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7 results for “Phoebodus”
Fig.2 in Taxonomic notes on "Phoebodus heslerorum" and Symmorium reniforme (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii).
Fig.2. Heslerodusdivergens (Trautschold,1879). A–E.SpecimenIGPUW/Ps/6/1fromsampleBAH−4,SteeplePasture,HaystackRange,Wyoming,Upper Carboniferous, Morrowan, in lingual−lateral, occlusal, lingual, labial, and labial−lateral views. F–G. Specimens OSU 50490 and 50491 from Gwi−3 and At−64 localities, Ohio, Upper Carboniferous, Conemaugh Group, Ames Limestone, in occlusal views. Scale bar 1 mm.
Data from: The early elasmobranch Phoebodus: phylogenetic relationships, ecomorphology, and a new time-scale for shark evolution
Anatomical knowledge of early chondrichthyans and estimates of their phylogeny are improving, but many taxa are still known only from microremains. The nearly cosmopolitan and regionally abundant Devonian genus Phoebodus has long been known solely from isolated teeth and fin spines. Here, we report the first skeletal remains of Phoebodus from the Famennian (Late Devonian) of the Maïder region of Morocco, revealing an anguilliform body, specialized braincase, hyoid arch, elongate jaws and rostrum, complementing its characteristic dentition and ctenacanth fin spines preceding both dorsal fins. Several of these features corroborate a likely close relationship with the Carboniferous species Thrinacodus gracia, and phylogenetic analysis places both taxa securely as members of the elasmobranch stem lineage. Identified as such, phoebodont teeth provide a plausible marker for range extension of the elasmobranchs into the Middle Devonian, thus providing a new minimum date for the origin of the chondrichthyan crown-group. Among pre-Carboniferous jawed vertebrates, the anguilliform body shape of Phoebodus is unprecedented, and its specialized anatomy is, in several respects, most easily compared with the modern frilled shark Chlamydoselachus. These results add greatly to the morphological, and by implication ecological, disparity of the earliest elasmobranchs.
Data from: The early elasmobranch Phoebodus: phylogenetic relationships, ecomorphology, and a new time-scale for shark evolution
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Fig. 4. A in Taxonomic notes on "Phoebodus heslerorum" and Symmorium reniforme (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii).
Fig. 4. A. "Ctenacanthus" costellatus Traquair, 1884, fragment of specimen NHM−P20144−5 from Eskdale, Dumphrieshire, Scotland, Lower Carboniferous; a group of teeth. B. Cladoselache clarki (Claypole, 1893), fragment of specimen NHM−P 9272 from Berea, Ohio, late Famennian, Cleveland Shale; two tooth families in occlusal−labial views. Scale bars 5 mm. Coated with ammonium chloride for better contrast.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic notes on "Phoebodus heslerorum" and Symmorium reniforme (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii).
Fig. 1. Shark teeth from Myachkovo, Moscow Region, Russia, Upper Carboniferous, Upper Moscovian. A–C. Heslerodusdivergens (Trautschold, 1879). A. Holotype PCh/617a. B, C. Associated specimens PCh/617b, c (respectively), all in labial views. Scale bar 1 mm. D–F. "Cladodus" occidentalis Leidy, 1859 (= "C." lamnoides sensu Trautschold 1874). D, E. PCh/425a, occlusal and basal views. F. PCh/425b, labial view. Scale bar 5 mm.
Fig. 3. Symmorium reniforme Cope, 1893 in Taxonomic notes on "Phoebodus heslerorum" and Symmorium reniforme (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii).
Fig. 3. Symmorium reniforme Cope, 1893, holotype, UF 574 (FMNH), from the vicinity of Galesburg, Knoxville County, Illinois, Upper Carboniferous, Desmoinesian. A. Anterior part of the specimen (corresponding to the right side in Williams 1985: text−fig. 16). B. Close−up of a group of teeth situated in the marked area. Scale bars 20 mm.
Fig. 5 in Taxonomic notes on "Phoebodus heslerorum" and Symmorium reniforme (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii).
Fig. 5. "Ctenacanthus" costellatus Traquair, 1884, isolated, incomplete teeth from specimen NHM−P 20144−5 from Eskdale, Dumphrieshire, Scotland, Lower Carboniferous. A. Lingual view of a five−cusped tooth, the cusps and the right side of the base are missing. B, C. A half of a sevencusped tooth in labial and basal views; the lingual side is embedded in rock. Scale bar 1 mm. SEM micrographs.
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