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FIGURE 20 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 20. Distribution of Smicromyrme (Astomyrme) pusillus (Klug in Walt) and S. (A.) opistomelas (Invrea). Legend. Dots: exact localities; triangles: centre of countries or regions when exact locality unknown; stars: type localities. From left to right: P Puerto Real (Spain; type locality of Mutilla pusilla); G Gheddadia (Libya; type locality of S. suberrata); O Bu Fachra (Cyrenaica, Libya; type locality of S. opistomelas) C: Mount Troodos (Cyprus; locality for male S. pusilla sensu Bischoff 1933) A: Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan; type locality for male Mutilla subcomata sensu Radoszkowski 1888). White dots/triangles: S. pusillus, females (published data); yellow area/dots/arrows: S. suberrata sensu Invrea; blue areas/dots: S. opistomelas; red dots: putatite male Smicromyrme pusilla sensu Bischoff 1933; small yellow arrows (left to right) indicate Lampedusa Island, Malta and Pizzo Calabro (Calabria, Italy). Based on André 1910; Baldock et al. 2020a, b; Bischoff 1933; Bogusch 2006; Eiroa & Novoa 1985; Invrea 1953b, 1957, 1964; Giner Marí & Suárez 1959; Lelej 2002; Lelej et al. 2003; Muskovitz & György 2011; Pagliano & Matteini Palmerini 2014; Pagliano et al. 2020; personal data. Data not considered: Berland 1925; S. pusilla (Morocco) in Giner Marí & Suárez 1959 (misidentifications, according to Suárez); published records from Spain (due to uncertainty of specimen identity at genus level; see Matias 2024; this paper).

FIGURE 17 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 17. Known distribution of S. matritensis (Mercet). Legend. Black dots: type locality (Madrid; arrow) and MNCN_ Ent 63065. Yellow dots: new records (records of Pitões das Júnias and Galicia are both included in the same northernmost dot).

FIGURE 16 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 16. Smicromyrme matritensis (Mercet), female, pygidium, variation. A Pitões das Júnias, 24.v.2017 (RMC499) B Lamosa, 11.vi.2017 (RMC529) C Galicia, 14.v.2019 (RMC678). Scale bar: 0.1 mm (A–C).

FIGURE 18 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 18. Smicromyrme opistomelas Invrea, male, Almería (Spain), 12.vii.2023 (RMC2092). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C head, frontal view D clypeus E mandible, dorsal view F mandible, lateral view G lateral habitus H wings, dorsal view I genitalia, dorsal view J genitalia, ventral view K genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (A–B, G), 0.25 mm (C–F), 0.5 mm (H), 0.1 mm (I–K).

FIGURE 19 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 19. Comparison between male Smicromyrme pusillus (Klug in Waltl) (A–D) and S. opistomelas Invrea (E–F); mesosoma, dorsal view (left), T1–2, dorsal view (right). A–B Smicromyrme pusillus, Casal Sobrigal (Torres Vedras, Portugal), 28.vii.2021 (RMC1375) C–D Smicromyrme pusillus, Almería (Spain), 12.vii.2023 (RMC2093) E–F Smicromyrme opistomelas, Almería, 12.vii.2023 (RMC2092). Scale bar: 2.5 mm (A–F).

FIGURE 13 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 13. Smicromyrme matritensis (Mercet), female, Ribeira do Torgal, 15.vii.2019 (RMC818). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C lateral habitus D pygidium E antenna F mandible, ventral view G head, frontal view H mesosoma, dorsolateral view I clypeus (white arrows indicate anterolateral tubercles) J metasoma, felt-line, lateral view K mesosoma, dorsal view L scutellar scale (white arrow). Scale bar: 1 mm (A–C), 0.1 mm (D, I, L), 0.5 mm (E, J), 0.2 mm (F), 0.25 mm (G–H).

FIGURE 15 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 15. Smicromyrme matritensis (Mercet), female, Galicia (Spain), 14.v.2019 (RMC678), variation. A head, frontal view B mesosoma. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 14 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 14. Smicromyrme matritensis (Mercet), female, dorsal habitus, variation. A Pitões das Júnias, 24.v.2017 (RMC499) B Lamosa, 11.vi.2017 (RMC529) C Galicia, 14.v.2019 (RMC678). Scale bar: 1 mm (A–C).

FIGURE 3. Pairing trials 32 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 3. Pairing trials 32 (A) and 53 (B), between Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea and Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl); pairs in copula.

FIGURE 12 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 12. Smicromyrme matritensis (Mercet), male, Ribeira do Torgal (Odemira, Beja, Portugal), 15.vii.2019 (RMC817). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C head, frontal view D clypeus E mandible, dorsal view F mandible, lateral view G lateral habitus H wings, dorsal view I metasoma (T1–T3), dorsal view J metasoma (T2, S2; felt-lines), lateral view K genitalia, dorsal view L genitalia, ventral view M genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (A–B, G), 0.25 mm (C, I–J), 0.1 mm (D), 0.2 mm (E–F, K–M), 0.5 mm (H).

FIGURE 9 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 9. Smicromyrme pusillus (Klug in Waltl), female, metasoma, dorsal view, variation. Note variability of shape of T2 (basally and laterally), and shape, density and extension of the three pale pubescent basal spots and apical fringe of T2. A Carmões, 11.iii.2020 (RMC1099) B Serra do Lima, 16.iv.2019 (RMC639) C Quinta do Hespanhol, 7.vii.2002 (RMC260) D Carmões, 11.iii.2020 (RMC1100) E Foz do Lizandro, 28.vi.2019 (RMC783) F Casal Sobrigal, 2.viii.2021 (RMC1409) G Casal Sobrigal, 5.viii.2021 (RMC1422) H Quinta Nova do Hespanhol, 10.vi.2002 (RMC251) I Serra do Lima, 16.iv.2019 (RMC643). Scale bar: 0.25 mm (A–I).

FIGURE 2 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 2. Summary diagram of pairing trials carried out in 2023. Legend. Specimens employed in the experiments: Males. Smicromyrme suberratus: N–Q; Smicromyrme sp. 3: R; Physetopoda cf. ligustica: S. Females: Ephutomma montarcense: V; Physetopoda pusilla: W–Z, AC–AD; Smicromyrme sp. 1: AA; Smicromyrme sp. 2: AB. Interactions. See legend of Fig. 1.

FIGURE 11 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 11. Occurrence of Smicromyrme pusillus (Klug in Waltl) and S. matritensis (Mercet) in Portugal. A Smicromyrme pusillus, males (= S. suberrata Invrea; yellow dots: photographic records; see Remarks: Additional data) B Smicromyrme pusillus, females (= Physetopoda pusilla) C Smicromyrme matritensis (red dot: male). Localities are shown on UTM 10×10 km grid.

FIGURE 8 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 8. Smicromyrme pusillus (Klug in Waltl), female, mesosoma, dorsal view, variation. Note different proportions and lateral shape (weakly concave to straight); pale pubescence on dorsum extensive on A–C (B unusually silvery), reduced to lateral areas and over mesoscutum on D–F, and further reduced to vestigial spots over the pronotal spiracles on G–I; pronotum may be weakly and diffusely darkened medially on interspaces. A Carmões, 11.iii.2020 (RMC1099) B Serra do Lima, 16.iv.2019 (RMC639) C Quinta do Hespanhol, 7.vii.2002 (RMC260) D Carmões, 11.iii.2020 (RMC1100) E Foz do Lizandro, 28.vi.2019 (RMC783) F Casal Sobrigal, 2.viii.2021 (RMC1409) G Casal Sobrigal, 5.viii.2021 (RMC1422) H Quinta Nova do Hespanhol, 10.vi.2002 (RMC251) I Serra do Lima, 16.iv.2019 (RMC643). Scale bar: 0.25 mm (A–I).

FIGURE 1 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 1. Summary diagram of pairing trials carried out in 2021. Legend. Specimens employed in the experiments: Males. Smicromyrme suberratus: A–J; Ephutomma montarcense: K; Physetopoda cf. ligustica: L–M. Females: Smicromyrme sp. 1: A; Physetopoda cf. sericeiceps: B; Smicromyrme sulcisius: C; Ephutomma montarcense: D; Physetopoda pusilla: E–U. Interactions. Negative:—(avoidance behaviour). Neutral: 0 (no reaction). Positive: + (attempt to grasp pronotal collar), ++ (pronotal collar effectively grasped), ++C (pronotal collar effectively grasped followed by copula). *: male retrieved from pan trap. Numbers in brackets indicate the number of times a pairing trial was attempted for that specific female-male combination. Cells of female-male combinations not attempted are filled in grey.

FIGURE 10 in The subgenus Astomyrme Schwartz, 1984 in the Iberian Peninsula: associating Physetopoda pusilla (Klug in Waltl, 1835) with Smicromyrme suberratus Invrea, 1957, and description of the hitherto unknown female of S. matritentis (Mercet, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

FIGURE 10. Smicromyrme pusillus (Klug in Waltl), female, pygidium, variation. A Carmões, 11.iii.2020 (RMC1099) B Serra do Lima, 16.iv.2019 (RMC639) C Quinta do Hespanhol, 7.vii.2002 (RMC260) D Casal Sobrigal, 5.viii.2021 (RMC1422) E Foz do Lizandro, 28.vi.2019 (RMC783) F Carmões, 11.iii.2020 (RMC1100) G Casal Sobrigal, 2.viii.2021 (RMC1409) H Quinta Nova do Hespanhol, 10.vi.2002 (RMC251) I Serra das Éguas, 15.vii.2022 (RMC1676) J Quinta Nova do Hespanhol, 31.vii.2003 (RMC352) K Quinta do Hespanhol, 11.ix.2002 (RMC318) L Carvoeira, 26.v.2021 (RMC1286). Scale bar: 0.1 mm (A–L).

FIGURE 9 in Sex-association experiments reveal the true identity of Physetopoda lampedusia (Invrea, 1957) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Smicromyrmini)

FIGURE 9. Currently known distribution of E. montarcense. The exact localities according to literature are shown as a black dot, while the administrative regions (of Portugal, Spain and Morocco) including them are filled in dark grey (in the case of the Balearic Islands, only Mallorca is filled). The Island of Lampedusa is shown in the centre of a circle, indicated with an arrow.

FIGURE 4 in Sex-association experiments reveal the true identity of Physetopoda lampedusia (Invrea, 1957) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Smicromyrmini)

FIGURE 4. Ephutomma montarcense, ♁. Casal Sobrigal (Torres Vedras, Portugal), 15.viii.2019, TL = 7.4 mm (A–H, K–L); Casal Sobrigal (Torres Vedras, Portugal), 2.viii.2021 (I–J) A dorsal habitus B mandible: lateral view C mandible: dorsal view D mandible: internal surface, ventro-lateral view E mandible: external surface, ventro-lateral view F clypeus G metasoma, lateral view H antenna I genitalia: ventral view J genitalia: dorsal view K genitalia: dorso-lateral view L genitalia: lateral view. Scale bar = 2 mm (A), 0.25 mm (B–F), 0.5 mm (G–L).

FIGURE 1 in Sex-association experiments reveal the true identity of Physetopoda lampedusia (Invrea, 1957) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Smicromyrmini)

FIGURE 1. Summary diagram of pairing trials carried out. Experiments were performed between female Physetopoda lampedusia (individuals ♀A–G), one undetermined Smicromyrmini female (individual ♀H), male Ephutomma montarcense (individuals ♁A–J) and one male Smicromyrme suberratus (individual ♁K). Legend: Negative interactions: - (avoidance behaviour). Neutral interactions: 0 (no reaction). Positive interactions: + (attempt to grasp pronotal collar), ++ (pronotal collar effectively grasped), ++C (pronotal collar effectively grasped followed by copula). *: male retrieved from a pan trap. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of times a pairing trial was attempted for that specific female-male combination. Cells of female-male combinations not attempted are filled in grey.

FIGURE 3 in Sex-association experiments reveal the true identity of Physetopoda lampedusia (Invrea, 1957) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Smicromyrmini)

FIGURE 3. Ephutomma montarcense, pair ♁J, ♀H, pairing trial 19 (6.viii.2021), copula. Male (holding the female) is landed on the stopper of a transparent tube. Note the extruded sting (♀) and the exposed parameres (♁).