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64 results for “Pholcophora”
Figs. 436 447. Pholcophora spp. 436 440. P. americana Banks. 436. Male prosoma, ventral view. 437. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 438 439 in New World Pholcid Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): A Revision At Generic Level
Figs. 436 447. Pholcophora spp. 436 440. P. americana Banks. 436. Male prosoma, ventral view. 437. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 438 439. Epigynum, ventral and lateral views. 440. Epigynum, dorsal view. 441 442. P. mexcala Gertsch, male holotype. 441. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 442. Chelicerae, lateral view. 443 447. P. texana Gertsch. 443. Male right palpal femur, retrolateral view. 444. Male chelicerae, lateral view. 445. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 446. Epigynum, dorsal view. 447. Epigynum, ventral view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (436, 438 440, 442, 447), 0.1 mm (437, 441, 443 446).
Figs. 429 435. Pholcophora americana Banks, male. 429. Habitus, lateral view. 430 431 in New World Pholcid Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): A Revision At Generic Level
Figs. 429 435. Pholcophora americana Banks, male. 429. Habitus, lateral view. 430 431. Prosoma, dorsal and frontal views. 432. Left palp, prolateral view. 433. Left palp, retrolateral view. 434 435. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (429), 0.5 mm (430 433), 0.2 mm (434 435).
Fig. 57. Tolteca Huber, 2000 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 57. Tolteca Huber, 2000, karyotypes and sex chromosome behaviour in male germline; stained by Giemsa. A. T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), diploid karyotype (2n♂ = 15, X1X2 Y), based on two fused sister prometaphases II. X chromosomes are probably metacentric, morphology of Y chromosome is unresolved. Note positive heteropycnosis of X chromosomes. B–G. T. oaxaca Huber sp. nov. B. Haploid karyotype (n♂ = 8, X 1 X 2 Y), based on metaphase II. Note positive heteropycnosis of X chromosomes. C. Spermatogonial prometaphase. Note metacentric morphology of tiny Y chromosome. D. Premeiotic interphase. Sex chromosomes form an overcondensed body on the periphery of the nucleus. E. Late diffuse stage. Sex chromosomes are positively heteropycnotic; bivalents are considerably decondensed. F. Diplotene. Note five bivalents and sex chromosome body exhibiting a positive heteropycnosis. G. Metaphase I containing five bivalents and sex chromosome body. H. T. hesperia, metaphase II consisting of seven chromosomes. Note tiny Y chromosome. Abbreviations: SCB = sex chromosome body; X1 = X1 chromosome; X2 = X2 chromosome; Y = Y chromosome. Scale bars= 10 µm.
Fig. 54 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 54. Tolteca oaxaca Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Oaxaca, 3 km N of San Pedro Totolapa (ZFMK Mex362). A. Epigynum, ventral view (arrow: knob-shaped structure). B. Knob-shaped structure between epigynum and pedicel. C. ALS and PMS. D. Prolateral trichobothrium on tibia 3. E. Palpal tarsal organ. F. Tarsal organ on tarsus 2. G. Tip of left tarsus 2, retrolateral view. H. Tip of right tarsus 4, prolateral view, showing comb hair (arrow). Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–D, G–H = 10 µm; E–F = 2 µm.
Fig. 56 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 56. Representative sample of habitats of Tolteca Huber, 2000 in Mexico. A. Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982)). B. Colima, 17 km E of Manzanillo (type locality of T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov.; showing collection method). C–D. Oaxaca, 3 km N of San Pedro Totolapa (type locality of P. oaxaca Huber sp. nov.; overview and spot with high abundance of specimens).
Fig. 59 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 59. Environmental niche comparisons between non-Caribbean ('true')Pholcophora Banks, 1896and Tolteca Huber, 2000. Red lines in similarity and equivalency graphs indicate the observed niche overlap (D-metric), while grey bars show the distribution of the D-metric for 100 simulated comparisons. Note that the similarity and equivalency of the environmental niche between non-Caribbean Pholcophora and Tolteca was higher than randomly expected. The distribution of Pholcophora includes areas with high temperature annual range (bio7 in C) and seasonality (bio4 in C) not occupied by Tolteca. The two taxa exhibit a relatively high niche overlap (D = 0.40; bluish area in D). Climatic variables in the PCA: bio1 = annual mean temperature; bio2 = mean diurnal range; bio3 = isothermality; bio4 = temperature seasonality; bio5 = max temperature of warmest month; bio6 = min temperature of coldest month; bio7 = temperature annual range; bio8 = mean temperature of wettest quarter; bio9 = mean temperature of driest quarter; bio10 = mean temperature of warmest quarter; bio11 = mean temperature of coldest quarter; bio12 = annual precipitation; bio13 = precipitation of wettest month; bio14 = precipitation of driest month; bio15 = precipitation seasonality; bio16 = precipitation of wettest quarter; bio17 = precipitation of driest quarter; bio18 = precipitation of warmest quarter; bio19 = precipitation of coldest quarter.
Fig. 53 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 53. Tolteca oaxaca Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Oaxaca, N of San Pedro Totolapa (ZFMK Ar 23961). A–B, D–E. Cleared female genitalia, ventral (A, D) and dorsal (B, E) views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 52 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 52. Tolteca oaxaca Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Oaxaca, N of San Pedro Totolapa (ZFMK Ar 23961), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Arrows: knob-shaped structure. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale).
Fig. 51 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 51. Tolteca oaxaca Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Oaxaca, N of San Pedro Totolapa (ZFMK Ar 23961). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 48 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 48. Tolteca sinnombre Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán (ZFMK Ar 23960), cleared female genitalia. A. Ventral view. B. Dorsal view. C–D. Detail of median internal structures. Arrows point at membranous sacs (cf. Fig. 55F). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 49 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 49. Tolteca huahua Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Michoacán, W of Huahua (ZFMK Ar 23957). A–D. Epigyna, ventral (A, C) and lateral (B, D) views. E–G. Cleared female genitalia, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views, and detail of median internal structures (G). Arrows point at knobshaped structure. Asterisk: membranous sac (cf. Fig. 55D). Abbreviation: gp = genital plug. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm; E–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 47 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 47. Tolteca sinnombre Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán (ZFMK Ar 23940), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale).
Fig. 46 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 46. Tolteca manzanillo Huber sp. nov.; male from Mexico, Colima, 17 km E of Manzanillo (ZFMK Ar 23958). A. Right palp, retrolateral-distal view. B. Left palp, retrolateral-dorsal view. C–D. Palpal tarsal organ. E. Tarsal organ on tarsus 2. F. Lateral face of right chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. G. Gonopore. H. ALS. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; p = procursus. Scale bars: A–B, F = 20 µm; C–D = 2 µm; E = 1 µm; G–H = 10 µm.
Fig. 45 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 45. Tolteca manzanillo Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Colima, E of Manzanillo (ZFMK Ar 23958). A–D. Epigyna, ventral (A, C) and lateral (B, D) views. E–G. Cleared female genitalia, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views, and detail of median internal structures (G). Arrows point at anterior epigynal knob. Asterisk: membranous sac (cf. Fig. 55E). Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm; E, F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 44 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 44. Tolteca spp., male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views, and left male palpal tarsi and procursi, retrolateral views. A–C. T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov., paratype from Mexico, Colima, E of Manzanillo (ZFMK Ar 23958). D–F. T. sinnombre Huber sp. nov., holotype from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán (LATLAX). G–I. T. huahua Huber sp. nov., paratype from Mexico, Michoacán, W of Huahua (ZFMK Ar 23957). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 55. Tolteca Huber, 2000 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 55. Tolteca Huber, 2000 internal female genitalia, median section of main transversal internal sclerite. A–B. T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982); females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). C. T. jalisco (Gertsch, 1982), female from Mexico, Jalisco, N of La Quemada (ZFMK Ar 23956). D. T. huahua Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Michoacán, W of Huahua (ZFMK Ar 23957). E. T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Colima, E of Manzanillo (ZFMK Ar 23958). F. T. sinnombre Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán (ZFMK Ar 23960). G–H. T. oaxaca Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Oaxaca, N of San Pedro Totolapa (ZFMK Ar 23961). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 58 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 58. Tolteca oaxaca Huber sp. nov., male meiosis, detection of NORs (FISH). Metaphase I comprising five bivalents and sex chromosome body; three bivalents contain NORs. A. Sex chromosome body without visible signal. B. Sex chromosome body includes signal. Individual elements separated by dashed line. Abbreviations: b = NOR bearing bivalent; SCB = sex chromosome body. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Fig. 41 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 41. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male chelicerae, lateral view. B. Male right chelicera, frontal view. C. Left male palp, distal view. D. Right genital bulb (and procursus), dorso-distal view. E. Detail of male palpal tarsus showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). F. Male palpal tarsal organ. G. Female palpal tarsal organ. H. Male ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; fe = femur; p = procursus. Scale bars: A, C–D = 20 µm; B, E–F = 10 µm; G = 1 µm; H = 2 µm.
Fig. 43 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 43. Tolteca jalisco (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Jalisco, N of La Quemada (ZFMK Ar 23956). A–D. Epigyna, ventral (A, C) and lateral (B, D) views; arrows point at anterior knob-shaped structure. E–G. Cleared female genitalia, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views, and detail of median internal structures (G); arrows point at membranous sacs (cf. Fig. 55C). Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm; E–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 39 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 39. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Mex253), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale).
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