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Fig. 7 in Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species

Fig. 7. Two stream habitats in Kalimantan Selatan sampled in 2007: A, Type locality of Phenacostethus sikat, the Jorong River at 20.7 m above sea level (3°58.794 S, 114°56.375 E). B, Sampanahan River at Sampanahan Hulu at 7 m above sea level (2°37.745 S, 116°11.170 E).

Fig. 6 in Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species

Fig. 6. Collection localities of freshwater and coastal fishes from Kalimantan that included specimens of the genus Phenacostethus. TGK01/ TGK32 and TGK02, localities of Phenacostethus sikat. The holotype was collected at TGK01. TGK18 is the locality of Phenacostethus sp. 1, represented by one specimen (USNM 443825) distantly separated from Phe. sikat in mt COI data (see Table 4 and Discussion). Blue dots represent other localities sampled in August 2007 which included no phallostethid specimens. Yellow lines are roads. Base map from Microsoft Encarta Interactive World Atlas 2001.

Fig. 4 in Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species

Fig. 4. Anterior portion of the body of specimens from which the caudal portion was removed in the field. DNA was extracted from the caudal portion for mtCOI (barcode) analysis. Above, Phenacostethus sikat, USNM 443826; below, Phenacostethus sp. 1, USNM 443825. Bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species

Fig. 3. Phenacostethus sikat, holotype, MZB 25501, male, 13.4 mm SL. A, lateral view of head and priapium; B, ventral view of head and priapium; C, lateral view of priapium focused on brush—like seminal papilla. Phenacostethus smithi, USNM 329582, male, 16.1 mm SL. D, lateral view of head and priapium; E, ventral view of head and priapium; F, lateral view of priapium focused on ruffled seminal papilla. Bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Phenacostethus sikat. A in Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species

Fig. 2. Phenacostethus sikat. A, Holotype, MZB 25501, male, 13.4 mm SL. The caudal fin is damaged and incomplete. B, Paratype, USNM 443824, female, 13.8 mm SL. Bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species

Fig. 5. MicroCT scans to illustrate skeletal and some soft tissue anatomy of the priapium in A, Phenacostethus sikat, MZB 25501, holotype, left lateral view of a sinistral male; and B, Phenacostethus smithi, USNM 329581, left lateral view of a dextral male. Names of priapial components follow Parenti (1989). The distal tip of the toxactinium, the prominent, anterior, hooked bone, is damaged in both specimens. Bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species

Fig. 1. Distribution of the phallostethin fishes discussed herein. The genus Phenacostethus: Phe. sikat (black star, southeastern Borneo), Phe. sp. 1 (black diamond, southeastern Borneo), Phe. trewavasae (gray circles, Sarawak and Brunei, northwestern Borneo), Phe. smithi (black circles, Thailand, Cambodia, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Brunei), and Phe. posthon (black squares, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra). Details of the collection localities of Phe. sikat are given in the text. The genus Phallostethus (black triangles): Pha. dunckeri (Muar, Peninsular Malaysia), Pha. cuulong (Vietnamese Mekong), and Pha. lehi (Sarawak and Brunei, northwestern Borneo). Map includes information from Roberts (1971a: fig. 1). Each symbol may represent more than one collection.

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Figure 3 in First record Neostethus bicornis (Phallostethidae: Atheriniformes) for Sumatran waters, Indonesia

Figure 3. The live specimens of female N.bicornis caught on 17 March 2018 in Bungin River, Banyuasin district, South Sumatra province, Indonesia (not preserved).

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Figure 2 in First record Neostethus bicornis (Phallostethidae: Atheriniformes) for Sumatran waters, Indonesia

Figure 2. The preserved specimen of N. bicornis caught at freshwater habitat near mouth of Musi river on 8 April 2018 in Musi River, Banyuasin district, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia (Photo: Muhammad Iqbal).

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Figure 1 in First record Neostethus bicornis (Phallostethidae: Atheriniformes) for Sumatran waters, Indonesia

Figure 1. Map showing location of N. bicornis in South Sumatran waters.

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FIGURE 2 in Phallostethus cuulong, a new species of priapiumfish (Actinopterygii: Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) from the Vietnamese Mekong

FIGURE 2. Preserved specimen of Phallostethus cuulong, showing dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views. ZRC 53233, holotype (male), 24.2 mm SL, Sóc Träng Province, Vietnam. Photographed and retouched by L.X. Tran.

FIGURE 1 in Phallostethus cuulong, a new species of priapiumfish (Actinopterygii: Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) from the Vietnamese Mekong

FIGURE 1. Freshly-collected specimens of Phallostethus cuulong. A) CTU-P 2494, male, 22.5 mm SL, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam; B) CTU-P 2327, female, 23.7 mm SL, Sóc Träng Province, Vietnam. Photographed and retouched by L.X. Tran and K. Shibukawa, respectively.

FIGURE 4 in Phallostethus cuulong, a new species of priapiumfish (Actinopterygii: Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) from the Vietnamese Mekong

FIGURE 4. Lateral view of head and anterior part of body of cleared and stained specimen of Phallostethus cuulong. CTU-P 5020, male, 23.5 mm SL. Photographed by L.X. Tran.

FIGURE 3 in Phallostethus cuulong, a new species of priapiumfish (Actinopterygii: Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) from the Vietnamese Mekong

FIGURE 3. Head and anterior part of body of Phallostethus cuulong. A) lateral view of left side of head and body of male, ZRC 53233, holotype, 24.2 mm SL; B) lateral view of right side of head and body of male (same specimen with A); C) lateral view of head and body of female, USNM 404477; D) ventral view of head and body of female (same specimen with C). Specimens are temporally stained with cyanine blue. Photographed and retouched by L.X. Tran and K. Shibukawa, respectively.