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9 results for “Phytophthora ramorum”
Microsatellite allele length of Phytophthora ramorum in San Mateo County California
<p>We implement a population genetics approach to clarify the role that temporal and environmental variability, spatially distinct locations, and different hosts may have in the epidemiology of plant disease and the microevolution of its causative pathogen. In California and Southern Oregon (USA), the introduction of the invasive pathogen <em>Phytophthora ramorum</em>, causal agent of the widespread disease Sudden Oak Death (SOD), has resulted in extensive mortality of various oaks (<em>Quercus sp</em>.) and of tanoak (<em>Notholithocarpus densiflorus</em>). Although the disease can infect over a hundred hosts, California bay laurel (<em>Umbellularia californica</em>) is the most competent transmissive host but is not lethally affected by the disease. Using population genetics data, we identify the relationship among<em> P. ramorum </em>populations in bay laurels, oaks and tanoaks to clarify the contribution of each host on the epidemiology of SOD and the microevolution of its causal agent and to explore differences in population structure across sites and years. We conclude that bay laurel is the primary source for infections of both tanoak and oak, and that tanoak contributes minimally to oak infection but can infect bay laurel, creating a secondary pathogen amplification process. Overall, pathogen diversity is associated with rainfall and presence of bay laurels, which sustain the largest populations of the pathogen. Additionally, we clarify that while bay laurels are a common source of inoculum, oaks and tanoaks act as sinks that maintain host-specific pathogen genotypes not observed in bay laurel populations. Finally, we conclude that different sites support a dominance of different pathogen genotypes. Some genotypes were widespread, while others were limited to a subset of the plots. Sites with higher bay laurel densities sustained a higher genotypic diversity of the pathogen. This work provides novel insight into the ecology and evolutionary trajectories of SOD epidemics in natural ecosystems.</p>
Microsatellite allele length of Phytophthora ramorum in San Mateo County California
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The magnitude of large-scale tree mortality caused by the invasive pathogen Phytophthora ramorum
<p>Forest pathogens are important drivers of tree mortality across the globe but it is exceptionally challenging to gather and build unbiased quantitative models of their impacts, which has resulted in few estimates matching the scale of disease. Here we harness the rare dataset matching the spatial scale of pathogen invasion, host, and disease heterogeneity to estimate infection and mortality for the four most susceptible host species of <em>Phytophthora ramorum</em>, an invasive pathogen that drives the most important biological cause of tree mortality in a broad geographic region of coastal California and southwest Oregon. As of 2012, the most current field survey year, we estimate 17.5 (± 4.6 95% CI) million tanoak (<em>Notholithocarpus densiflorus)</em> stems were pathogen-killed with an additional 71 (± 21.5) million infected. We estimated 9.0 million (± 2.2) coast live oak (<em>Quercus agrifolia)</em> and 1.7 million (± 0.5) California black oak (<em>Quercus kelloggii</em>) stems are disease impacted (mortality and infection combined). Lastly, our estimates showed 95.23 million (± 8.6) million infected California bay laurel (<em>Umbellularia californica</em>), which does not suffer mortality from infection and represents a critical source of continued spread. Using an extensive dataset on mortality rates of infected individuals we estimate that cumulative mortality likely increased from 20.8 to 42.8 million individual stems between 2012 and 2019 for all species. While these impacts are substantial, the majority of host populations occur in a yet to be invaded region of northern California indicating that the disease will intensify in the coming decades.</p>
Molecular assays to detect the presence and viability of Phytophthora ramorum and Grosmannia clavigera
<p>Protocols for the RNA and DNA extractions, cDNA synthesis and qPCR and RT-qPCR for detecting and assessing viability of the Phytophthora ramorum and Grosmannia clavigera tree pathogens.</p>
Molecular assays to detect the presence and viability of Phytophthora ramorum and Grosmannia clavigera
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The magnitude of large-scale tree mortality caused by the invasive pathogen Phytophthora ramorum
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Phytophthora have distinct endogenous small RNA populations that include short interfering and microRNAs: Phytophthora ramorum small RNA
GEO Series GSE50031. Phytophthora ramorum. 1 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Expression diversity of Phytophthora ramorum from canyon live oak
GEO Series GSE62643. Phytophthora ramorum. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Expression diversity in Phytophthora ramorum
GEO Series GSE36178. Phytophthora ramorum. 13 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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