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32 results for “Piaractus”
Fig. 3 in Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
Fig. 3. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content (nmol TMP mg wet tissue-1) in a. gills and b. kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles under different water hardness and pH at different times. LWH = low water hardness (50 mg CaCO L-1); HWH = high water hardness (120 mg CaCO L-1). Data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 3 3 9 fish treatment–1). Different uppercase letters indicate statistically differences between pH at the same hardness (P <0.05). Different lowercase letters indicate statistically differences between hardness at the same pH (P <0.05).
Fig. 2 in Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
Fig. 2. Total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) (relative area) in a. gills and b. kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles under different water hardness and pH at different times. LWH = low water hardness (50 mg CaCO L-1); HWH = high water hardness (120 mg CaCO L-1). Data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 9 fish treatment–1). 3 3 Different uppercase letters indicate statistically differences between pH at the same hardness (P <0.05).
Fig. 3 in Phenotypic plasticity associated to environmental hypoxia in the neotropical serrasalmid Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)
Fig. 3. Response curves of three morphological variables of Piaractus mesopotamicus (proportion of increase) respect to dissolved oxygen gradient. Black arrow indicates the DO concentration determined for the inflection point of the reaction norm.
Fig. 1 in Phenotypic plasticity associated to environmental hypoxia in the neotropical serrasalmid Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)
Fig. 1. Development and reversion of the three morphological variables exposed to nine hours of hypoxia, followed by three hours of normoxia in Piaractus mesopotamicus. (a) lower lip, (b) maxillary, and (c) opercular valve. Capital letters above box plots indicate groups in multiple comparisons (Tukey's tests) after repeated measures ANOVA.
Fig. 4 in Phenotypic plasticity associated to environmental hypoxia in the neotropical serrasalmid Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)
Fig. 4. Response curves of behavioral and respiratory variables of Piaractus mesopotamicus respect to dissolved oxygen gradient. Black arrow indicates inflection point given by the four parameters logistic function. The curve fitted to data points is not shown for horizontal and vertical movements due to the great dispersion.
Fig. 5 in Phenotypic plasticity associated to environmental hypoxia in the neotropical serrasalmid Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)
Fig. 5. Comparisons of plasticity among behavioral (a), respiratoy (b) and morphological traits (c) of Piaractus mesopotamicus as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) across the DO gradient. Capital letters above box plots indicate groups in multiple comparison Tukey's tests after a one way ANOVA. Names of traits as defined in the text.
Fig. 2 in Phenotypic plasticity associated to environmental hypoxia in the neotropical serrasalmid Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)
Fig. 2. Photographs showing increases in size of the three morphological traits of Piaractus mesopotamicus analyzed exposed to extreme hypoxia: (a) lower lip, (b) maxillary, and (c) opercular valve. White arrow indicates the area where the expansion of dermal tissue occurred.
Fig. 8 in Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Fig. 8. Relationship between fecundity (number of oocytes) and the TL, TM and GM of P. mesopotamicus in the headwaters (1a, 2a and 3a) and flood area (1b, 2b and 3b), between August 2006 and July 2007.
Fig. 7 in Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Fig. 7. Relative frequency distribution of the ovarian follicle diameter (µm) of P. mesopotamicus in the headwaters (a) and flood area (b) between August 2006 and July 2007.
Fig. 2 in Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Fig. 2. Absolute frequency of young () and adult () individuals in the headwaters - Rosário Oeste, MT (a), and in the flood area - Poconé, MT (b), and frequency distribution by class of TL (cm) of P. mesopotamicus females () and males () in the headwaters (c) and the flood area (d) between August 2006 and July 2007.
Fig. 4 in Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Fig. 4. Monthly variation of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of P. mesopotamicus females and males in the headwaters (a,b) and the flood area (c,d), respectively, between August 2006 and July 2007.
Fig. 6 in Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Fig. 6. Variation in the stomachsomatic index (IS) of P. mesopotamicus females and males (a, b) and hepatosomatic index (IH) of females and males(c, d), respectively, according to the stages of gonadal maturation between August 2006 and July 2007.
Fig. 1 in Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Fig. 1. Geographic location of the sites sampled in the Cuiabá River basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil.
Fig. 3 in Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Fig. 3. Relative frequency of P. mesopotamicus females in the headwaters - Rosário Oeste, MT (a) and in the flood area - Poconé, MT (b) according to the stages of gonadal maturation (MG; MA; SP and RE) between August 2006 and July 2007.
Fig. 3 in Diet shift of Red Belly Pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a Neotropical fish, in the Sepik-Ramu River Basin, Papua New Guinea
Fig. 3. Bray Curtis (Polar) ordination of arcsine-square root transformed volumetric proportions of food categories. Abbreviations: AP, aquatic plants; AI, aquatic invertebrates; Fi, fish remains; TP, terrestrial plants; TI, terrestrial invertebrates. Other includes: mammals, arthropods, plant material of unknown origin, and debris (Sepik); detritus (Tarapoto); gravel (Caquetá FW). Site abbreviations follow those in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 in Diet shift of Red Belly Pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a Neotropical fish, in the Sepik-Ramu River Basin, Papua New Guinea
Fig. 2. Comparison of the relative contribution of food categories to the diet (% volume) of Piaractus brachypomus of introduced (Sepik River) and natural populations (Colombia: Tarapoto Lake and Caquetá River; Brazil: Tocantins River and Tucuruí Reservoir; Venezuela: Caura River). Food items included in each category are listed in Table 1. Category "Other" includes: mammals, arthropods, plant material of unknown origin, and debris (Sepik); detritus (Tarapoto); gravel (Caquetá FW). Abbreviations: FW, falling water season, LW, low water season; RW, rising water season; DS, downstream from reservoir; RS, reservoir.
Fig. 1 in Diet shift of Red Belly Pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a Neotropical fish, in the Sepik-Ramu River Basin, Papua New Guinea
Fig. 1. Map of sampling site and locations of comparative studies. Circles represent sites in the Amazon Basin (Colombia: Tarapoto Lake and Caquetá River; Brazil: Tocantins River). The triangle represents a site in the Orinoco Basin (Venezuela: Caura River). The star represents the sampling site at the lower Sepik River, Papua New Guinea (PNG).
FIGURE 7 in Genetic comparison of populations of Piaractus brachypomus and P. orinoquensis (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) of the Amazon and Orinoco basins
FIGURE 7 | Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) based in six microsatellite loci of 95 individuals of Piraractus orinoquensis.
FIGURE 6 in Genetic comparison of populations of Piaractus brachypomus and P. orinoquensis (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) of the Amazon and Orinoco basins
FIGURE 6 | Management units of Piaractus. In Piaractus brachypomus the color blue corresponds to the MUs of the sedimentary basin (1), the color violet represents the south shield MUs (2) and the sky-blue color represents the northern shield MUs (3). Piaractus orinoquensis is represented by a single MU indicated in orange (4).
FIGURE 3 in Genetic comparison of populations of Piaractus brachypomus and P. orinoquensis (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) of the Amazon and Orinoco basins
FIGURE 3 | Haplotype genealogies of Piaractus orinoquensis. The circle size is proportional to the haplotype frequency. Each line represents a single mutation. Colors correspond to localities.
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