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15 results for “Phosphorus acquisition”
Contrasting patterns in biomass allocation, root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis for phosphorus acquisition among 20 chickpea genotypes with different amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates
<p>1. Adjustments in root biomass allocation, root morphology, carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal symbiosis are well-known strategies for plants to cope with phosphorus (P) deficiency. Large genotypic variation in these functional traits has been demonstrated within numerous species. Yet, whether these functional traits are coordinated differently among genotypes of a species to enhance P acquisition remains unknown.</p> <p>2. We characterised 11 root functional traits associated with P acquisition in 20 chickpea genotypes with contrasting amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates, grown in a glasshouse with severely limiting insoluble (10 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> FePO<sub>4</sub>), moderately limiting soluble (10 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), and adequate (50 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) P supply.</p> <p>3. Substantial variation was found among genotypes in root functional traits associated with P acquisition. Genotypes with a large amount of carboxylates (HRC) had thinner roots, and a lower root mass fraction and root mass density, but higher specific root length and colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) than genotypes with a small amount of rhizosheath carboxylates.</p> <p>4. In response to soil P availability, chickpea genotypes showed large plasticity in root biomass allocation, rhizosheath pH, carboxylate amount, and colonisation by AMF, but a limited response in most root morphological traits (i.e. mean root diameter, root mass density and specific root length). Shoot P content was strongly correlated with different root functional traits in the three P treatments.</p> <p>5. Our findings suggest a range of predictable relationships between root functional traits among chickpea genotypes; those with HRC tended to have relatively thinner roots with lower cost of root construction, while allocating more resources to carboxylate exudation and colonisation by AMF. The shift in the relationships between shoot P content and root functional traits indicates that <span class="fontstyle01"><span>root traits and/or trait combinations in chickpea vary in a manner that enhances P acquisition under specific soil P conditions (i.e. P sources/ levels)</span></span>. Such knowledge provides valuable information for chickpea genotype breeding and our understanding of evolution of traits with improved root/rhizosphere functioning.</p> <p> </p>
Interactions between belowground traits and rhizosheath fungal and bacterial communities for phosphorus acquisition
<p>1. Plant-soil microbes interactions play a central role in plant nutrient acquisition and thus ecosystem functioning and nutrient availability in agroecosystems. Adjustments in root morphology, root exudation and associations with microorganisms such as arbuscular mychorrizal fungi are common for phosphorus acquisition. Yet how plant belowground functional traits interact with microbial communities for P-acquisition remains largely unknown, limiting our understanding of phosphorus availability in agroecosystems.</p> <p>2. Interactions between belowground functional traits and rhizosheath soil microbial communities for P-acquisition were investigated across eight herbaceous species with contrasting root traits. Root morphological and physiological traits involved in P-acquisition were quantified simultaneously with PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) and NLFA (neutral lipid fatty acid) microbial bioindicators.</p> <p>3. Multiple correlations were observed between root morphology, root exudates and rhizosheath fungal and bacterial communities. Root exudates and in particular release of malate and malonate were strongly linked with indicators of Gram-negative bacteria, which were correlated with changes in rhizosheath soil P concentration and plant P content.</p> <p>4. Our results suggest that root exudation of carboxylates may play an important role in plant-soil microorganism interactions for P-acquisition, underlining their likely role in shaping microbial communities. Incorporating these interactions in biogeochemical models would lead to better predicting power and understanding of P cycling and ecosystem functioning.</p>
Data from: Carboxylate release as a nutrient-acquisition strategy in mycorrhizal plant species in phosphorus-impoverished environments
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Data from: Phenotypic plasticity accounts for changes in plant phosphorus-acquisition strategies from mining to scavenging along a gradient of soil phosphorus availability in South American Campos grasslands
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Why are some invasive plant species so successful in nutrient-impoverished habitats in south-western Australia: a perspective from their phosphorus-acquisition strategies
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Contrasting patterns in biomass allocation, root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis for phosphorus acquisition among 20 chickpea genotypes with different amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates
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Interactions between belowground traits and rhizosheath fungal and bacterial communities for phosphorus acquisition
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Data for: Plasticity and co-variation of root traits govern phosphorus acquisition among 20 wheat genotypes
<p>Trait plasticity (variation of a trait under environmental variability or gradients) and trait integration are both crucial for plant adaption to environmental change. Variations in different suite of root traits such as biomass allocation, morphology and physiology underlie diverse phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies among plants. Yet, how the intraspecific plasticity and integration of root traits influence plant adaptation to different P supply remains obscure. To characterize diverse adaptive strategies in relation to plant P acquisition, eight root traits were assessed in 20 wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) genotypes grown in a culture room with low and high P supply. High P supply increased shoot P accumulation and biomass of all wheat genotypes. The shoot P accumulation in genotypes with high P sensitivity (PS: calculated as shoot P content at low P / shoot P content at high P supply) was higher with high P supply and lower with low P supply compared with that in the genotypes with low PS. The high-PS genotypes exhibited larger variation in root length, root/shoot ratio and rhizosphere pH across P supplies than the low-PS genotypes, suggesting an integrated response at the whole-plant level. At low P supply, the high-PS genotypes had greater root length and specific root length, but lower acid phosphatase activity than the low-PS genotypes, which suggests contrasting P-acquisition strategies across the genotypes. Strong co-variation of root traits occurred across low-PS genotypes regardless of P supply; conversely, the high-PS genotypes only exhibited strong trait integration at low P supply, whereas high P supply sharply reduced root trait co-variation. Our findings suggest that P stress may strengthen root trait integration in wheat plants, and that both plasticity and integration of root traits drive plant adaptive strategies and tolerance to P-deficiency stress.</p>
Covariations and tradeoffs of phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies in dioecious Populus euphratica as affected by soil water availability
<p>1. Dioecious species may be particularly vulnerable to climate change because they often exhibit skewed sex ratios that are reinforced by the physiological and biological specialization of each sex to specific microhabitats. Yet, it is unclear how differences in functional traits between female and male plants lead to sex-specific responses to drought and whether these responses are associated with phosphorus (P) acquisition diverge or converge.</p> <p>2. Here, we measured the morphological and physiological traits of roots, and the functional microorganisms related to P acquisition in <em>Populus euphratica</em> females and males in the rhizosphere under different water availability.</p> <p>3. The specific root length of females was greater than that of males, regardless of soil water availability. Therefore, the P concentration of females was significantly higher than that of males under well-watered conditions. In contrast, the physiological adjustment to drought showed distinct sexual patterns: males significantly increased the foliar manganese concentration and maintained higher acid phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal biomass was reduced less in males than in females under water deficiency. Soil water shortage also decreased the α diversity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and changed the co-occurrence network in the rhizosphere of females, but it had little effect on males. Therefore, the favorable physiological processes and effective maintenance of functional microbial homeostasis in the rhizosphere were the reasons that enabled males to reduce P loss in leaves under water deficiency.</p> <p>4. Our study indicated that, within<em> P. euphratica</em> populations, covariations and tradeoffs simultaneously occurred among the three groups (root morphology, physiology, and functional microorganisms) of functional traits evaluated. More generally, the assessment of variations in sex-specific P acquisition strategies may help to understand the causes of sex ratio bias and how <em>P. euphratica</em> males and females mitigate resource shortage.</p>
Data for: "AMF diversity promotes plant phosphorus acquisition and reduces carbon costs per unit of phosphorus"
<p>Data derived from experimental manipulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity from 1-5 AMF species in three plant communities comprised of either legumes, grasses, or non-legume forbs. Radio-isotope labeling of plant carbon (C) and AMF phosphorus (P) enabled an assessment of resource exchange between plant and AMF compositions to complement standard responses of plant biomass and nutrient contents to AMF diversity. </p>
Mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphorus supply determine interactions among plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies
<p>Highly diverse plant communities growing on nutrient-impoverished soils are test beds for theories on species coexistence. Here, neighbouring mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants compete for limited phosphorus. The impact of belowground interactions on community dynamics is underexplored.</p> <p>We used an experimental approach to investigate effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a phosphorus supply gradient on competitive and facilitative interactions among mixed assemblages of woody plants in microcosms. The plant species, one cluster-root forming (CR) species and four AM species, are native to jarrah forest that grows on nutrient-impoverished soils in south-western Australia. We measured plant growth in microcosms, with and without inoculation with the AM fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>,<i> </i>and across a gradient of P supply: 0, 9, 27, and 243 mg P per kg of soil.</p> <p>Our data show evidence of plant-plant facilitation at low P supply and competition at high P supply. Growth of the CR species, <i>Hakea undulata</i>, was highest in microcosms with 0P and without AM inoculation. One AM species, <i>Bossiaea aquifolium</i>, also performed better at lower P levels, possibly benefitting from P mobilised by <i>H. undulata</i>. The other three AM species, one strongly obligate, performed better at higher P levels. Data for <i>Acacia celastrifolia</i> suggested it was facultatively mycotropic, and because there was no correlation between AM colonisation and the relative inoculum effect, we suggest positive effects of AM inoculation at 9P might be due to benefits other than P-acquisition, such as pathogen defence. Benefit of AM inoculation diminished for three of four mycorrhizal species at the highest P-level as we had predicted. The fourth species, <i>Eucalyptus marginata</i> (jarrah), had higher growth in microcosms that were not inoculated with AM, perhaps because the species benefits more from ectomycorrhizas.</p> <p><i>Synthesis. </i>Our experimental data suggests spatial heterogeneity of soil P, coupled with a diversity of nutrient acquisition strategies, and plasticity among plant-plant and plant-AM fungi interactions, contributes to plant species coexistence in the nutrient-impoverished jarrah forest. Our research highlights the importance of belowground mechanisms for understanding factors determining community structure including a potential role of AM fungi in plant pathogen defence.</p>
Covariations and tradeoffs of phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies in dioecious Populus euphratica as affected by soil water availability
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Mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphorus supply determine interactions among plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies
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Data for: Plasticity and co-variation of root traits govern phosphorus acquisition among 20 wheat genotypes
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Polyphosphate-Induced Changes in Transcriptome and Root-Functional Traits Elucidate Enhanced Phosphorus Acquisition Mechanisms and Growth of Durum Wheat
GEO Series GSE277488. Triticum turgidum. 16 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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