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FIG. 1. — Areas VI-V-VI in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 1. — Areas VI-V-VI patterns of the pharynx shaped by the ridges and furrows: A-C, Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. with a λ-shaped pattern; D-F, Perinereis nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) with a χ-shaped pattern; G-I, Perinereis larentukana (Grube in Peters, 1881) n. comb. with a υ-shaped pattern; J-L, Perinereis shikueii Glasby & Hsieh, 2006 with a ɔc-shaped pattern; A, D, G, J, dorsal portion of oral ring; B, E, H, K, same with a slightly irregular line drawings on the shape formed by AVI-V-VI pattern; C, F, I, L, symmetrical line drawings of the AVI-V-VI patterns. Scale bars: 1 mm. J, K, after Glasby & Hsieh (2006).

FIG. 4 in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 4. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb. lectotype (NMHW 769a): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); A, B, with bent dorsal cirri; E, black arrowheads, points used for measuring entire length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule; white, same but for proximal lobe; F, with incomplete dorsal cirri; black arrowheads, central glandular patch; white, proximal patch; G, H, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 39 and 60, respectively) (arrows point thick, separated teeth); I, Heterogomph spiniger (chaet. 60); inset: proximal teeth; J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 60); K, same, subacicular (chaet. 60); black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of blade of the proximal end (a); white, same but for distal end (b); L, same, subacicular (chaet. 119), black arrowheads, points used for measuring length of the serrated region; white, same but for entire length of blade. Scale bars: A-F, 0.5 mm; G-L, 15 µm.

FIG. 8 in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 8. — Perinereis larentukana (Grube in Peters, 1881) n. comb., syntypes (ZMB 863): A-D, I-K, from best-preserved specimen; E-H, L, from complete specimen; A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium, dorsal view (arrow points nuchal organ); C, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; D, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrows point canals); E, maxillary ring of pharynx, frontal view; F, oral ring, frontal view; G, same, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); H, same, ventral view; I, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 10) (arrow points slender, evenly spaced teeth); J, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 10); M, same, subacicular (chaet.10); L, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 3 mm; B, H, L, 1 mm; C, E-G, 0.5 mm; D, 0.1 mm; I-L, 15 µm.

FIG. 9 in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 9. — Perinereis larentukana (Grube in Peters, 1881) n. comb. best-preserved syntype (ZMB 863): A-F, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); F, with bent ventral cirri. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 7 in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 7. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb.: A-E, topotype of Perinereis namibia Wilson & Glasby, 1993, n. syn. (ZMB 4109b): A, maxillary ring of pharynx, frontal view; B, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); C, same, ventral view; D, parapodium 74, anterior view; E, approach to homogomph spinigers (chaet. 74), notopodial (left), neuropodial supracicular (right) (arrows point thickened, separated teeth). F-K, Perinereis vallata (Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858), non-type (ZMB 3666); F, approach to neuropodial supracicular homogomph spiniger (chaet. 76) (arrow points barely thickened, evenly spaced teeth); G, anterior region, dorsal view; H, maxillary ring, frontal view (arrows point merged paragnaths); I, oral ring, dorsal view (arrow points distal portion of χ-shaped pattern); J, pharynx, ventral view; K, same, lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, 0.5 mm; B, C, G, I-K, 1 mm; E, F, 15 µm.

FIG. 5 in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 5. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., holotype of Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865 n. syn. (SMNH 37900): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); C, oral ring of pharynx, lateral view; D, same, ventral view; E, posterior region, ventral view; F-I, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); J, approach of notopodial homogomph spinigers (chaet. 45) (arrows point thicker, separated teeth); K, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, subacicular (chaet. 45); L, permanent microscope slide, mounted 27th parapodia (SMNH 37900, housed at the NHMUK). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F-H, 0.5 mm; I, 0.3 mm; J, K, 15 µm.

FIG. 3 in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 3. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb: A, recent (above) and older (below) labels of the jars containing paralectotype materials at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMHW 771); B, C, lectotype (NMHW 769a); D-I, Paralectotype (NMHW 771); B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, posterior region, dorsal view; D, pharynx, anterior view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); E, same, ventral view; F, same, dorsal view; inset: entire λ-shaped pattern (arrow points proximal overlap of areas V and VI); G, same, lateral view (arrow points narrow gap); H, left jaw, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views; I, same, zoom-in, ventral view (arrow: canals). Scale bars: B, C, 3 mm; D-G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm.

FIG. 2 in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 2. — Perinereis nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818), topotypes (ZMB 4019-Q): A, F, I-P, from complete specimen; B-E, G, from incomplete specimen; A, anterior region, dorsal view; inset: left nuchal organ; B, right jaw, ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views; C, same, close up of pulp cavity, ventral view (arrow points canal); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, pharynx, lateral view; F, oral ring of pharynx, dorsal view; black arrowhead, distal portion of χ-shaped pattern; white arrowhead, proximal portion of χ-shaped pattern; black arrow, pointing anterior region; G, pharynx, ventral view; H-K, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); L, neuropodial homogomph spiniger, supracicular (chaet. 64); M, heterogomph spiniger, subacicular (chaet. 24); N, heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 24); O, same, subacicular (chaet. 119); P, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 3 mm; B, D-G, P, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; H-K, 0.5 mm; L-O, 15 µm.

FIG. 6 in Redescription of two overlooked species of the Perinereis nuntia complex and morphological delimitation of P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) from the Red Sea (Annelida, Nereididae)

FIG. 6. — Perinereis latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) n. comb., syntypes of Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904 n. syn. (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26); A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, right jaw, ventral view (arrows point canals); D, maxillary ring of pharynx, ventral view; E, oral ring of pharynx, ventral view (arrow points distal portion of λ-shaped pattern); F, posterior region, dorsal view; G-J, parapodia, anterior view (numbers refer the chaetiger); K, approach of notopodial homogomph spiniger (chaet. 41) (arrow points thicker, separated teeth); L, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, supracicular (chaet. 41); M, same, subacicular (chaet. 41); N, permanent microscope slide with mounted 8th, 33rd and 73rd parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26a); O, same, 28th parapodia (NHMUK 1911.2.1.23-26b). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, E, G-J, 0.5 mm; K-M, 15 µm.

Fig. 13 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 13. Arrangement of paragnaths in the ridge and furrow regions of areas VII–VIII in species of Perinereis Kinberg, 1865. Filled figures with solid edges represent paragnaths observed in all specimens examined, no-filled figures with dashed edges represent paragnaths observed in some specimens only.

Fig. 12 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 12. Perinereis cariboea De León-González & Solís-Weiss, 1998. Non-types (ECOSUR P3209). A. Whole specimen, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, dorsal view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium. F. Chaetiger 6, right parapodium. G. Chaetiger 12, right parapodium. H. Chaetiger 14, right parapodium. I. Chaetiger 18, right parapodium. J. Chaetiger 35, right parapodium in anterior (left) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B–D = 1 mm; E = 0.25 mm; F–J = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 11 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 11. Perinereis floridana (Ehlers, 1868). Non-types (ECOSUR P1100). A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Posterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium. D. Chaetiger 10, right parapodium. E. Chaetiger 28, right parapodium. F. Chaetiger 61, right parapodium. G. Chaetiger 91, right parapodium. H. Left jaw, dorsal view. I. Supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 61. J. Subacicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 61. K. Sub-acicular heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 61. L. Supra-acicular homogomph spiniger, chaetiger 61. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–H = 0.25 mm; I–J = 10 μm; K–L = 50 μm.

Fig. 10 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 10. Perinereis floridana (Ehlers, 1868). Syntypes of Nereis floridana (MCZ ANNa-119). A. Whole specimen, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Pharynx, dorsal view. D. Pharynx, ventral view. E. Supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 6. F. Supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 17. G. Sub-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 6. H. Sub-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 17. I. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium. J. Chaetiger 6, right parapodium. K. Chaetiger 10, right parapodium. L. Chaetiger 17, right parapodium. M. Chaetiger 18, right parapodium. N. Chaetiger 40, right parapodium. O. Chaetiger 95, right parapodium. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm; E–H = 10 μm; I–O = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 9 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 9. Perinereis websteri sp. nov. A–G, I–N. Holotype (USNM 1490807). H. Paratype (USNM 1490809). A. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium. B. Chaetiger 10, right parapodium. C. Chaetiger 31, right parapodium. D. Chaetiger 50, right parapodium. E. Chaetiger 70, right parapodium. F. Chaetiger 75, right parapodium. G. Chaetiger 82, right parapodium. H. Chaetiger 100, right parapodium. I. Right jaw, dorsal view. J. Supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 31. K. Supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 75. L. Sub-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 31. M. Sub-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 75. N. Sub-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 82. Scale bars: A–F, H = 0.2 mm; G, I = 0.1 mm; J–N = 10 μm.

Fig. 8 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 8. Perinereis websteri sp. nov. A, F–G. Holotype (USNM 1490807). B–C, H. Paratype (USNM 1490809). D–E. Non-type (USNM 14900805). A. Whole specimen, dorsal view. B. Pharynx, dorsal view. C. Same, ventral view. D. Pharynx, dorsal view. E. Same, ventral view. F. Anterior end, dorsal view. G. Posterior end, dorsal view. H. Pharynx, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1.5 mm; B–H = 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 6. Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884). Topotype male (USNM 1480197). A. Right jaw, dorsal view. B. Chaetiger 2, left parapodium. C. Chaetiger 3, left parapodium. D. Chaetiger 7, left parapodium. E. Chaetiger 10, left parapodium. F. Chaetiger 14, left parapodium. G. Chaetiger 15, left parapodium. H. Chaetiger 30, left parapodium. I. Chaetiger 50, left parapodium. J. Chaetiger 72, left parapodium. Scale bars: A–B, J = 0.1 mm; C–I = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 7 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 7. Perinereis websteri sp. nov. Non-types (USNM 1660577, from syntype series of Nereis bairdii Webster, 1884). A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Pharynx, dorsal view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Chaetiger 10, left parapodium. F. Chaetiger 43, left parapodium. G. Chaetiger 69, left parapodium. H. Chaetiger 84, left parapodium. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm; E–G = 0.2 mm; H = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 5. Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884). Topotype male (USNM 1480197). A. Whole specimen, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Posterior end, dorsal view. E. Pharynx dissected, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 4 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 4. Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884). Topotypes (USNM 1480190). A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Posterior end, dorsal view. C. Supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 59. D. Sub-acicular heterogomph falcigers, chaetiger 59. E. Right jaw, dorsal view. F. Chaetiger 1, left parapodium. G. Chaetiger 10, left parapodium. H. Chaetiger 21, left parapodium. I. Chaetiger 41, left parapodium. J. Chaetiger 59, left parapodium. K. Chaetiger 72, left parapodium. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm; C–D = 10 μm; E = 0.25 mm; F–K = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 3 in Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Fig. 3. Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884). A–C, G–J. Lectotype of Nereis bairdii (USNM 4786). D–F. Paralectotypes (USNM 1660576). A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Posterior end, dorsal view. C. Pharynx, ventral view. D. Left jaw, dorsal view. E. Pharynx, ventral view. F. Pharynx, lateral view. G. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium. H. Chaetiger 11, right parapodium. I. Chaetiger 34, right parapodium. J. Chaetiger 57, right parapodium. Scale bars: A–C, E–F = 0.5 mm; D, G–J = 0.1 mm.