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Figures 13-16 in Review of Paraphotina (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Figures 13-16. Pronota of males of Paraphotina (dorsal view): (13) P. caatingaensis from Bahia, Brazil; (14) P. insolita from Meta, Colombia; (15) P. occidentalis from Coari, Amazonas, Brazil; (16) P. reticulata from Maranhão, Brazil. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 35 in Review of Paraphotina (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Figure 35. Map of the geographic records for species of Paraphotina with areas of endemism proposed by AMORIM (2009). Note that geographical records of P. reticulata include transition areas for each of the other three species. (AF) Atlantic Forest; (N Am) North Amazon; (SE Am) South East Amazon; (SW Am) South West Amazon.

Figures 5-8 in Review of Paraphotina (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Figures 5-8. Males of Paraphotina (dorsal habitus): (5) P. caatingaensis from Bahia, Brazil; (6) P. insolita from Meta, Colombia; (7) P. occidentalis from Coari, Amazonas, Brazil; (8) P. reticulata from Maranhão, Brazil. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 9-12 in Review of Paraphotina (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Figures 9-12. Head of males of Paraphotina (frontal view): (9) P. caatingaensis from Bahia, Brazil; (10) P. insolita from Meta, Colombia; (11) P. occidentalis from Coari, Amazonas, Brazil; (12) P. reticulata from Maranhão, Brazil. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 34 in Review of Paraphotina (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Figure 34. Paraphotina reticulata, alive aspect of a female from Pará, Brazil. Photo courtesy of César Favacho (MPEG).

Fig. 1 in A new species of Microphotina Beier, 1935 from the southernmost region of Amazonia (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of Microphotinini Rivera & Svenson, 2016. Whereas Genus A (= Microphotinini Gen. n. sp. n. of Rivera & Svenson 2016, Fig. 4) is only known to French Guiana and Chromatophotina Rivera, 2010 is restricted to Western Amazon, Microphotina Beier, 1935 ranges across this entire biome. Collecting events are restricted to the periphery of the Amazon rainforest, whereas interior regions remain largely without records. Distributional data from combined sources (see Discussion); data from French Guiana (Moulin & Roy 2020) provided by Nicolas Moulin.

Fig. 7 in A new species of Microphotina Beier, 1935 from the southernmost region of Amazonia (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Fig. 7. Systematics of Microphotinini Rivera & Svenson, 2016. Higher-level molecular phylogeny of Photinaidae Giglio-Tos, 1915 (A) summarizing evolutionary relationships among Microphotinini and relevant genital traits according to Rivera & Svenson (2016, 2020). Distinct genital traits define four lineages and an equal number of genital types (outlined in Rivera & Svenson 2020). Microphotina Beier, 1935, as currently understood, is paraphyletic, a relationship further supported by divergent genital traits. M. vitripennis (Saussure, 1872) is the type species of the genus; thus, from a strictly nomenclatural perspective, it represents a 'true' species of Microphotina, that is, Microphotina sensu stricto (s. str.). In Clade 1, a well-developed, long and strongly curved (hook-like) afa (B) is a genital trait common to M. vitripennis and Chromatophotina Rivera, 2010 spp.; however, M. vitripennis is unique in having an elongated patch of setae on its ventral phallomere (F, in ventral view). Clade 2, with its strongly reduced afa (C–E), comprises Microphotina (in part; Type 3 genitalia) and Genus A (= Microphotinini gen. et sp. nov. of Rivera & Svenson 2016: fig. 4). In the first, the paa is markedly hammerhead-like (H), a feature Genus A lacks; further, the ventral phallomere of the latter has a strongly reduced bl (G, dorsal view), a unique feature among the Microphotinini, in which the bl is typically narrow and elongated (as in Fig. 5B). Abbreviations: See Material and methods. Genital structures and phylogenetic tree branches not to scale. Fig. 7E–G from Rivera & Svenson (2020).

Fig. 5 in A new species of Microphotina Beier, 1935 from the southernmost region of Amazonia (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Fig. 5. Microphotina cristalino sp. nov., ♂, holotype (MPEG 05050654), subgenital plate and genital structures. A. Subgenital plate. B. Genital complex in dorsal view detailing the hammerhead-shaped paa, and its irregular margins. C. Genital complex in ventral view.

Fig. 2 in A new species of Microphotina Beier, 1935 from the southernmost region of Amazonia (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Fig. 2. Austral Expedition, praying mantis survey at RPPN Cristalino, 2021. A. View from a tower 50 m above ground, highlighting the dense, diverse, and multi-layered canopy (terra firme ecosystem). B. Mobile white cloth light trap operating at dawn.

Fig. 6 in A new species of Microphotina Beier, 1935 from the southernmost region of Amazonia (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Fig. 6. Microphotina cristalino sp. nov., ♂, holotype (MPEG 05050654), cryptic behavior. A. Lateral view showing head almost in prognathous position.B. Dorso-lateral view, with forelegs laterally coupled to pronotum. Photographed in studio.

Fig. 4 in A new species of Microphotina Beier, 1935 from the southernmost region of Amazonia (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Fig. 4. Microphotina cristalino sp. nov., ♂, external morphology. A–B. Head, frontal view. A. Holotype (MPEG 05050654). B. Paratype (MPEG 05050655). C–E. Holotype, (MPEG 05050654), antenna, highlighting sectional variation of antennomeres. C. Basal section. D. Mid-section. E. Apex. F–G. Pronotum. F. Holotype (MPEG 05050654). G. Paratype (MPEG 05050655). H. Holotype (MPEG 05050654), left foreleg, showing spine configuration. Scale bars = 1mm.

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Figures 30-33 in Review of Paraphotina (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Figures 30-33. External genitalia, subgenital plate of species of Material examined. BRAZIL, Acre, (Bujari, Floresta Estadual Paraphotina (dorsal view): (30) P. caatingaensis from Rio Grande do Antimary), 09°33'67"S 68°32'05"W, 2 male, 24.viii.2016, arma- Norte, Brazil; (31) P. insolita from Meta, Colombia; (32) P. occidendilha luz mista, Agudelo AA, Rafael JÁ, leg. (INPA). Amazonas talis from Coari, Amazonas, Brazil; (33) P. reticulata from Maranhão, (Paq. Nac. do Jaú, Ig. Miratuca), 01°57'08"S 61°49'19"W, 1 male, Brazil. (St) Stylus, (llp) left lateral process. Scale bar: 1 mm. 14-29.vii.1993, lençol c/luz mista mercúrio, luz negra BL e BLB, Andreazze R, Costa W, Aquino L leg., as Melliera major det. by R Filho FF, Barbosa UC leg. (INPA); Amazonas (AM-240, km 24), Ehrmann (xii 2003) (INPA-0027166); Amazonas (Paq. Nac. Do 02°00'55"S 59°49'40"W, 1 male, viii.2005, luz mista de mercúrio, Jaú, MK médio Jaú- Miriti), 02°18'S, 64°39'W, 1 male, 05-06. Xavier F leg. (INPA). vi.1994, Motta CS leg. (INPA); Amazonas (Uarini), 03°02'57"S, Distribution. Brazil (Acre, Amazonas), Peru. 65°41'42"W; 1 male, 22.vii-03.viii.1995, Bührnhein P, Aguiar Remarks. This species was adequately described by LOM- NO leg. (CZPB); Amazonas (Tefé, São Mateus), 04°43'24"S BARDO (1998). The appearance of P. occidentalis is more robust 65°40'06"W, 2 males, 07-16.ix.1994, Buhrnhein PF et al., leg. and the arabesque marks appear sharper. This agrees with (CZPB); Amazonas (Autazes, Lit-1 AM), 03°32'07"S 59°13'30"W, the observations of CERDá (1992), who found that larger size 1 male, 21-22.vii.1996, á luz mista de mercúrio, Bührnhein was correlated with darker spots. The pseudophallus of both P, Aguiar NO leg. (CZPB); Amazonas (Novo Airão, ramal do Paraphotina occidentalis and P. reticulata project dorso-dextrally Olimpo), 02°39'23"S 60°55'44"W, 2 males, 03-15.vii.1997, sob (dorsal view), but in P. occidentalis the lateral process of ventral luz mista de mercúrio, Buhrnhein PF, Aguiar NO leg. (CZPB); phallomere is weakly sclerotized without projecting to the right Amazonas (Novo Airão, Sitio Carusá, Cominidade Terra Preta), as in P. reticulata. 1 male, 05-07.2010; arm lençol luz mista; Mendes DM et al. leg (INPA); Amazonas (Beruri, Rio Purus), 03°56'62"S 61°21'02"W, 1 male, 30.ix-09.x.2002, armadilha luz mista, Filho Barbosa Paraphotina reticulata (Saussure, 1871) FF, UC leg. (INPA); Amazonas (Presidente Figueiredo, Est. da Bal- Figs. 1, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 33, 34 bina km 24), 02°01'05"S 59°49'60"W, 2 males, 01-12. ix.2002, Cardioptera reticulata Saussure, 1871a: 196; 1871b: 75; 1871c: 344 armadilha luz mista, Filho FF, Barbosa UC leg. (INPA); Amazonas reprinted; Westwood, 1889: 15; Roy & Cuche, 2008: 17. Type (Reserva Extrativista Unini, Rio Unini, Manapana), 01°53'18"S material: male holotype deposited in MHNG. 62°27'45"W, 2 males, 11-12.vii.2004, luz mista de mercúrio, Photina gracilipes Kirby, 1904a: 86; Kirby, 1904b: 274.

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Figures 1-4 in Review of Paraphotina (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Figures 1-4. Types of Paraphotina (dorsal habitus): (1) Paraphotina reticulata (originally Cardioptera reticulata Saussure, 1871) holotype male deposited in MHNG; (2-3) Paraphotina venezuelana, (2) holotype male, (3) allotype deposited in ZSM; (4) Paraphotina caatingaensis comb. nov. (originally Orthoderella caatingaensis Menezes & Bravo, 2013) holotype male deposited in MZFS. Arrow highlights the basal spot on fore coxa. Scale bar: 10 mm. Photo of P. caatingaensis courtesy of E. Menezes (MZFS).

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Fig. 3 in A new species of Microphotina Beier, 1935 from the southernmost region of Amazonia (Mantodea: Photinaidae)

Fig. 3. Microphotina cristalino sp. nov., ♂, holotype (MPEG 05050654). A. Live specimen photographed in studio. B–C. Pinned specimen. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. Scale bars = 5mm.