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20 results for “Phytolith”
Lake Ayauchi phytolith dataset 621-1993 cal yr BP
<p>A phytolith count of a sediment core from lake Ayauchi, Ecuador, at the edge of the Amazonian basin.</p>
Pollen morphometric data and phytolith counts and frequencies of native grasses of the Falkland Islands
<p><strong>Groff et al. phytolith count freq.csv</strong> is a dataset of the raw counts and cumulative frequencies of phytolith shape/texture classifications for nine native grass species from the Falkland Islands. Grass species include <strong>xyz. </strong>and 42 phytoliths were classified by counting at least 300 phytoliths. </p> <p><strong>Groff et al. pollen morphometrics.csv</strong> is a dataset of the raw measurements of pollen grains from eight native grass species from the Falkland Islands. Measurements (in µm) include the polar axis, equatorial axis, annulus diameter, pore diameter (col B), annulus diameter (col C), polar axis (col D), equatorial axis (col E), and the respective transformed data (cols F-I) and the six possible ratios of measurements (cols J-O).</p>
Text-fig. 14. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1732 Palmoxylon dutoitii from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: transverse section (TS) with four fibre vascular bundles (fvb) and poorly preserved parenchyma between; b: diagram of one of the fvbs in (a) of the reniform type (f – fibres, mx – metaxylum, p – phloem, px – protoxylum); c: close up of the vascular part of a fvb with 2 metaxylem elements and the collapsed cells to the lower left represents the phloem; d: fvb with 2 metaxylem elements, fibrous part to the left and parencymarous ground tissue to the right; e: lower magnification of fvb in (c); f: fvb with three metaxylem elements and phloem patch below; g: longitudinal section (LS) showing the vascular sections alternating with the fibrous sections; h: LS showing the horizontal thickening on the walls of the metaxylem vessels and a patch of parenchyma to the right (darker cells); i: spheroid echinate phytoliths that are typical of Hyphaene and Borassus. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique
Text-fig. 14. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1732 Palmoxylon dutoitii from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: transverse section (TS) with four fibre vascular bundles (fvb) and poorly preserved parenchyma between; b: diagram of one of the fvbs in (a) of the reniform type (f – fibres, mx – metaxylum, p – phloem, px – protoxylum); c: close up of the vascular part of a fvb with 2 metaxylem elements and the collapsed cells to the lower left represents the phloem; d: fvb with 2 metaxylem elements, fibrous part to the left and parencymarous ground tissue to the right; e: lower magnification of fvb in (c); f: fvb with three metaxylem elements and phloem patch below; g: longitudinal section (LS) showing the vascular sections alternating with the fibrous sections; h: LS showing the horizontal thickening on the walls of the metaxylem vessels and a patch of parenchyma to the right (darker cells); i: spheroid echinate phytoliths that are typical of Hyphaene and Borassus.
Supplementary files for 'Adding 'flavour' to past cuisines: first steps towards a phytolith reference collection of modern Mediterranean herbs'
<p><strong>ESM1</strong>. Supplementary tables:</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong><span>Table S1</span></strong><span>. List of samples analysed in this study. </span><span>Phytolith concentration per gram of original plant tissue. BBG: Barcelona Botanical Garden. BGPC: Botanical Park & Gardens of Crete. PPFF: Park for the Preservation of Fauna and Flora of the Technical University of Crete. Aerial parts: mix of leaves and flowers/inflorescences.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Table S2</strong>. <span>Protocol for extracting phytoliths from modern plants.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>Table S3</span></strong><span>. Weight (in grams) of the original dry plant tissue and the ash left after processing the samples, number of phytoliths observed in each sample and phytolith concentration per gram of original dry plant tissue.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>Table S4</span></strong><span>. Code used for describing phytolith morphotypes and sub-morphotypes according to the ICPN 2.0 (ICPT 2019).</span></p> </li> <li><strong><span>Table S5</span></strong><span>. Results of the microscopic analysis of phytolith samples from modern Mediterranean herbs.</span></li> </ul> <p><span><strong>ESM2</strong>. Reference atlas of phytoliths observed in modern Mediterranean herbs.</span></p>
Towards FAIR phytolith data: first steps down a long and winding road.
<p>This is a video recording of a presentation given at the International Meeting of Phytolith Research on 7th September 2021. It introduces the FAIR phytoliths project that strives to improve the FAIRness of phytolith data for the phytolith community. It starts by explaining what FAIR is, what constraints there currently are on data sharing and what the benefits of implementing FAIR for phytolith data would be. It then goes on to explain the project - what has been done so far, our plan over the next year and also how the phytolith community can get involved. </p> <p>A pdf and powerpoint with a script of the talk can be found here: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5336872#.YTZUWp30lPY">10.5281/zenodo.5336872</a></p>
Supplementary files for 'Investigating the use of grinding tools in prehistoric Bulgaria by phytolith analysis'
<p>Supplementary files for 'Investigating the use of grinding tools in prehistoric Bulgaria by phytolith analysis'.</p> <p>ESM 1. Full description of the protocol used to process archaeological samples for phytolith extraction and other files relevant to the methods.</p> <p>ESM 2. Phytolith datasets, including the full counting sheet, the processing weights and the dataset used for multivariate statistics.</p> <p>ESM 3. Description of the methods and the results of the XRF analysis of two grinding tools.</p>
Data from: The way wear goes – phytolith-based wear on the dentine-enamel system in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
The effect of phytoliths on tooth wear and function has been contested in studies of animal plant interactions. For herbivores whose occlusal chewing surface consists of enamel ridges in dentine tissue, the phytoliths might first erode the softer dentine, exposing the enamel ridges to different occlusal forces and thus leading to enamel wear. To test this hypothesis, we fed guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus; n=36 in 6 groups) for three weeks exclusively on dry or fresh forage of low (lucerne), moderate (fresh timothy grass) or very high (bamboo leaves) silica content representing corresponding levels of phytoliths. We quantified the effect of these treatments with measurements from micro CT scans. Tooth height indicated extreme wear of the bamboo diet that apparently brought maxillary incisors and molars close to the minimum required for functionality. There were negative relationships between a cheek tooth's height and the depth of its dentine basin, corroborating the hypothesis that dentine erosion plays an important role in herbivore tooth wear. In spite of lower body mass, bamboo-fed animals had paradoxically longer cheek tooth rows, and larger occlusal surfaces. Because ever-growing teeth can only change in shape from the base upwards, this is a strong indication that failure to compensate for wear by dental height-growth additionally triggered general expansive growth of the tooth bases. The results suggest that enamel wear may occur in sequence after dentine wear and not the other way around, and illustrate a surprising plasticity in the reactivity of this rodent's system that adjusts tooth growth to wear.
Data from: Late Neolithic phytolith and charcoal records of human activities and vegetation change in Shijiahe culture, Tanjialing site, China
There is significant archaeological evidence marking the collapse of the Shijiahe culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China during the late Neolithic Period. However, the causes for this cultural collapse remain unclear. Our sedimentary records from a 3.3 m long profile and 76 phytolith and charcoal samples from the Tanjialing archaeological sites provide records of interactions between an ancient culture and vegetation change. During the early Shijiahe culture (c, 4850-4400 cal BP), the climate was warm and humid. Fire was intensively used to clear the vegetation. In the mid-period of the Shijiahe culture (c, 4400-4200 cal BP), the climate became slightly dry-cold and this was accompanied by decreasing water, leading to settlements. From c, 4200 cal BP, severe drought eroded the economic foundation of rice-cultivation. These conditions forced people to abandon the Shijiahe ancient city to find water in other regions, leading to the collapse of the Shijiahe culture.
Pyramidal phytolith - GSSCP (Poaceae)
Example of a pyramidal grass silica short cell phytolith (GSSCP). Inspired by Fredlund, G. G., & Tieszen, L. T. (1994). Modern phytolith assemblages from the North American great plains. Journal of Biogeography, 321-335. (figure 2c). Licensed under CC-BY-4.0 by J.N. Cerasoni Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Phytoliths in dicotyledons occurring in North-western Europe: Establishing a baseline
<div> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>This repository contains raw data tables, the R analysis script, plant tissue sample images, and 964 labeled microphotographs as part of the study "Phytoliths in dicotyledons occurring in North-western Europe: Establishing a baseline" published in Annals of Botany. </p> <p>The 964 microphotographs are labeled (metadata) using morphotype codes that can be found in table 2 in the paper (e.g., M-1, AMO_TUB, Tra-1...). </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Phytolith-occluded carbon sequestration potential in three major steppe types along a precipitation gradient in Northern China
<p>Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) is an important long-term stable carbon fraction in grassland ecosystems, and plays a promising role in global carbon sequestration. Determination of the PhytOC traits of different plants in major grassland types is crucial for precisely assessing their phytolith carbon sequestration potential. Precipitation is the predominant factor in controlling net primary productivity (NPP) and species composition of the semiarid steppe grasslands. We selected three representative steppe communities of the desert steppe, the dry typical steppe and the wet typical steppe in Northern Grasslands of China along a precipitation gradient, to investigate their species composition, biomass production and PhytOC content for quantifying its long-term carbon sequestration potential. Our results showed that (i) the phytolith and PhytOC contents in plants differed significantly among species, with dominant grass and sedge species having relatively high contents, and the contents are significantly higher in the below- than the aboveground parts. (ii) The phytolith contents of plant communities were 16.68, 17.94 and 15.85 g kg<sup><span>-1</span></sup> in the above- and 86.44, 58.73 and 76.94 g kg<sup><span>-1</span></sup> in the belowground biomass of the desert steppe, the dry typical steppe and the wet typical steppe, respectively; and the PhytOC contents were 0.68, 0.48 and 0.59 g kg<sup><span>-1</span></sup> in the above- and 1.11, 0.72 and 1.02 g kg<sup><span>-1</span></sup> in the belowground biomass of the three steppe types. (iii) Climatic factors affected phytolith and PhytOC production fluxes of steppe communities mainly through altering plant production, whereas their effects on phytolith and PhytOC contents were relatively small. Our study provides more evidence on the importance of incorporating belowground PhytOC production for estimating phytolith carbon sequestration potential, and suggests it crucial to quantify belowground PhytOC production taking into account of plant perenniality and PhytOC deposition over multiple years.</p>
Novel Experimental Methods to Investigate the Effects of Plant Phytoliths on Tooth Enamel Wear
<p>Data of: Novel Experimental Methods to Investigate the Effects of Plant Phytoliths on Tooth Enamel Wear.</p>
Data from: Taxonomic assessment of opal phytoliths from grasses of deltaic West Bengal, India
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Phytolith-occluded carbon sequestration potential in three major steppe types along a precipitation gradient in Northern China
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Data from: Late Neolithic phytolith and charcoal records of human activities and vegetation change in Shijiahe culture, Tanjialing site, China
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Data from: The way wear goes – phytolith-based wear on the dentine-enamel system in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
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Supplementary material for: A paleothermometer for the Northern Andes based on C3/C4 grass phytoliths
<p><span>Grass-dominated ecosystems cover ~40% of Earth's surface with tropical grasses accounting for ~20% of global net primary productivity. C<sub>3</sub> (cool/temperate) and C<sub>4</sub> (tropical and subtropical) grass distribution is driven primarily by temperature. In this work, we used phytolith assemblages collected from vegetation plots along an elevation and temperature gradient in the Northern Andes (Colombia and Ecuador) to develop a paleothermometer for the region. To accomplish this, we created a transfer function based on the relationship between mean annual temperature (MAT) and the phytolith-based Climatic Index (1-<em>Ic</em>), which is the proportion of </span><span>C<sub>4</sub></span><span> grass phytoliths (GSSCP) over the sum of GSSCP. To evaluate how accurately the index reflects </span><span>C<sub>4</sub></span><span>-</span><span>C<sub>3</sub></span><span> grass abundance in vegetation plots, we compared it with semi-quantitative floristic estimates of </span><span>C<sub>4</sub></span><span>-</span><span>C<sub>3</sub></span><span> grass abundance. To further evaluate the 1-<em>Ic</em> index as a proxy for </span><span>C<sub>4</sub></span><span>-</span><span>C<sub>3</sub></span><span> grass abundance, we compared it with corresponding ∂13C values (an independent proxy for </span><span>C<sub>4</sub></span><span>-</span><span>C<sub>3</sub></span><span> vegetation). Results indicate that 1) GSSCP assemblages correctly estimate </span><span>C<sub>4</sub></span><span>-</span><span>C<sub>3</sub></span><span> grass abundance in vegetation plots; 2) the <em>Ic</em> index outperforms the ∂<sup>13</sup>C record in estimating </span><span>C<sub>4</sub></span><span>-</span><span>C<sub>3</sub></span><span> grass abundance, even in open vegetation types; and 3) our <em>Ic</em> index–based model accurately predicts MAT. This new calibrated proxy will help improve paleotemperature reconstructions in the northern Andes since at least the emergence and spread of </span><span>C<sub>4</sub></span><span> grasses in the region during the late Miocene. </span></p>
Supplementary material for: A paleothermometer for the Northern Andes based on C3/C4 grass phytoliths
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BSc Project Palm Phytoliths - Camille Hobus
<p>This dataset contains the data acquired during the BSc Project "Amazonian palm phytoliths in the context of their phylogenetic relatedness". The project was carried out in April - July 2020 by Camille Hobus at the Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics group of IBED, University of Amsterdam. </p>
Nitrogen addition increases aboveground silicon and phytolith concentrations in understory plants of a tropical forest
<p><strong><i>Purpose</i></strong>: Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plants and plays important roles in the biogeochemical cycle of mineral elements. Yet, few studies have focused on the impact of nitrogen (N) deposition on plant Si uptake and the Si biocycle.</p> <p><strong><i>Methods</i></strong>:<strong> </strong>We designed an experiment dealing with canopy and understory N addition in a tropical forest to comprehensively assess the response of Si cycle to N addition focusing on understory plants and topsoil. After six years of treatment, we compared the effects of different treatments on the concentrations of Si-related variables in the leaves of dominant understory species, and topsoil. The foliar elemental stoichiometry, plant water-use efficiency, and soil properties were also assessed to explore potential mechanisms underpinning an N-regulated biological feedback loop of Si.</p> <p><strong><i>Results</i></strong>: The concentrations of SiO<sub>2</sub> and phytolith in the leaves of the understory plants increased under N addition, while those of phytolith and plant-available Si in the topsoil were not altered. The significant accumulation of Si in the leaves and the unaltered plant-available Si concentrations in the soil were associated with enhanced plant Si uptake and decreased soil phytolith return due to increased phosphorus (P) limitation, soil acidification, and decreased leaf C:N ratios caused by N addition.</p> <p><strong><i>Conclusion</i></strong>: Our findings suggest that N addition affected plant phytolith production and its coupling with the Si biocycle in the forest which may stimulate plant Si accumulation and decrease soil Si return. Nitrogen enrichment will alter the biological Si cycle in forest ecosystems at regional and global scales.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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