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FIGURE 8 in A new cryptic species of fringe-toed lizards from southwestern Arizona with a revised taxonomy of the Uma notata species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

FIGURE 8. (A) An individual of U. thurmanae in its natural habitat. (B) Sand dune habitat of U. thurmanae (camera pointed east with the Mohawk Dunes in the midground and the Mohawk Mountains in the background). Photographs by A. Gottscho.

FIGURE 6 in A new cryptic species of fringe-toed lizards from southwestern Arizona with a revised taxonomy of the Uma notata species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

FIGURE 6. Holotype (USNM 590033) of Uma thurmanae showing (A) dorsal and (B) ventral head; (C) dorsal right hindfoot and (D) dorsal right forefoot showing toe fringes. Photographs by E. Langan and J. Poindexter.

FIGURE 7 in A new cryptic species of fringe-toed lizards from southwestern Arizona with a revised taxonomy of the Uma notata species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

FIGURE 7. Satellite map of collecting localities for the type series of Uma thurmanae. Locations where specimens were collected, denoted by red stars, lie along the Mohawk Dunes, a long strip running northwest to southeast. The lizards are isolated in this dune system by the parallel Mohawk Mountains to the east, the Gila River and Interstate-8 to the north, and alluvial fans to the west and south, ultimately resulting in speciation. Source: "Mohawk Dunes," 32° 34' N, 113° 38' W, Google Earth. Imagery date: May 29, 2016. Accessed: July 3, 2018.

FIGURE 5 in A new cryptic species of fringe-toed lizards from southwestern Arizona with a revised taxonomy of the Uma notata species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

FIGURE 5. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral view of the adult female holotype (USNM 590033) of Uma thurmanae. Photographs by E. Langan and J. Poindexter.

FIGURE 3 in A new cryptic species of fringe-toed lizards from southwestern Arizona with a revised taxonomy of the Uma notata species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

FIGURE 3. Box-and-whisker plots for discrete morphological characters that exhibited significant pairwise differences between OTUs. See Appendix 2 for details of how the characters were measured. SPLB=Supralabial Scales; SPCIL=Supraciliary Scales; INS=Internasal Scales; FP=Femoral Pores.

FIGURE 4 in A new cryptic species of fringe-toed lizards from southwestern Arizona with a revised taxonomy of the Uma notata species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

FIGURE 4. Locations of Uma specimens in the morphospace defined by the first two axes of a Discriminant Function Analysis of morphological characters. Top: when specimens with broken tails are included and TL excluded (n=57), U. inornata can still be distinguished from other OTUs, but U. notata overlaps considerably with U. rufopunctata and U. cowlesi overlaps considerably with U. sp. Bottom: analysis of only the specimens with intact tails such that tail length (TL) could be measured (n=32) allows each OTU to be distinguished.

FIGURE 1 in A new cryptic species of fringe-toed lizards from southwestern Arizona with a revised taxonomy of the Uma notata species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

FIGURE 1. Approximate geographic distributions of members of the U. notata species complex and its sister species, U. scoparia (adapted from Gottscho et al. 2017). Actual geographic distributions are more fragmented than shown by the shaded areas as the lizards are restricted to windblown sand habitats within those areas.

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Cryptic diversity across the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of Mexico in the montane bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus subniger (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

Sceloporus subniger Poglaygen & Smith is a montane bunchgrass lizard distributed across pine-oak forests of central Mexico. Prompted by the discovery of a new population of this lizard in far western Mexico, and by recent studies suggesting S. subniger may be a composite of several distinct species, we examined in more detail the genetic structure of S. subniger. We generated a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dataset from 81 specimens and an ultraconserved elements (UCE) dataset representing thousands of genomic regions from 12 specimens to specifically evaluate the genetic distinctiveness of populations from western Michoacán and adjacent Jalisco along with the newly discovered population in the Sierra de Mascota in western Jalisco. We also recorded morphological data from 47 museum specimens to compare to our genetic data. Results from our analyses of the genetic data, augmented by specimen measurements and scale counts, support the notion that S. subniger is indeed a composite of distinct species. Montane bunchgrass lizards from western Michoacán and adjacent Jalisco, and from the Sierra de Mascota in western Jalisco, each represent distinct new species, which we describe and name here.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of bunchgrass lizard (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from the southern sky islands of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

FIGURE 7. Habitat at the type locality for Sceloporus aurantius sp. nov., Los Alisos, Sierra del Laurel, Aguascalientes.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of bunchgrass lizard (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from the southern sky islands of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

FIGURE 3. Results of the principal components analyses when all individuals of Sceloporus scalaris group species were analyzed together (a), females only (b), and males only (c).

FIGURE 2 in A new species of bunchgrass lizard (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from the southern sky islands of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

FIGURE 2. Multi-locus species tree from Grummer et al. (2014) derived from coalescent-based analyses of 4,635 base pairs of nuclear DNA. The phylogenetic distinctiveness of Sceloporus aurantius sp. nov. was supported by Bayes factor species delimitation. Numbers at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probability support values.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of bunchgrass lizard (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from the southern sky islands of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

FIGURE 5. Dorsal pattern variation within the paratype series of Sceloporus aurantius sp. nov. from the Sierra del Laurel, Aguascalientes: a) MZFC 25102 (female), b) MZFC 25103 (female), c) MZFC 25106 (male), and d) MZFC 25101 (male).

FIGURE 4 in A new species of bunchgrass lizard (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from the southern sky islands of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

FIGURE 4. Holotype specimen of Sceloporus aurantius sp. nov. (MZFC 28392) in dorsal (a), ventral (b), and in-life (c) views.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of bunchgrass lizard (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from the southern sky islands of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

FIGURE 1. Distribution of bunchgrass lizards in the Sceloporus scalaris group included in this study. Stars denote the known localities of Sceloporus aurantius sp. nov. (yellow star is type locality). Colors of S. brownorum, S. scalaris, S. slevini, and S. unicanthalis match the colors in principal components analyses results presented in Figure 3.