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FIGURE 7 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 7 | Unpreserved aquarium specimen supposedly of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (approximately 60 mm SL) from Madre de Dios River basin, Peru, showing its color in life. Photographed by Steven Grant.

FIGURE 6 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 6 | Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata. A. MTD F 17472, paratype, 33.2 mm SL, Peru, Ucayali departament, Tierra Roja, Ucayali River basin (Photographed by Mario Richter). B. IAvH-P 10948, 45.0 mm SL, Colombia, Amazonas River basin, Leticia, PNN Amacayacu (Photographed by Juan Gabriel A. Garzón). C. MCP 53512, 40.0 mm SL, Brazil, Tapajós River basin, Itapacurazinho river. D. AUM 36000, 24.8 mm SL, Guyana, Rupununi River, tributary of the Branco River basin (Photographed by Jonathan Armbruster). Scale bars = 1 cm.

FIGURE 1 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 1 | Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata, MTD F 20728, holotype, 37.6 mm SL, Peru, Departamento de Ucayali, Tierra Roja, near Pucallpa: A. Dorsal, B. Left lateral, and C. Ventral views. Photographed by Mario Richter.

FIGURE 3 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 3 | Radiographic images of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata, MTD F 17472, paratype, 33.2 mm SL: A. Left lateral and B. Ventral views. Photographed by Mario Richter.

FIGURE 5 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 5 | Lateral view of caudal vertebrae of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata, MCP 53512, 40.0 mm SL: A. Hemal spines bifids between vertebrae 24 and 32 (arrows) associated with pterygiophores of the anal fin; B. Posterior vertebrae and caudal skeleton. Abbreviations: EPU, epural; HU1+HU2, ventral hypural plate formed by coossification of hypurals 1 and 2; HU3+HU4, dorsal hypural plate formed by co-ossification of hypurals 3 and 4; HU5, dorsal hypural plate 5; PH, parhypural; PU1+U1, complex centrum composed of preural centrum 1 and ural centrum 1; UR, uroneral. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 2 | Radiographic images of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata, MTD F 20728, holotype, 37.6 mm SL: A. Left lateral and B. Ventral views. Photographed by Mario Richter.

FIGURE 9 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 9 | Dispersion of individual scores of first two principal component analysis of four populations of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (blue dots = Ucayali River basin; brown dots = Amayacu River basin; green dots = Madeira River basin; black dots = Tapajós River basin), P. boliviana (gray dots = Beni River basin), and P. unifasciata (purple dots = Upper Paraná River basin).

FIGURE 8 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 8 | Geographical distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata in the western Amazon basin. Black star represents the type locality in Peru; black dots represent remaining known localities. One dot may represent more than one lot.

FIGURE 4 in Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 4 | Illustration of the cranium of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata, dorsal view, MCP 53512, 40.0 mm SL. Abbreviations: af, anterior fontanel; AN, antorbital; AP, autopalatine; EP, epioccipital; ES, extrascapula; EX, exoccipital; FR, frontal; i1–6, infraorbital sensory branches 1 to 6; LE, lateral ethmoid; ME, mesethmoid; MX, maxilla; NA, nasal; pf, posterior fontanel; PRE, premaxilla; PT, pterotic; s1–8, supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 8; s2+i2) supraorbital sensory branch 2 + infraorbital sensory branch 2; SP, sphenotic; SOC, supraoccipital; SOCP, supraoccipital process. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in New species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Xingu River basin

FIGURE 7 | Geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia suia in Brazilian Shield. Black star = holotype. Red circles = paratypes localities.

FIGURE 6 in New species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Xingu River basin

FIGURE 6 | Radiograph images of the holotype of Phenacorhamdia suia, MNRJ 24850, 81.8 mm SL. Lateral (top) and ventral (bottom) views.

FIGURE 3 in New species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Xingu River basin

FIGURE 3 | Left dentary of Phenacorhamdia suia, paratype, LBP 15886, 51.3 mm SL (c&s). A. Dorsal view of medial portion of dentary teeth (scale bar = 0.1 mm) and B. Dorsal view of entirely dentary teeth (scale bar = 0.5 mm).

FIGURE 4 in New species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Xingu River basin

FIGURE 4 | Lateral, dorsal and ventral view of head of Phenacorhamdia suia, LBP 15886, 79.9 mm SL, paratype, showing the cephalic laterosensory pores. Infraorbital pores (i1–i6); Preoperculomandibular pores (pm1–pm11); Postotic pores (po1–po2); Supraorbital pores (s1–s3, and s8).

FIGURE 1 in New species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Xingu River basin

FIGURE 1 | Phenacorhamdia suia, MNRJ 24850, holotype, 81.8 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, São Félix do Araguaia, upper Xingu River basin. Photographed by Dario Faustino-Fuster.

FIGURE 5 in New species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Xingu River basin

FIGURE 5 | Lateral view of bifid hemal spines of vertebrae 27 to 31, located dorsally to anal-fin pterygiophores. Phenacorhamdia suia, paratype, LBP 15886 (1 c&s), 51.3 mm SL.

FIGURE 2 in New species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Xingu River basin

FIGURE 2 | Phenacorhamdia suia, paratypes, LBP 15886: A. 79.9 mm SL; B. 65.7 mm SL; C. 56.0 mm SL. Photographed by Lais Reia.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Phenacorhamdia Dahl 1961 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Paranapanema River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Habitat of Phenacorhamdia roxoi, a stream of the Córrego Hortelã, tributary of the Rio Turvo in Paranapanema River basin.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Phenacorhamdia Dahl 1961 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Paranapanema River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Phenacorhamdia roxoi. Red Star = holotype. White circles = paratype localities.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Phenacorhamdia Dahl 1961 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Paranapanema River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Left column Phenacorhamdia roxoi, paratypes: a) LBP 29850, 69.0 mm SL; b) LBP 28707, 50.0 mm SL; c) LBP 28707, 42.6 mm SL. Right column, Penacorhamdia tenebrosa, topotypes, LBP 29845, d) 45.7 mm SL; e) 37.4 mm SL f) 30.5 mm SL.

FIGURE 1. Phenacorhamdia roxoi, MZUSP 125819, 63.8 in A new species of Phenacorhamdia Dahl 1961 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Paranapanema River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Phenacorhamdia roxoi, MZUSP 125819, 63.8 mm SL, holotype, from São Paulo State, Botucatu Municipality, Córrego Hortelã, rio Paranapanema, Upper Paraná River basin. (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view and (c) ventral view.