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FIGURE 4 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 4. Abrothallus doliiformis (holotype). a–b: pycnidia; c: cross section of pycnidium; d: detail of the base of the pycnidium; e–f: conidium (DIC). Scale bars: a–b: 0.5 mm; c–d = 100 μm; e–f = 5 μm

FIGURE 7 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 7. Abrothallus etayoi (holotype). a: conidiomata on thallus of Sticta; b: cross-section of pycnidium. Note the collapsed photobionts at the pycnidium; c: detail of pycnidial wall; d: conidiogenous cells and conidia; e–f: conidium. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; b = 100 μm; c = 25 μm; d–f = 5 μm

FIGURE 10 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 10. Abrothallus kamchatica (L.S. Yakovchenko, S310). a: ascomata, note the necrotic rim below the apothecia; b: crosssection of the ascoma; c: young ascus; d: mature ascus with ascospores; e: young ascospore; f & g: mature ascospores; h: conidium and conidiogenous cell; i: conidioma; j–l: conidia. Scale bars: a = 250 μm; b = 50 μm; c—l = 5 μm; i = 100 μm.

FIGURE 6 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 6. Abrothallus ertzii (holotype). a: ascomata on the thallus of Lobaria pulmonaria; b: section of the hymenium; c: ascus with ascospores. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b = 25 μm; c = 10 μm

FIGURE 9 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 9. Abrothallus welwitschii (lectotype) on thallus of Sticta sylvatica. a: fragment of the lectotype; b: the handwritten herbarium sheet, the left specimen was selected as lectotype; c: ascus and ascospores of the lectotype specimen. Scale bar: c = 10 μm

FIGURE 5 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 5. Abrothallus eriodermae (holotype). a: ascomata mixed with lageniform pycnidia; b: pycnidia; c: ascus and ascospores; d: part-spores; e: conidiophores with conidia; e: conidia; f: ascospores. Scale bars: a–b = 500 μm; c–f = 10 μm; g = 5 μm

FIGURE 3 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 3. Abrothallus canariensis (holotype). a: green pruinose ascomata; b: cross-section of the ascoma; c: detail of the exciple (DIC); d: young ascus (DIC); e: mature ascus with ascospores (DIC); f: young ascospore (DIC); g: part-spores (DIC). Scale bars: a: 250 μm; b: 100 μm; c–g: 10 μm

FIGURE 2 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 2. Abrothallus boomii (holotype). a: mature ascoma; b: botryose ascoma; c: young ascoma showing greenish pruina; d: cross section of ascoma; e: detail of paraplectechymatic lower part of hymenium (DIC); f: mature ascus (DIC); g: young ascus (DIC); h: immersed pycnidium; i: cross section of pycnidium; j: pycnidial wall and conidiogenous cells (DIC); k–l: conidia; m: mature ascospore showing two septa (DIC); n: young ascospore (DIC); o–p: ascospores (DIC). Scale bars: a–c: 500 μm; d and h: 250 μm; e and j: 25 μm; f–g: 10 μm; i: 100 μm; k–p: 5 μm

FIGURE 8 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 8. Abrothallus nephromatis (holotype). a: ascomata surrounded by the black necrotic rim; b: semi-immersed pycnidia; c: crosssection of the ascoma; d: ascus and ascospores; e: detail of the hymenium; f: ascospores. Scale bars: a–b = 500 μm; c = 200 μm; d–e = 25 μm; f = 10 μm

FIGURE 1 in A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales

FIGURE 1. The phylogenetic tree of Abrothallus on Peltigerales hosts. The tree generated on the rDNA ITS and TEF-α sequences, and computed based on Maximum Likelihood approach. Branches supported both by bootstrap support values (≥ 70) and Bayesian posterior propabilities (≥ 0.95) are in bold.

FIGURE 4. A–D. Leptogium species. A. L in Leptogium (Collemataceae, Peltigerales) from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: nine new records, three new taxa and a key for the species

FIGURE 4. A–D. Leptogium species. A. L. phyllocarpum (SML Souza 93). B–D. L. quilombensis (CM Bernardo 814, holotype). B. Detail of the thallus. C. Transversal section of the thallus, arrow = columnar hyphae. D. Transversal section of the apothecia, arrow = basal paraplectenchymatous tissue. Bars: 2 mm (A–B); 100 μm (C–D).

FIGURE 1. A–F. Leptogium species. A. L in Leptogium (Collemataceae, Peltigerales) from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: nine new records, three new taxa and a key for the species

FIGURE 1. A–F. Leptogium species. A. L. austroamericanum (TH Stefanello 79). B. L. chloromelum (SS Moura 111). C. L. cochleatum (VJ Pott 6281). D. L. coralloideum (TD Barbosa 672). E. L. cyanescens (SML Souza 133). F. L. cyanizum (LS Canêz 32423). Bars: 2 mm (A–F).

FIGURE 3. A–B. Leptogium species. A. L in Leptogium (Collemataceae, Peltigerales) from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: nine new records, three new taxa and a key for the species

FIGURE 3. A–B. Leptogium species. A. L. marginellum (AA Spielmann 8367). B. L. microcarpum (AL Simal 188). C. L. milligranum (SR Ramalho 44). D–F. Leptogium moluccanum var. denticulatum (CM Bernardo 465). D. Detail of the thallus. E. Transversal section of the thallus, arrows = columnar hyphae. F. Transversal section of the apothecia, arrow = subparaplectenchymatous parahymenium tissue. Bars: 2 mm (A–D); 50 μm (E); 100 μm (F).

FIGURE 2. A–F. Leptogium species. A. L in Leptogium (Collemataceae, Peltigerales) from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: nine new records, three new taxa and a key for the species

FIGURE 2. A–F. Leptogium species. A. L. diaphanum (LC Canêz 3246). B. L. fusisporum (NK Honda 050). C–E. L. hondae (JM Torres 509, holotype). C. Detail of the thallus. D. Transversal section of the thallus. E. Transversal section of the apothecia, arrow = cortex of thalline exciple. F. L. isidiosellum (SS Moura 112). Bars: 2 mm (A–C, F); 50 μm (D–E).

Figure 4 from: Košuthová A, Westberg M, Otálora MAG, Wedin M (2019) Rostania revised: testing generic delimitations in Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes). MycoKeys 47: 17-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.32227

Figure 4 Thallus habitus: ARostaniacoccophylla (isotype of Collemacoccophyllum Nyl., India, 1858, Perrotet s.n., H-NYL 42355, H–9201376) BRostaniaparamensis (Palice 2796, PRA-00013999; holotype of Collemaparamense PM Jørg. & Palice) CScytinium sp. Palice 2274a DRostaniaparamensis Palice 2274b. tL = thalline lobes, is = isidia. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 6 from: Košuthová A, Westberg M, Otálora MAG, Wedin M (2019) Rostania revised: testing generic delimitations in Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes). MycoKeys 47: 17-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.32227

Figure 6 Thalli, transversal cross-sections: A Thallus with pseudocortex and densely interwoven hyphae (Rostaniaquadrifida, McCune 2744, UPS) B Thallus with pseudocortex and straight and unbranched hyphae which are perpendicular to the surface (Rostaniaparamensis, Palice 2796, holotype of Collemaparamense) C Thallus with eucortex and straight and unbranched hyphae which are perpendicular to the surface (Leptogiumazureum, Tehler 3140, S) D Thallus with eucortex and paraplectenchymateous throughout (Scytinium sp. Palice 2273) E Thallus paraplectenchymateous throughout (Rostaniaoccultatavar.populina, Llop 56060303, S) A–E in lactic blue C in water. euC = eucortex, PsC = pseudocortex, Hp = hyphae, pPlect = paraplechtenchyma. Scale bar = 10 µm

Figure 2 from: Košuthová A, Westberg M, Otálora MAG, Wedin M (2019) Rostania revised: testing generic delimitations in Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes). MycoKeys 47: 17-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.32227

Figure 2 Thallus habitus: ARostaniaoccultatavar.populina (Odelvik 1269, S), thallus lobes (arrow) BRostaniamultipunctata (Poelt 8852, GZU), accessory lobules (arrow) CRostaniaceranisca (MW_HOCH020, S), accessory finger-like lobules (arrow) DRostanialaevispora (isotype of Collemalaevisporum Swinscow & Krog, Tanzania, 1986, Swinscow & Krog T 3/6, O-00298), apothecium in initial stage (arrow) ERostaniacallibotrys (Moberg 4431a, UPS), apothecium in initial stage (arrow). tL = thallus lobes, al = accessory lobules, Ai = apothecium in initial stage covering the top of the accessory lobules. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 5 from: Košuthová A, Westberg M, Otálora MAG, Wedin M (2019) Rostania revised: testing generic delimitations in Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes). MycoKeys 47: 17-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.32227

Figure 5 Ascospores: ARostaniaquadrifida (McCune 2744, UPS), cubic spores with 2–5 cells BRostaniaparamensis (Palice 2796, holotype of Collemaparamense), ellipsoid spores with acute ends CLeptogiumazureum (Tehler 3140, S), ellipsoid spores with acute ends DScytinium sp. (Palice 2273), oblong spores, EScytinium sp. (Palice 2274), oblong spores. Scale bar = 10 µm

Figure 1 from: Košuthová A, Westberg M, Otálora MAG, Wedin M (2019) Rostania revised: testing generic delimitations in Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes). MycoKeys 47: 17-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.32227

Figure 1 The most likely tree from the combined RAxML analysis based on 1947 aligned characters of mtSSU rDNA, MCM7 and b-tub from 57 specimens. Support values (Likelihood BS/Bayesian PP/parsimony JK) given when BS ≥ 70%, PP ≥ 0.90 and parsimony JK ≥ 70%. Branches receiving BS ≥ 75 %, PP ≥ 0.95 and JK ≥ 75% are indicated with a black dot. The different colour indicate different genera: blue = Leptogium, pink = Rostania, orange = Scytinium.

Figure 3 from: Košuthová A, Westberg M, Otálora MAG, Wedin M (2019) Rostania revised: testing generic delimitations in Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes). MycoKeys 47: 17-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.32227

Figure 3 Ascospores: ARostaniaoccultatavar.populina (Llop 56060303, S), cubic spores BRostaniaceranisca (Westberg L271_PL433, UPS), oblong spores; ascus (red line) with only four mature spores visible but remnants of four aborted spores can be seen (arrows) CRostaniacallibotrys (Sipman 2049, GZU), oblong spores. Scale bar: 10 µm.