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Dataset results
14 results for “Phenotype space”
Fig. 4 in Variability Of The Phenotypic Composition Of Cepaea Hortensis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) In Western Ukraine: In Space And Time
Fig. 4. Theoretical ratio of genotype frequencies among carriers of the recessive allele (presence of bands) depending on the percentage of banded individuals at the site.
Fig. 2 in Variability Of The Phenotypic Composition Of Cepaea Hortensis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) In Western Ukraine: In Space And Time
Fig. 2. The number of studied sites in Lviv with different frequencies of banded, yellow and white unbanded shells. The numerals on the abscissa indicate the frequency intervals: 0 — absent, 1 — up to 10 %, 2 — from 11 to 20 %, etc.
Fig. 1 in Variability Of The Phenotypic Composition Of Cepaea Hortensis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) In Western Ukraine: In Space And Time
Fig. 1. Location of the sites in Lviv used for the quantitative study of the shell coloration variability of C. hortensis in 1999–2004 (A) and in 2015–2021 (B).
Datasets and scripts from: Sensory-based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals no support for parallel phenotypic evolution in multivariate trait space
<p>Parallel evolution, in which independent populations evolve along similar phenotypic trajectories, offers insights into the repeatability of adaptive evolution. Here, we revisit a classic example of parallelism, that of repeated evolution of brighter males in the Trinidadian guppy (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>). In guppies, colonisation of low predation habitats is associated with emergence of 'more colourful' phenotypes since predator-induced viability selection for crypsis weakens while sexual selection by female preference for conspicuousness remains strong. Our study differs from previous investigations in three respects. First, we adopt a multivariate phenotyping approach to characterise parallelism in multi-trait space. Second, we use ecologically-relevant colour traits defined by the visual systems of the two selective agents (i.e. guppy, predatory cichlid). Third, we estimate population genetic structure to test for adaptive (parallel) evolution against a model of neutral phenotypic divergence. We find strong phenotypic differentiation that is inconsistent with a neutral model but very limited support for the predicted pattern of greater conspicuousness at low predation. Effects of predation regime on each trait were in the expected direction, but weak, largely non-significant, and explained little among-population variation. In multi-trait space, phenotypic trajectories of lineages colonising low from high predation regimes were not parallel. Our results are consistent with reduced predation risk facilitating adaptive differentiation, potentially by female choice, but suggest that this proceeds in independent directions of multi-trait space across lineages. Pool-sequencing data also revealed SNPs showing greater differentiation than expected under neutrality, among which some are found in genes contributing to colour pattern variation, presenting opportunities for future genetic study.</p>
Depicting the phenotypic space of the annual plant Diplotaxis acris in hyper-arid deserts
<p class="CxSpFirst">The phenotypic space encompasses the assemblage of trait combinations yielding well-suited integrated phenotypes. At the population level, understanding phenotypic space structure requires the quantification of among- and within-population variation in traits and the correlation pattern among them. Here, we studied the phenotypic space of the annual plant <i>Diplotaxis acris</i> occurring in hyper-arid deserts. Given the advance of warming and aridity in vast regions occupied by drylands, <i>D. acris</i> can indicate the successful evolutionary trajectory that many other annual plant species may follow in expanding drylands. To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with 176 <i>D. acris</i> individuals from five Saudi populations to quantify the genetic component of variation in architectural and life-history traits. We found low among-population divergence but high among-individual variation in all traits. In addition, all traits showed a high degree of genetic determination in our study experimental conditions. We did not find significant effects of recruitment and fecundity on fitness. Finally, all architectural traits exhibited a strong correlation pattern among them, whereas for life-history traits, only higher seed germination implied earlier flowering. Seed weight appeared to be an important trait in <i>D. acris</i>, as individuals with heavier seeds tended to advance flowering and have a more vigorous branching pattern, which led to higher fecundity. Population divergence in <i>D. acris</i> might be constrained by the severity of the hyper-arid environment, but populations maintain high among-individual genetic variation in all traits. Furthermore, <i>D. acris</i> showed phenotypic integration for architectural traits and, to a lesser extent, for life-history traits. Overall, we hypothesize that <i>D. acris</i> may be fine-tuned to its demanding extreme environments. Evolutionary speaking, annual plants facing increasing warming, aridity and environmental seasonality might modify their phenotypic spaces towards new phenotypic configurations strongly dominated by correlated architectural traits enhancing fecundity and seed-related traits advancing flowering time.</p>
Depicting the phenotypic space of the annual plant Diplotaxis acris in hyper-arid deserts
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Datasets and scripts from: Sensory-based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals no support for parallel phenotypic evolution in multivariate trait space
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Data from: Phenotypic selection exerted by a seed predator is replicated in space and time and among prey species
Although consistent phenotypic selection arising from biotic interactions is thought to be the primary cause of adaptive diversification, studies documenting such selection are relatively few. Here we analyze 12 episodes of phenotypic selection exerted by a predispersal seed predator, the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra complex), on five species of pines (Pinus). We find that even though the intensity of selection for some traits increased with the strength of the interaction (i.e., proportion of seeds eaten), the relative strength of selection exerted by crossbills on cone and seed traits is replicated across space, time, and among species. Such selection (1) can account for repeated patterns of conifer cone evolution, and escalation in seed defenses with time, and (2) suggests that variation in selection is less the result of variation intrinsic to pairwise biotic interactions than, for example, variation in relative densities of the interacting species, community context, and abiotic factors.
Data from: Niche theory and its relation to morphology and phenotype in geographic space: a case study in woodpeckers (Picidae)
Ecogeographic analyses have recovered common environmental trends with respect to morphology; however discrepancies among trends exist. Hypothesized reasons for these divergences vary, but most relate a taxon's morphology to its ecological niche. Morphology is known to diverge when species co-occur with competitors or predators and when species occur across different habitats and environments. A less understood divergence from ecogeographic trends is niche fixation, wherein species become locked into particular niches due to their community interactions or foraging ecology. A form of niche fixation has been hypothesized in the theory of Interspecies Social Dominance Mimicry (ISDM), in which mimics maintain relatively constant size ratios with models to perpetuate their mimicry. If true, mimics should display variation and trends in tandem with their models. Here, I use mass as a proxy for body size and examine ecogeographic trends in two sets of woodpeckers (Picidae): a Nearctic group which has been reported to interact via ISDM, and a Neotropical group which, based on similar appearances and overlapping distributions, is a potential ISDM system. I found ecogeographic trends suggestive of differential evolutionary responses, and I found evidence against niche fixation in the Nearctic clade. The Neotropic clade showed limited evidence for tandem size evolution between models and mimics, but inconsistencies in the size ratios between mimic and model populations. Here, I discuss the implications of observing divergent ecogeographic trends within mimicry systems, with specific emphasis on how environment, ecology, and community interactions guide evolution.
Data from: Phenotypic selection exerted by a seed predator is replicated in space and time and among prey species
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Data from: Niche theory and its relation to morphology and phenotype in geographic space: a case study in woodpeckers (Picidae)
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Fig. 3 in Variability Of The Phenotypic Composition Of Cepaea Hortensis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) In Western Ukraine: In Space And Time
Fig. 3. Location of all (main and additional) sites in Lviv, where only the variants of shell coloration common for Western Ukraine (A) or any other coloration variants (B) were registered in 2015–2021.
Space radiation induces distinct senescent phenotypes: Implications for space travel [scRNA-Seq]
GEO Series GSE297559. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Space radiation induces distinct senescent phenotypes: Implications for space travel [bulk RNA-Seq]
GEO Series GSE297560. Homo sapiens. 21 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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