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Figure 6 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 6. Distal end of humerus (cranial view) showing differences in excavation of the fossa m. brachialis in (A) Phalacrocorax varius and (B) P. carbo.

Figure 5 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 5. Proximal end of humerus (cranial view) showing differences in distal delimitation of the impressio coracobrachialis in (A) Phalacrocorax fuscescens and (B) P. varius.

Figure 7 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 7. Proximal end of the ventral side of the carpometacarpus (ventral view) showing differences in excavation for the insertion of M. flexor digiti II in (A) Phalacrocorax carbo, (B) P. varius and (C) P. fuscescens.

Figure 1 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 1. Location of portions of Cooper and Warburton Creeks, South Australia, relevant to this study.

Figure 8 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 8. Proximal end of femur (lateral view) showing differences in development of the cranial border of the facies articularis antitrochantericus between (A) Phalacrocorax and (B) Anhinga.

Figure 4 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 4. Shoulder end of coracoid (dorsal view) showing similarities in morphology and size between (A) QM3755 and (B) Ardea herodias.

Figure 10 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 10. Distal end of femur (caudal view) showing differences in robustness of the trochlea fibularis between (A) Phalacrocorax and (B) Anhinga.

Figure 3 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 3. Shoulder end of coracoid (dorsolateral view) showing differences in the width of the sternal end of facies articularis humeralis between (A) Phalacrocorax varius and (B) P. fuscescens.

Figure 11 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 11. Pelvis (dorsal view) showing differences in development of the crista iliaca dorsalis between (A) Phalacrocorax and (B) Anhinga.

Figure 2 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 2. Measurements of the proximal end of the femur for extant Australian species of cormorant Phalacrocorax illustrating sexual size dimorphism within species and overlap between species. Species: squares, Phalacrocorax carbo; circles, P. varius; diamonds, P. fuscescens; triangles, P. sulcirostris; square with dot, P. melanoleucos; circle with dot, Anhinga novaehollandiae. Sex: males, black; females, white; unsexed, half and half.

Figure 9 in A Revision of C. W. De Vis' Fossil Cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae)

Figure 9. Proximal end of femur (cranial view) showing differences in extent of craniocaudal expansion of the trochanteric region between (A) Phalacrocorax and (B) Anhinga.

Figure 3 in Genetic and morphological evidence for two species of Leucocarbo shag (Aves, Pelecaniformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from southern South Island of New Zealand

Figure 3. Parsimony-based network reconstruction of Chatham Island (green), Otago (blue), and Foveaux (red) shags. Haplotypes are represented by circles. The number of sequences within each haplotype is indicated by the size of the circles and shown by the numbers. Two haplotypes are connected by a line if they are separated by one mutation; each additional mutation is indicated by a small black dot. Light colouring refers to extinct (premodern, i.e. pre-1890 AD) haplotypes, whereas dark colouring refers to extant (modern, i.e. post-1890 AD) haplotypes.

Figure 4 in Genetic and morphological evidence for two species of Leucocarbo shag (Aves, Pelecaniformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from southern South Island of New Zealand

Figure 4. The Bayesian phylogram of Leucocarbo shags from an analysis with a single individual of each haplotype (from BEAST v. 1.7.4). Apart from the two outgroup taxa, the labels show the species (Leucocarbo chalconotus, Leucocarbo onslowi, and Leucocarbo stewarti) with the haplotype in parentheses (for haplotype designation see Table S5). The

Figure 5 in Genetic and morphological evidence for two species of Leucocarbo shag (Aves, Pelecaniformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from southern South Island of New Zealand

Figure 5. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) of pooled cranial and postcranial measurements. A, combined cranial and postcranial measurements of 18 Otago, five Foveaux, and eight Chatham Island shags [DFA loadings: LD1, greatest breadth across the processus postfrontales (GBP) -0.67; femora (fem) -1.0; tarsometatarsi (tmt) 0.91. LD2, greatest breadth across the crania (GB) -0.58; smallest breadth between the orbits on the dorsal side (smallest breadth of the pars nasalis of the frontale) (SBO) 0.82; greatest length of one-half of the mandible (apex to the most aboral point of the mandible) (GLman) -1.21; length from the most aboral point of the facies articularis on one side of the apex (Laf) 2.0; tmt 1.31]; B, cranial measurements of 22 Otago, five Foveaux, and 12 Chatham Island shags (DFA loadings: LD1 GB -0.54. DF2: GBP -0.52; GLman 0.53; Laf 1.19); C, postcranial measurements of 25 Otago, ten Foveaux, and 21 Chatham Island shags (DFA loadings: LD1, fem -0.65; LD2 fem 0.52). Otago shags, blue squares; Foveaux shags, red triangles; and Chatham Island shags, green diamonds.

Figure 6 in Genetic and morphological evidence for two species of Leucocarbo shag (Aves, Pelecaniformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from southern South Island of New Zealand

Figure 6. Principal component analysis (PCA) of pooled measurements from museum skins for 21 Otago shags (blue squares), 34 Foveaux shags (red triangles), and seven Chatham Island shags (green diamonds). Type specimens for Otago shag (Gracalus chalconotus, Graculus glaucus, and Phalacrocorax huttoni) and Foveaux shag (Phalacrocorax stewarti) are shown with labelled black circles. PC1 loadings> 0.5/<-0.5, PC2 loading Phal 0.82.

Figure 2 in Genetic and morphological evidence for two species of Leucocarbo shag (Aves, Pelecaniformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from southern South Island of New Zealand

Figure 2. Carunculation and gular pouch colour in pied morphs of Chatham Island, Otago, and Foveaux shags. The Chatham Island shag (left) has pronounced bright orange facial caruncles and gular pouch; the Otago shag (centre) has equal frequencies of small bright orange facial caruncles (shown) and dark orange scattered papillae (not shown), and bright to dark orange (shown) or purple (not shown) gular pouch; the Foveaux shag (right) has scattered dark orange papillae (shown) and bright to dark orange (shown) gular pouch. Photos (not to scale) courtesy of New Zealand Birds Online (John Kendrick, left and Brian Bell, right) and Hiltrun Ratz (centre).

Figure 1 in Genetic and morphological evidence for two species of Leucocarbo shag (Aves, Pelecaniformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from southern South Island of New Zealand

Figure 1. Distributional and morphological data for Otago, Foveaux, and Chatham Island shags. A, map of New Zeal- and showing the location of the Chatham Islands and Otago/Foveaux Strait study sites. Blue circles represent the prehistoric distribution of Otago shag outside the study area. B, distribution of Chatham Island shag breeding colonies and roosting sites (green circles). The Chatham Island shag exhibits pied plumage only (white pie chart) with pronounced bright orange caruncles in breeding plumage (orange pie chart). C, distribution of Otago (blue circles) and Foveaux (red circles) shag breeding colonies and roosting sites. Otago shag populations have 20–30% pied morphs (pie charts; black: dark-bronze; white: pied) and 50:50% small bright orange caruncles: dark orange scattered papillae in prenuptial breeding plumage (pie charts; yellow: small bright orange caruncles; grey: dark orange scattered papillae) compared with 50– 60% pied morph and dark orange scattered papillae in prenuptial breeding plumage in the Foveaux shag. In (C), multiple breeding colonies and roosting sites are represented at the following locations (from north to south): Otago Peninsula including Long Beach, Aramoana, Otago Harbour, Taiaroa Head, Boulder Beach, Papanui Beach, Allans Beach, Wharekakahu Island, and Gull Rocks; Seal Rocks and Ruapuke Island; Easy Harbour and Shag Rock. In (C), the Leucocarbo shag species illustrating plumage characters are: pied morph (Otago shag), bronze morph (Foveaux shag), small caruncles (Otago shag), and scattered papillae (Foveaux shag). Figure adapted from Rawlence et al. (2014).

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Figure 4. A in Descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of a new genus and two new species of Oligo-Miocene cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) from Australia

Figure 4. A strict consensus tree of 137 most parsimonious trees, length 430, from parsimony analysis of the reduced taxon set, with all characters unordered and equally weighted. Bootstrap values (1000 replicates) greater than 50% shown above branches.

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Figure 3 in Descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of a new genus and two new species of Oligo-Miocene cormorants (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) from Australia

Figure 3. Nambashag microglaucus sp. nov.: Right femur (SAM P.32584), holotype, in caudal (A), anterior (B), and lateral (C) views; distal right tibiotarsus (SAM P.32583) in cranial view (D); right tarsometatarsus (AMNH 10782) in dorsal (E), medial (F), lateral (G), and plantar (H) views; distal left humerus (SAM P.32587) in cranial aspect (I); proximal left ulna (SAM P.32588) in ventrocranial (J) and cranial (K) aspects. Scale bars = 10 mm. Abbreviations: fb, fossa M. brachialis; col, condylus lateralis; com, condylus medialis; ehl, groove for the M. extensor hallicus longus; fdl, tendinal canal for M. flexor digitorum longus; fhl, tendinal canal for M. flexor hallicus longus; fmI, fossa metatarsi I; fvd, foramen vasculare distale; hyp, hypotarsus; ir, incisura radialis; Mc, insertion for M. caudofemoralis; Mfhl, origin for M. flexor hallicus longus; Mfi, insertion for M. flexor ischiofemoralis; Mp, insertion for M. psoas; pcd, proc. cotyla dorsalis; psd, proc. supracondylaris dorsalis; saIV, sulcus for M. abductor digiti IV; tcv, tuber. lig. collateralis ventralis; trf, tuber. retinaculi M. fibularis; tsv, tuber. supracondylare ventrale.