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11 results for “Pioneer tree species”
Demographic differentiation among pioneer tree species during old-field succession of a Neotropical rainforest
<p>Early pioneer species share life histories enabling them to colonize disturbed sites, but how much they differ demographically and how such differentiation determines pioneer species turnover during succession are still open questions. Here, we approached these issues by comparing the demography of dominant pioneer tree species during the old-field succession of tropical rainforest in Southeast Mexico.</p> <p>We assessed changes in population density, population structure, vital rates, and intrinsic population growth rate (r) of the pioneer species Trema micrantha, Cecropia peltata, and Trichospermum mexicanum during the first 35 years of succession. For this, we combined chronosequence and long-term (from 2000 to 2018) data from 14 old-fields with 0.5-35 years fallow age.</p> <p>Trema colonized and disappeared first during succession (< 15 years), followed by Cecropia (< 28) and Trichospermum (> 31). All species exhibited hump-shaped successional trajectories of population density and biomass with Trema reaching a peak first, followed by Cecropia and later Trichospermum. Species exhibited a fast reduction in r with fallow age, with Trema reaching negative growth rates (r < 0) in the third, Cecropia in the fourth, and Trichospermum in the seventh year of succession. Recruitment, growth, and mortality rates of seedlings and juveniles defined the period of population increase and the age of succession at which each species reached maximum density and biomass. The mortality rate in mature stages determined how long each species persisted during succession. An important variation in species replacement occurred among study sites. In some sites one species was abundant and the others were almost absent, while it was the opposite in other sites. We inferred that priority inhibitory effects operated among species during the field colonization.</p> <p>Synthesis: Although Trema, Cecropia, and Trichospermum are considered typical pioneer trees, these species differed importantly in their demographic attributes during succession. The speed at which r declined with age of succession indicated the moment at which each species reached its maximum density and species replacement sequence during succession. However, inter-specific priority inhibitory effects during field colonization may also be involved in the chance of colonization and replacement between species with similar regeneration strategies.</p>
Data from: Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India
Abstract The interactive role of life-history traits and environmental forcing on plant-water relations is crucial for understanding species response to climate change but remains poorly understood in secondary tropical montane forests (TMFs). Comparing contrasting life-history traits (pioneer vs late-successional species) in a biodiverse Eastern Himalayan secondary TMF, we investigated sap flow responses in co-occurring pioneer species, Symplocos racemosa (n=5) and Eurya acuminata (n=5), and late-successional species, Castanopsis hystrix (n=3), using modified Granier's Thermal Dissipation probes. The fast-growing pioneers S. racemosa and E. acuminata) had 2.1- and 1.6-times higher sap flux density than the late-successional C. hystrix, respectively, and exhibited characteristics of long-lived pioneer species. Significant radial and azimuthal variability in sap flow (V) between species was observed and attributed to life history traits and the canopy's access to sunlight. Nocturnal V (1800-0500 hr) was 13.8 % of daily V and is attributed to stem recharge for evening V (1800-2300 hr) and to endogenous stomatal controls for pre-dawn V (0000-0500 hr). Both the shallow-rooted pioneer species exhibited midday depression in V attributed to photosensitivity and diel moisture stress response. In contrast, deep-rooted C. hystrix transpired unaffected across the dry season likely accessing groundwater. Thus, the secondary broadleaved TMFs, with the dominance of shallow-rooted pioneers, are more prone to the negative impacts of drier and warmer winters than primary forests, which are dominated by deep-rooted species. The study provides an empirical understanding of life-history traits and microclimate modulating plant-water use in widely distributed secondary TMFs in Eastern Himalaya and highlights their vulnerability against warmer winters and reduced snowfall due to climate change.
Data from: Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India
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Demographic differentiation among pioneer tree species during old-field succession of a Neotropical rainforest
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Data from: Can variation in seed removal patterns of Neotropical pioneer tree species be explained by local ant community composition?
<p>Many plants depend on animals for seed dispersal, and ants commonly fill this role. We examined if heterogeneity in ant community composition among sites, between above- and below-ground foraging guilds, or between seasons predicts observed variation in seed removal rates for 12 nonmyrmecochorous Neotropical pioneer tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We also investigated if ants associated with removing seeds differed in specific morphological characters from the larger ant community. We observed ant-seed interactions at caches to determine which ants removed seeds of 12 tree species. We also sampled ant community composition by placing 315 pitfall traps and 160 subterranean traps across the five sites where seed removal rates were quantified. Above-ground ant community composition varied by site but not season. Among-site variation in ant composition did not predict seed removal patterns at these same sites. Below-ground ant communities differed from above-ground ant communities but were not structured by either site or seed cache type. Finally, ants that removed seeds did not differ morphologically from the broader ant community. Overall, our results suggest ant communities vary over relatively small spatial scales but exhibit a high degree of functional redundancy in terms of seed removal services provided for Neotropical pioneer tree species.</p>
Fig. 5 in Phylogeography of three closely related myrmecophytic pioneer tree species in SE Asia: implications for species delimitation
Fig. 5 Distribution of the different ant species on their respective host plants M. constricta, M. griffithiana, and M. motleyana (including data from Quek et al. 2007 = lineages A, B, D, K, and G/H)
Fig. 2 in Phylogeography of three closely related myrmecophytic pioneer tree species in SE Asia: implications for species delimitation
Fig. 2 Statistical parsimony network based on cpDNA haplotype data, generated with the TCS program (Clement et al. 2000). Each circle represents a unique haplotype (indicated by numbers). Circle sizes are proportional to the number of individuals carrying the respective
Data manuscript Gomez et al. Facilitation by pioneer trees and herbivore exclusion allow regeneration of woody species in the semiarid ecosystem of central Chile. Applied Vegetation Science
<p>Data of the paper: Nicolás Gómez-Fernández, Cecilia Smith-Ramírez, Cristian A. Delpiano, Alejandro Miranda, Inao Vásquez, Pablo I. Becerra<span>. </span>Facilitation by pioneer trees and herbivore exclusion allow regeneration of woody species in the semiarid ecosystem of central Chile. Applied Vegetation Science</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Can variation in seed removal patterns of Neotropical pioneer tree species be explained by local ant community composition?
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Fig. 4 in Phylogeography of three closely related myrmecophytic pioneer tree species in SE Asia: implications for species delimitation
Fig. 4 Results of species-specific Bayesian structure analyses of M. griffithiana (optimal K =2) and M. motleyana (optimal K =4). Bar plots were obtained with the admixture model and are illustrated on the map. Numbers in parentheses are locality numbers as used in Fig. 3
Fig. 1 in Phylogeography of three closely related myrmecophytic pioneer tree species in SE Asia: implications for species delimitation
Fig. 1 Study sites and geographic distribution of cpDNA haplotypes found in M. constricta, M. griffithiana, and M. motleyana. Circle sizes are proportional to population sample sizes. Individual haplotypes are defined by different colors (for haplotype numbers see Table 1, Fig. 2)
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