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25 results for “Plant domestication”
Data from: Geographic variation in leaf traits and palatability of a native plant invader during domestic expansion
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Supplementary Materials - Integrating Spatial Analyses and Microbotanical Remains: A Methodological Approach for Investigating Plant Processing Activities and Domestic Spaces at Neolithic Çatalhöyük.
<p><strong>Supplementary Materials I, II, and III - Integrating Spatial Analyses and Microbotanical Remains: A Methodological Approach for Investigating Plant Processing Activities and Domestic Spaces at Neolithic Çatalhöyük.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Supplementary I</strong> contains the raw data for the microbotanical analyses on Buildings 80 and 131. It consists of laboratory track sheets and the raw counts of phytoliths and starch grains from each building.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary II</strong> contains: a) A detailed description of all the starch grain typologies encountered in this research along with references from modern reference collections; b) A visual example of each of the phytolith morphotypes identified and c) The variogram and the Kriging error variances.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary III</strong> refers to the R code, building shape files (Mask), and spatial data utilized to produce the Kriging and IDW stipital objects.</p>
Data for: Soil domestication by rice cultivation results in plant-soil feedback through shifts in soil microbiota
<p>This repository contains the data for the manuscript entitled "Soil domestication by rice cultivation results in plant-soil feedback through shifts in soil microbiota." Analysis scripts can be found at <a href="https://github.com/bulksoil/SoilDomestication">https://github.com/bulksoil/SoilDomestication</a></p>
Data and code: Plants cultivated for ecosystem restoration can evolve towards a domestication syndrome
<p>Data and code to the publication Conrady et al (2023): Plants cultivated for ecosystem restoration can evolve towards a domestication syndrome, PNAS.</p>
Experimental demonstration of allometric invariance of plant response to density over the course of wheat domestication
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Data from: Domesticated tomatoes are more vulnerable to negative plant-soil feedbacks than their wild relatives
Domesticated plants can differ from their wild counterparts in the strength and outcome of species interactions, both above- and belowground. Plant-soil feedbacks influence plant success, and plant-associated soil microbial communities can influence plant interactions with herbivores and their natural enemies, yet, it is unclear if domestication has changed these relationships. To determine the effects of domestication on plant-soil interactions, we characterized soil microbial communities associated with various cultivars of domesticated tomato and some of its wild relatives. We measured the strength and direction of plant-soil feedbacks for domesticated and wild tomatoes, and the effects of soil on plant resistance to specialist herbivory by Manduca sexta, and the attraction of a parasitoid wasp, Cotesia congregata. Domesticated tomatoes and their wild relatives had negative plant-soil feedbacks, as conspecifics cultivated soil that negatively impacted performance of subsequent plants (longer germination time, lower biomass) than if they grew in non-tomato soils. Significant variation existed among domesticated and wild tomato varieties in the strength of these feedbacks, ranging from neutral to strongly negative. For aboveground plant biomass, tomato wild relatives were unaffected by growing in tomato-conditioned soil while domesticated tomatoes grew smaller in tomato soil, indicating effects of plant domestication. Overall, increased microbial biomass within the rhizosphere resulted in progressively less-negative plant-soil feedbacks. Plant cultivars had different levels of resistance to herbivory by M. sexta, but this did not depend on plant domestication or soil type. The parasitoid C. congregata was primarily attracted to herbivore damaged plants, independent of plant domestication status, and for these damaged plants, wasps preferred some cultivars over others, and wild plants grown in tomato soil over wild plants grown in non-tomato soil. Synthesis: These results indicate that crop tomatoes are more likely to show negative plant-soil feedbacks than wild progenitors, which could partially explain their sensitivity to monocultures in agricultural soils. Further, cultivar-specific variation in the ability to generate soil microbial biomass, independent of domestication status, appears to buffer the negative consequences of sharing the same soil. Last, soil legacies were relatively absent for herbivores, but not for parasitoid wasps, suggesting trophic level specificity in soil feedbacks on plant-insect interactions.
Rational domestication of a plant-based recombinant expression system expands its biosynthetic range
<p><span>Plant molecular farming aims to provide a green, flexible, and rapid alternative to conventional recombinant expression systems, capable of producing complex biologics such as enzymes, vaccines, and antibodies. Historically, the recombinant expression of therapeutic peptides in plants has proven difficult, largely due to their small size and instability. However, some plant species harbour the capacity for peptide backbone cyclization, a feature inherent in stable therapeutic peptides. One obstacle to realizing the potential of plant-based therapeutic peptide production is the proteolysis of the precursor before it is matured into its final stabilized form. Here we demonstrate the rational domestication of </span><em><span>Nicotiana</span> <span>benthamiana</span></em><span> within two generations to endow this plant molecular farming host with an expanded repertoire of peptide sequence space. The </span><em><span>in planta</span></em><span> production of molecules including an insecticidal peptide, a prostate cancer therapeutic lead and an orally active analgesic are demonstrated.</span></p>
Data for: Plant host domestication and soil nutrient availability determine positive plant microbial response across the Solanum genus
<p>Domestication of crops has changed how crops shape their associated microbial communities compared to their progenitors. However, studies testing how crop domestication-driven differences in rhizosphere microbial communities affect plant health are limited mostly to specific symbiont pairings. By conducting a soil manipulation greenhouse study, we examined plant growth and yield in response to differences in microbial communities and nutrient availability across a variety of wild, landrace, and cultivated potatoes. Coupled with this, we conducted 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing to examine plant host and soil treatment-driven differences in microbial community composition on potato plant roots. Our results found the plant response to microbes (PRM) is context-dependent. In low nutrient conditions, landraces responded positively to the presence of live soil microbial inocula. Conversely, modern potato varieties positively responded in high nutrient conditions. Amplicon sequencing found differences in bacterial communities due to environmental and temporal factors. However, potato clade (e.g. Andigenum, Chiletanum, <em>S. berthaulti</em>, and Modern) alone did not lead to differences in microbial communities that accounted for PRM differences. Differences in PRM between landraces and modern potatoes, and the correlation of PRM to microbial diversity, suggest that domestication has altered the <em>S. tuberosum</em> response to rhizosphere microbiomes.</p>
Fig. 6 in Variation in production of cyanogenic glucosides during early plant development: A comparison of wild and domesticated sorghum
Fig. 6. Proportion of nitrogen allocated to dhurrin and nitrate (NO3) in dried, finely ground tissues of S. bicolor, S. brachypodum and S. macrospermum plants at 35 d post-germination. A) Dhurrin allocation; B) Nitrate allocation; C) C:N ratio. Graphs show mean ± 1 standard error (n = 3). Columns with different letters within each tissue are significantly different (p <0.05).
Fig. 3 in Variation in production of cyanogenic glucosides during early plant development: A comparison of wild and domesticated sorghum
Fig. 3. Leaf characteristics of S. bicolor, S. brachypodum and S. macrospermum plants at six harvest points during the first 35 d post-germination. A) Total leaf number; B) Total leaf area (TLA); C) Specific leaf area (SLA); D) Leaf area ratio (LAR). Graphs show mean ± 1 standard error (n = 5), with statistically significant differences indicated at each time point: *p <0.05.
Fig. 5 in Variation in production of cyanogenic glucosides during early plant development: A comparison of wild and domesticated sorghum
Fig. 5. Tissue-specific hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp, mg HCN per g dw 1) and morphology of individual A) S. bicolor, B) S. brachypodum and C) S. macrospermum plants at six time points during seedling development. The HCNp of a section of the sheath, roots, and each individual leaf was measured at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days (D) post-germination. Colour scale indicates HCNp, used as a proxy for dhurrin concentration (green = low; red = high). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 4 in Variation in production of cyanogenic glucosides during early plant development: A comparison of wild and domesticated sorghum
Fig. 4. Hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp, mg HCN per g dw 1) and concentration of nitrate (NO) in dried, finely ground tissues of S. bicolor, S. brachypodum and 3 S. macrospermum plants at six harvest points during the first 35 d post-germination (at 35 dpg only for NO3). A) Leaf HCNp; B) Sheath HCNp; C) Root HCNp; D) Total NO3. Graphs show mean ± 1 standard error (n = 5), with statistically significant differences indicated at each time point: *p <0.05. Columns with different letters within each tissue are significantly different (p <0.05). Data for leaf HCNp at 3 days post-germination not shown as a true leaf had not emerged at this stage.
Fig. 1 in Variation in production of cyanogenic glucosides during early plant development: A comparison of wild and domesticated sorghum
Fig. 1. Known geographic distribution of the two wild Sorghum species S. brachypodum and S. macrospermum and the site of collection of the accessions examined in the current study. Seeds were obtained from the Australian Grains Genebank (AGG), Horsham, Victoria. Occurrence records of S. brachypodum and S. macrospermum were obtained from the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), htt p://www.ala.org.au. Each blue circle represents an occurrence record of S. brachypodum and each orange circle represents S. macrospermum (circled). Collection localities of individual accessions examined here are marked by darker coloured circles. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Data from: The genetic structure of the plant pathogenic fungus Melampsora larici-populina on its wild host is extensively impacted by host domestication
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Data for: Plant host domestication and soil nutrient availability determine positive plant microbial response across the Solanum genus
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Data from: Indications for three independent domestication events for the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) and new insights into the origin of tea germplasm in China and India revealed by nuclear microsatellites
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Rational domestication of a plant-based recombinant expression system expands its biosynthetic range
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Data from: Domesticated tomatoes are more vulnerable to negative plant-soil feedbacks than their wild relatives
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Data from: Plant domestication disrupts biodiversity effects across major crop types
Plant diversity fosters productivity in natural ecosystems. Biodiversity effects might increase agricultural yields at no cost in additional inputs. However, the effects of diversity on crop assemblages are inconsistent, probably because crops and wild plants differ in a range of traits relevant to plant-plant interactions. We tested whether domestication has changed the potential of crop mixtures to over-yield by comparing the performance and traits of major crop species and those of their wild progenitors under varying levels of diversity. We found stronger biodiversity effects in mixtures of wild progenitors, due to larger selection effects. Variation in selection effects was partly explained by within-mixture differences in leaf size. Our results indicate that domestication might disrupt the ability of crops to benefit from diverse neighbourhoods via reduced trait variance. These results highlight potential limitations of current crop mixtures to over-yield and the potential of breeding to re-establish variance and increase mixture performance.
Data from: Shifts in plant functional strategies over the course of wheat domestication
1. Human selection, changes in environmental conditions and management practices drove the phenotypic trajectory of crops during domestication. The characterization of the crop domestication syndrome lies mostly on reproductive characters. However, biophysical and ecophysiological constraints during vegetative growth are also at play and can strongly impact crop phenotypes. It has been argued that a broadened examination of crop phenotypes through a functional trait-based lens should improve our understanding of the domestication syndrome. 2. We used a collection of 39 genotypes representative of key steps during tetraploid wheat domestication, and grew them in a common garden experiment. We quantified the vegetative phenotype of each genotype through the measurements of 13 functional traits related to root, leaf and whole-plant dimensions. 3. In modern cultivars, compared to ancestral forms, leaf longevity was shorter while net photosynthetic rate, leaf production rate and nitrogen content were higher. Modern cultivars had a shallower root system and exhibited a larger proportion of fine roots, preferring to invest biomass above rather than below ground. We found ancestral forms to be integrated phenotypes characterized by coordination between above- and below-ground functioning. Conversely, in modern forms, human selection appeared to have broken this coordination and to have generated a new type of network of trait covariations. 4. Synthesis and applications. The examination of leaf, root, and whole-plant traits of wheat accessions indicated a strong shift in plant functional strategies over the course of domestication. Elite genotypes tended to better optimize resource-use acquisition strategies than ancestral ones. The characterization of the crop phenotype based on vegetative traits thus suggests a much more complete domestication syndrome. Our findings highlight the benefits of using a functional trait-based characterization of crop phenotypes to document the extent of domestication syndrome and to further advance the agroecological management of cereals.10-Oct-2017
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