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20 results for “Placodermi”
Figure 7 in The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance
Figure 7. Global distribution pattern for Wuttagoonaspididae and 'Antarctaspididae', plotted on a Devonian reconstruction (after Zhao & Zhu, 2007). South Chinese Pragian localities: 1, Zhaotong (Yunnan; Dupret, 2008) and 2, Liujing (Guangxi; this paper); Gondwanan Givetian localities: 3, Amadeus Basin and 4, Georgina Basin (central Australia; Young, 2005a, b; Young & Goujet, 2003); 5, west-central New South Wales (Australia; Hills, 1931, 1936; Ritchie, 1973; Young, 1993, 1999); 6, Antarctic Aztec Siltstone, Victorialand (White, 1968).
Figure 6 in The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance
Figure 6. Summary of the stratigraphical ranges (Lochkovian–Famennian) for the Wuttagoonaspididae and the 'Antarctaspididae' (Arthrodira) of south China (S.CH) and Gondwana. Supposed stratigraphical ranges indicated by dashed lines with '?'. South Chinese taxa stratigraphical range after Dupret, 2008; Wang et al., 1998. Gondwanan taxa stratigraphical range after Ritchie, 1973; White, 1968; Young & Goujet, 2003. Conodont zonation from Zhu et al., 2000 (Lochkovian) and Talent et al., 2000 (Pragian–Famennian). Lochkovian macrovertebrate assemblages (MAV I-III, left side of the column) after Zhu et al., 2000; Pragian–Famennian macrovertebrate assemblages (MAV2-15, right side of the column), miospore (GH, GF, VCo, LN, LV) and conodont zone is approximate (modified after Young, 1996, 2005a, b; Young & Turner, 2000; Young & Long, 2005).
Figure 5 in The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance
Figure 5. Recapitulative table of the different phylogenetic analyses performed. Key: 50%, 50% majority rule consensus tree; a.PaN, anterior paranuchal plate; addsequ, addition sequence; CS, strict consensus tree; L, length of each equiparsimonious tree; n, number of equiparsimonious trees; nreps, number of replications.
Figure 2 in The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance
Figure 2. Subcomplete skull roof of Yujiangolepis liujingensis Wang et al., 1998 (holotype IVPP V 1957). A, photograph of the skull roof in dorsal view; B, magnification around right central and anterior paranuchal plates; C, interpretative sketch of the skull roof after (A); D, right dorsolateral view of the skull roof. Abbreviations: a.PaN, anterior paranuchal plate; C, central plate; cc, central sensory groove; d.end.e, external foramen of the endolymphatic duct; d.end.i, internal foramen of the endolymphatic duct; f.Pi, pineal foramen; ioc, infraorbital sensory groove; lc, main lateral sensory groove; M, marginal plate; mpl, middle pit-line; N, nuchal plate; occ, occipital cross commissure; PaN, paranuchal plate; Pi, pineal plate; PM, postmarginal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory groove; ppl, posterior pit-line; PrO, preorbital plate; PtN, postnasal plate; PtO, postorbital plate; R, rostral plate; rc, rostral sensory groove; sac, saculla of the inner ear; soc, supraorbital sensory groove. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Figure 4 in The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance
Figure 4. Phylogenetic relationships amongst Arthrodira after inclusion of the Australian Toombalepis tuberculata in the data matrix. A, strict consensus tree; B, majority rule consensus (indices given on the corresponding branches); C, the four possible topologies encountered (frequencies given); D, strict consensus tree obtained after deletion of Lunaspis and Eurycaraspis and inclusion of Antarctaspis mcmurdoensis, T. tuberculata, and Yujiangolepis liujingensis in the outgroup.
Figure 1 in The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance
Figure 1. Guangxi province in China (A) and position of Liujing in Guangxi (B). Stratigraphical section (C) and column (D) in Liujing (slightly modified after Kuang et al., 1989: figs 3–4).
Figure 3 in The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships and classification amongst Arthrodira. Nodes are indicated with normal font; Bremer indices are given in italic below the corresponding branches, and characteristics for each Bremer research is given in the right column.
Figure 4 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 4. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). A, skull roof in internal view. Scale bar: 10 cm. B, parasphenoid in ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 9. A in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 9. A, strict consensus tree based on 98 characters and 23 taxa derived from PAUP* (consensus tree length, TL = 246; consistency index, CI = 0.498; retention index, RI = 0.502; and Rohlf's CI = 0.708; consensus based on six trees, TL = 237, CI = 0.498, and RI = 0.537). B, strict consensus tree based on 98 characters and 22 taxa (excluding Kiangyousteus yohii, consensus TL = 237, CI = 0.498, RI = 0.535, and Rohlf's CI = 0.993; consensus based on three trees, TL = 237, CI = 0.498, and RI = 0.535). Named nodes: node 1, Brachythoraci; node 4, Eubrachythoraci; node 5, Pachyosteomorphi; node 6, Coccosteomorphi; node 8, Aspinothoracidi; node 9, Dunkleosteus; node 10, Panxiosteidae; node 11, Dunkleosteidae; node 12, Dunkleosteoidea; and node 13, Dinichthyidae. *Character scores for Homostius compiled for the Baltic species sensu Heintz, 1934. **Scores based on Camuropiscis concinnus and Camuropiscis laidlawi.
Figure 2. Regional geography and stratigraphic relationships. A in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 2. Regional geography and stratigraphic relationships. A, geography and depositional basins for the USA mid-continent (modified from Elliott et al., 2000). Fossil localities: 1, Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (northern Ohio); 2, Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (Kettle Point, Ontario); 3, Dinichthys herzeri (western Ohio). Structural features (thick dashed lines): a, Algonquin Arch; c, Cincinnati Arch; f, Findlay Arch. State boundaries, dot double-dash lines; Canadian boundary, dotted lines. Concentric lines of basinal deposition, thin dashed lines. Great Lakes (grey). B, generalized stratigraphic columns for the Appalachian and Michigan basins. Modified and updated from Elliott et al. (2000). A Famennian age for the entire Ohio Shale Formation is based on Over & Rhodes (2000). The presence of the Chagrin Shale Member in central Ohio is based on subsurface g-ray profiles (Walker & Babcock, 1999). Fossil localities as in A. Hiatuses in grey. O.b. = Olmsted bed in the Cleveland Shale Member.
Figure 8 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 8. Dorsal view of a generalized eubrachythoracid arthrodire skull roof, presented as a flattened image. The measurements (a, b, and c) used in the length ratios (r1 and r2) of characters 92 and 93 are indicated: r1 (character 92) = b/c; r2 (character 93) = a/c. Not drawn to scale.
Figure 1. Dinichthys herzeri. A, AMNH 81 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 1. Dinichthys herzeri. A, AMNH 81 (holotype), incomplete nuchal plate in internal view. B, AMNH 73 (paratype), left inferognathal plate in lateral view. C, AMNH 34, left anterior superognathal in lateral view. D, AMNH 33, right posterior superognathal in lateral view. Reconstruction of six denticles in the posterior tooth row based on CMNH 7257. Drawings reproduced from Hlavin, 1976. Scale bars equal 3 cm.
Figure 3 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 3. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). Reconstruction and skull roof, former based on a photograph tracing in dorsal view (A, C) and right lateral (B, D) views. Plate boundaries are difficult to discern as a result of poor preservation. Solid lines indicate clear boundaries. Dashed lines indicate dubious boundaries. Sensory line grooves are indicated by dotted lines. Scale bar: 10 cm.
Figure 7 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 7. Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (UM 101105). Parasphenoid in ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 6 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 6. Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (UM 101105). A, B, nuchal and paranuchal plates, and reconstruction, in internal view. C, external reconstruction. Dotted lines indicate incomplete edges; dashed lines indicate the reconstruction of the posterolateral corner of the nuchal plate. Scale bars: 5 cm.
Figure 5 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 5. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). Dermal ornamentation on postorbital plate. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Data from: New information on Titanichthys (Placodermi: Arthrodira) from the Cleveland shale (upper devonian) of Ohio, USA
The placoderm (Titanichthys) from the Late Devonian (Famennian) is based on incomplete and fragmentary specimens that have hindered understanding of its overall anatomy and phylogenetic relationships. A new, nearly complete, articulated specimen from the Upper Devonian Cleveland Shale provides new information about the previously undescribed rostral, postmarginal, postsuborbital, submarginal, posterior superognathal plates, and the nasal capsule. A revised diagnosis is provided for the genus. Three new diagnostic characters are identified including a transversely elliptical rostral plate that does not contact adjacent plates, a reduced posterior superognathal, and a median dorsal plate that inserts into the posterior dorsal lateral plate. The first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of (Titanichthys) indicates that the genus is a basal aspinothoracid arthrodire closely related to the enigmatic taxa (Bungartius) and (Tafilalichthys).
Data from: New information on Titanichthys (Placodermi: Arthrodira) from the Cleveland shale (upper devonian) of Ohio, USA
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Data from: Evolutionary origins of teeth in jawed vertebrates: conflicting data from acanthothoracid dental plates ('Placodermi')
Placoderms (Devonian fossil fishes) are resolved phylogenetically to the base of jawed vertebrates and provide important evidence for evolutionary origins of teeth, particularly with respect to the Arthrodira. The arthrodires represent a derived group of placoderms; the dentition of other more primitive placoderms such as the acanthothoracids is less well known. Articulated acanthothoracid dental plates are rare; x-ray computed tomography of a single, unique specimen, along with 3D segmentation of bone, oral denticles and vascular spaces, provides intrinsic developmental and topological information relevant to tooth origins. Recently, a disarticulated element was identified as a dental plate of the acanthothoracid Romundina stellina, with synchrotron microtomography providing characters to comment on ongoing debates regarding the evolution of teeth. We used segmental quantitative methods to re-analyse this data, for comparison to the articulated and unquestionable acanthothoracid dental plates above. We demonstrate substantial differences between these, disputing the identity of the isolated plate of R. stellina as a dental plate, and thus its relevance to questions of tooth evolution.
Data from: Evolutionary origins of teeth in jawed vertebrates: conflicting data from acanthothoracid dental plates (‘Placodermi’)
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