li>Detritus production by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators</li> </ul> </li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fluxes_int_1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly detritus fluxes past 100-m:</p> <ul> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fdet_100.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Annual 3-D tracers:</p> <ul> <li>Phytoplankton and zooplankton carbon</li> <li>Mesozooplankton and tunicate carbon</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_tracers_year_z_1988-2007.nc</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Observational data compilation in 1-degree grid cells:</p> <ul> <li>Data compilation of small tunicates (appendicularians, mg C m<sup>-3</sup>) and large tunicates (thaliaceans, mg C m<sup>-3</sup>) as described in the Luo et al. publication. </li> <li>Mesozooplankton from the COPEPOD carbon biomass dataset in mg C m<sup>-3</sup> (Moriarty and O'Brien 2012).</li> <li>The chlorophyll growing season mean (from GlobColour data product, blended in the Southern Ocean with Johnson et al. 2013), in units of mg Chl m<sup>-3</sup>.</li> <li>The tunicate column is a simple addition of the appendicularian + thaliacean column, assuming missing values are zero (use with caution). </li> <li>Please note that these values <strong><em>do not </em></strong>incorporate the 10x biomass adjustment from net-based sampling; this must be added in afterwards.</li> <li><em>ObsCompilation_SmLgTunicates_Mesozooplankton.csv</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>See the below publication for more details:</p> <p><strong>Luo, Jessica Y., </strong>Stock, C. A., Henschke, N., Dunne, J. P., O'Brien, T. D., Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates. <em>Progress in Oceanography</em>. (2022) doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102822">10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102822</a></p>
The microbiome of the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri: A potential link between the grazing and microbial food web
<p>Bloom-forming gelatinous zooplankton occur circumglobally and significantly influence the structure of pelagic marine food webs and biogeochemical cycling through interactions with microbial communities. During bloom conditions especially, gelatinous zooplankton are keystone taxa that help determine the fate of primary production, nutrient remineralization, and carbon export. Using the pelagic tunicate <em>Dolioletta gegenbauri</em> as a model system for gelatinous zooplankton, we carried out a laboratory-based feeding experiment to investigate the potential ecosystem impacts of doliolid gut microbiomes and microbial communities associated with doliolid fecal pellets and the surrounding seawater. Targeted metabarcoding (16S rRNA genes recovering Bacteria/Archaea) and qPCR approaches were used to characterize microbiome assemblages. Comparison between sample types revealed distinct patterns in microbial diversity and biomass that were replicable across experiments. These observations support the hypothesis that through their presence and trophic activity, doliolids influence the structure of pelagic food webs and biogeochemical cycling in subtropical continental shelf systems where tunicate blooms are common. Bacteria associated with starved doliolids (representative of the resident gut microbiome) possessed distinct low-biomass and low-diversity microbial assemblages, suggesting that the doliolid microbiome is optimized to support a detrital trophic mode. Bacterial genera <em>Pseudoalteromomas</em> and <em>Shimia</em> were the most abundant potential core microbiome taxa, similar to patterns observed in other marine invertebrates. Exploratory bioinformatic analyses of predicted functional genes suggest that doliolids, via their interactions with bacterial communities, may affect important biogeochemical processes including nitrogen, sulfur, and organic matter cycling.</p>
The microbiome of the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri: A potential link between the grazing and microbial food web
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Data from: Plasticity of animal genome architecture unmasked by rapid evolution of a pelagic tunicate
Genomes of animals as different as sponges and humans show conservation of global architecture. Here we show that multiple genomic features including transposon diversity, developmental gene repertoire, physical gene order, and intron-exon organization are shattered in the tunicate Oikopleura, belonging to the sister group of vertebrates and retaining chordate morphology. Ancestral architecture of animal genomes can be deeply modified and may therefore be largely nonadaptive. This rapidly evolving animal lineage thus offers unique perspectives on the level of genome plasticity. It also illuminates issues as fundamental as the mechanisms of intron gain.
FIGURE 4 in Pelagic tunicates (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) of Sri Lanka: two first records with an annotated checklist
FIGURE 4. Schematic diagrams of Sri Lankan pelagic tunicates, showing the general morphology of their families (A–H): the lateral view of mature individuals of Fritillariidae (A) and Oikopleuridae (B); gonozooid (C) and degenerated oozooid / nurse (D) of Doliolidae; dorsal view of a solitary zooid (E) and aggregate zooid (F) of Salpidae; a blastozooid (G) and sagittal section of a colony (H) of Pyrosomatidae. Adapted from Claus (1883), Esnal (1981), Barnes et al. (1993) and Sri Lankan specimens. Note: The tails of appendicularian diagrams have been rotated through 90º for clarity.
FIGURE 3 in Pelagic tunicates (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) of Sri Lanka: two first records with an annotated checklist
FIGURE 3. Re-reported salp, Pegea confoederata, to Sri Lanka in "Waya-jel-Survey" in preserved form (A–D): a colony of zooids (A); embryo (B); aggregate zooid (C); solitary zooid (D). E—endostyle; G—gill; N—nucleus; S—stolon. Scales: B = 5 mm; C & D = 8 mm; A = 20 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Pelagic tunicates (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) of Sri Lanka: two first records with an annotated checklist
FIGURE 2. Firstly reported pelagic tunicates to Sri Lanka in "Waya-jel-Survey" (A–F): a live colony of Pyrostremma spinosum near to the sea surface (A & B), and an illustration of its blastozooid (C); Thalia sibogae solitary zooid in preserved form (D), ventral view of medioventral projections (E), and an illustration of its posterior part (F). a—anus; ap—atrial palp; dmp— dorsal medioventral projection; e—endostyle; es—excurrent/buccal siphon; g—ganglion; is—incurrent/atrial siphon; lp—lateral projection; n—nucleus; o—ovary; pb—pharyngeal basket; pp—posterior projection; sl—stolon; sm—stomach; t—testis; vmp—ventral medioventral projection. Scales: E = 0.5 mm; C, D, F = 1 mm; A & B = 0.4 m. Images A & B by Franco Banfi from off Mirissa, Sri Lanka
FIGURE 1 in Pelagic tunicates (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) of Sri Lanka: two first records with an annotated checklist
FIGURE 1. Sampling localities of pelagic tunicates within the three regions of Sri Lankan Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) denoted by BBR (Bay of Bengal Region), LSR (Laccadive Sea Region) and IOR (Indian Ocean Region). Source of the map: Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase, Flanders Marine Institute (https://www.marineregions.org/). Remarks of each sampling station (St.) indicated by open circles are in Table 1
Figure 1 in Pelagic tunicates in the China Seas
Figure 1. Distribution and numerical abundances (ind./m3) of larvaceans in the coastal waters of Taiwan.
Data from: Plasticity of animal genome architecture unmasked by rapid evolution of a pelagic tunicate
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Assembled file of spring annual averages of pelagic tunicate organic biomass as carbon from the Southern California region, 1951 - 2011.
Derived dataset of approximately a dozen measures of annual springtime biomass of pelagic tunicates since 1951 (ongoing). Enumeration of net-towed samples (salps, doliolids, appendicularians, and pyrosomes) are converted to organic carbon biomass using length-carbon relationships (original from the zooplankton dataspace). Reference for pelagic tunicate organic carbon is Lavaniegos and Ohman (2007).
Figure 2 in Pelagic tunicates in the China Seas
Figure 2. Distribution and abundance (ind./m3) of thaliaceans in the waters of Taiwan.
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