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705 results for “Plant response”
Plant Responses to the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long Term Experiment (SALTEx) from 2013 to 2017
This study was conducted in a tidal freshwater marsh (31°20’16” N, 81°27’52” W) on the Altamaha River, GA. Each plot was defined by a 2.5 m x 2.5 m polycon frame, inserted 12 cm into the soil. The frames had drain holes in the sides above the soil surface that were plugged when plots were watered but open otherwise to allow tidal exchange. The plots were randomly assigned to five treatments. Plots were monitored without imposing any treatments in 2013. Treatments started on April 14, 2014. Plots receive diluted saltwater (press and pulse of saline water treatments, n=6), freshwater (freshwater addition treatment, n=6), or no water additions (control with frame and control treatments, n=6 and 7, respectively). The press plots received additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water four times each week. Pulse plots received the same mixture but only for 8 weeks in September and October. The freshwater treatment plots received additions of fresh river water four times each week. To document treatment effects on the plant community, we measured stem height, photosynthesis, and percent cover of plants, and blocking of light by the vegetation. We used the same 0.75 m x 0.75 m subplot inside each plot for plant measurements, and took the measurements 3 – 6 times during each growing season from 2013 to 2017. We measured height of all stems of Zizaniopsis miliacea and Persicaria hydropiperoides, and all leaves of Pontederia cordata. In each plot, we chose the tallest individual of those three species and measured their photosynthetic rates using LCi photosynthesis System (ADC BioScientific Ltd, Hoddesdon, UK). Around the same dates, we also visually estimated the percent cover of Ludwigia repens, Persicaria hydropiperoides, Pontederia cordata, and Zizaniopsis miliacea in the entire 2.5 m x 2.5 m plot. We summed the stem heights by species as a first approximation of species biomass. We measured the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above top and underneath
Plant community responses to functional group and species removals along biodiversity experiment vegetation transects at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1997-2002
This dataset contains vegetative cover data of plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. Following treatments, vegetative data was collected by sampling each plot along three transects twice a year (Spring and Fall) for 5 years from 1997-2002 (no data collected in 1998). This data set consists of the date of collection, plot number, treatment type, transect number, quadrat number, species codes, two diameters, height, condition, count, record IDs, and error codes. This study is complete.
Species diversity and plant dominance influence grassland stability in response to extreme climatic events and anthropogenic drivers across three LTER sites: Cedar Creek, Konza Prairie, and Kellogg Biological Station, 1982-2023.
The data in this package is associated with the analysis for a manuscript titled "Multiple community properties drive ecosystem resistance and resilience to extreme climate events across mesic grasslands". The files include compiled data on plant biomass production, species abundance, experimental treatments, extreme climate event values, and calculated diversity and stability measures from grassland plots in experiments at CDR, KBS, and KNZ LTER sites.
Plant species-level responses to functional group and species removals in biodiversity experiment plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1999
This dataset contains individual species size data in vegetation plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. In 1999, this pilot study attempted to assess individual species responses of representative individuals in these treatments. Ten randomly selected individuals of eight plant species were measured in each experimental plot, and this dataset reports volumetric data (diameters and height) for each. The study was designed as an individual-based complement to the transect data in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210121001 but was not continued past 1999. This dataset is complete.
Data in support of 'Mechanistic insights into plant community responses to environmental variables: genome size, cellular nutrient investments, and metabolic trade-offs.'
Data was collected to examine whether and how the plant genome size (GS) influences traits (stomata size, stomata density, cellular and tissue level carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents) and metabolic-tradeoffs (of photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, water-use, efficiency) of plants in treatment plots in which nothing, N, P, or NP had been annually added. Data was collected from ~500 plants from seven grassland sites that are all part of the Nutrient Network (https://nutnet.org), a globally distributed experiment in which plots have different nutrient amendment treatments that are administered identically to allow cross-site comparisons of the effects of nutrients on biodiversity patterning. The sites chosen varied along a North-South latitude, longitude, mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient.
Mesocosm experiment on fresh marsh plant community responses to salinity pulses in 2014 and 2015
We established mesocosm communities using seven freshwater species (Zizaniopsis miliacea, Pontederia cordata, Persicaria hydropiperoides, Peltandra virginica, Ludwigia peploides, Sagittaria lancifolia and Eleocharis palustris) collected in the same freshwater marsh (31°20’16”N, 81°27’52”W) between Apr 19th and Apr 22nd, 2014, and the sediments were collected from a freshwater pond (31°23'54"N, 81°16'47"W) on Sapelo Island, GA at the same time. Our experimental unit was a plastic round swimming pool (h = 18 cm, r = 122 cm) filled to the top with homogenized sediments. Each unit consisted of 2 individuals of Zizaniopsis, Pontederia, Peltandra and Sagittaria, 5 – 8 Persicaria and Ludwigia separately. Eleocharis was mixed up with other species, so there were uneven numbers in each unit. From May 22 to August 19, 2014, the mesocosm communities were treated with three salinity levels (3, 5, and 10 psu: practical salinity units) and five exposure durations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days per month), relative to a freshwater control (n=3 per treatment combination). Except for 30 days treatment which equals saline press treatment, plants were watered with daily freshwater after treated with saline water for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Different salinities were achieved by mixing tap water with sea water. We simulated tides during the treatment, by watering the plants every morning and then pumping out the excess water through a 6-in (15 cm) slotted well (constructed of PVC pipe) in the afternoon. From August 20, 2014 to June 30, 2015, all mesocosm communities were flushed with fresh tap water to recover.
warmXtrophic: plant community responses to the individual and interactive effects of climate warming and herbivory across multiple years at Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research Sites (KBS LTER), Michigan, USA, and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS), Michigan, USA.
Climate change has both direct and indirect effects on ecological communities. Whereas most climate change ecology experiments manipulate abiotic drivers to measure direct effects of climate on species or communities, fewer quantify the indirect effects through biotic interactions, especially over multiple sites and years. In this factorial experiment we manipulate temperature through open-top chambers, and the level of insect herbivory through insecticide. At two early successional field sites separated by 3 degrees of latitude and 3°C of mean annual temperature (University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI and Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI), 6 replicate 1-m2 plots per treatment were installed in May 2015. 12 plots per site are at ambient temperature, 12 are warmed with year-round non-UV filtering polycarbonate and wood frame construction OTCs for tall-stature plants (Welshofer et al. 2018 MEE). Insecticide reduces insect herbivory in half the plots (Welshofer et al. 2018 Oecologia). Over the course of the experiment, OTCs warmed the plant communities by 1.9°C-3.0°C on average over the growing season. Each year, through 2021, plant traits and community responses were measured at the species level: plant phenology (green-up, flowering, flowering duration, seed set); plant percent cover (aerial % cover of the 1m2 plot); plant traits (specific leaf area, C and N content), herbivory damage to leaves, and plant species biomass (only in 2021). Further methodological details are found within each response variable metadata. This experiment is ongoing and further data package updates are planned. L0 data is available upon request. R scripts can be found here: https://github.com/SpaCE-Lab-MSU/warmXtrophic. The biotic and abiotic community context and relative strengths of direct vs. indirect effects may yield ecological surprises under climate change unless addressed together. Large-scale experiments like this one can improve our ability to unde
Plant Community and Ecosystem Responses to Long-term Fertilization & Disturbance at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1989 to 2019)
Dataset AbstractThis work is part of the long-term sampling and monitoring of successional dynamics in abandoned fields – and responses to N-fertilization. Data from this research has been, and will continue to, contribute to LTER cross-site analysis of plant community dynamics, diversity-productivity, and responses to fertilization and disturbance.N-fertilized and tilled (disturbed) microplots are located in the NW corner of all treatment 7 (early successional communities) on the LTER main site. Experimental treatments are: 1) Nitrogen addition vs. no nitrogen addition and 2) Annual disturbance vs. undisturbedoriginal data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/60
NGE01 Chronic Addition of Nitrogen Gradient Experiment (ChANGE): Assessing threshold responses of plant community composition and ecosystem processes at Konza Prairie
Chronic nutrient additions can lead to drastic shifts in the plant community through time, both within tallgrass prairie in other grassland ecosystems worldwide. Nutrient addition experiments have answered many questions about patterns of diversity loss and community shifts; however, the level of nutrients which must be added to cause community shifts is unknown. To date, all nitrogen (N) addition experiments at Konza have added 10 g m-2 (e.g., NutNet Plots; Phosphorus (P) Plots; Belowground Plots), yet current rates of N deposition are one-tenth of that level. Even predicted rates of future N deposition in grasslands are not expected to exceed 5 g m-2 by the year 2050 and will likely be around 2 g m-2 for most of the US. This mismatch begs the question will 10 g/m2 affect grasslands the same way 2 or 5 g m-2 will? There are two main goals for this long-term experiment (1) to identify the nutrient threshold needed to drive plant community change with nutrient additions, and (2) to determine what factors underlie those threshold responses (build up of nutrients, mycorrhizal loss, invertebrate herbivory). Konza ChANGE is part of a multi-site experiment spanning grasslands on two different continents: North America – tallgrass prairie (KNZ) and shortgrass steppe (SGS), and China – three sites in Inner Mongolia. By including multiple grasslands, we expand our ability to make generalizations about how grasslands are affected by N additions, and whether thresholds, if they exist, vary with precipitation, natural nutrient availability, and species identity/composition. Research Questions: (1) Do ecosystems have N tolerance thresholds above which community composition will change, and does that differ between grassland types (i.e. mesic and xeric grasslands)? (2) Does adding a large amount of nutrients in one season result in an equivalent community change as adding a small amount over multiple years? (For example does 5 g m-2 for 6 years create the same community change as
Pot experiment on fresh and brackish marsh plants responses to salinity pulses in summer 2013
We collected 35 individuals of three freshwater species (Zizaniopsis miliacea, Pontederia cordata, Polygonum hydropiperoides) and brackish species (Juncus roemerianus, Schoenoplectus americanus, and Spartina cynosuroides) from the tidal marshes of the Altamaha River estuary, Georgia, USA (31.4° N, 81.4° W). Plants were collected on March 9 - March 11, 2013, and were potted individually in 12 L pots in sediments collected from the same location as plants. Individual potted plants were placed inside dish pans with drain holes at mid-pot height. For salinity treatments, plants were watered once a day with saline water (5 psu: practical salinity units, created using Instant Ocean Sea Salt, Aquarium System Inc., Mentor, OH, USA) for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 31 days per month, and then returned to freshwater. For the control treatment, plants were watered with freshwater daily. Treatments were ran from May 26 to August 28, 2013, and stem height of each plant was measured once a month. The experiment was harvested on August 28, 2013. Individual plants were separated into aboveground and belowground biomass, washed to remove soil, and dried at 60 °C to constant mass.
CMY01 Mycorrhizal colonization and plant community responses to long-term suppression of Mycorrhizal Fungi
Twenty replicate permanent 2x2 m plots were established in early 1991 along a randomly located transect, with a 2m space between each plot, on the following watersheds: 1B, 1D, annually burned HQB, 10B, 20D and infrequently burned HQB. Ten of the plots were randomly assigned as long-term mycorrhizal suppression plots. In each of these plots, AM fungi were suppressed by the application of the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench (7.5 liters per plot) at the rate of 1.25 g/m2 (active ingredient). The mycorrhizal suppression plots were treated biweekly throughout each growing season (April through October) beginning in 1991. The control plots each received no fungicide, but an equivalent volume of water (7.5 liters) was applied biweekly. To evaluate the effectiveness of the fungicide, three soil cores (2.5 cm diameter x 14 cm deep) were removed from both fungicide-treated and control plots each October throughout the study. Roots were extracted from the soil, washed free of soil, stained in trypan blue (Phillips and Hayman, 1970), and examined microscopically to assess percentage root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi using a Petri dish scored in 1-cm squares (Daniels et al.1981).
Brachypodium distachyon images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE et al.
<p>Brachypodium distachyon images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE, Anthony FRATAMICO, Frédéric BOUCHÉ, Samuel HUERGA-FERNÁNDEZ, Pierre TOCQUIN, Claire PÉRILLEUX</p>
Euphorbia peplus images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE et al.
<p>Euphorbia peplus images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE, Anthony FRATAMICO, Frédéric BOUCHÉ, Samuel HUERGA-FERNÁNDEZ, Pierre TOCQUIN, Claire PÉRILLEUX</p>
Arabidopsis thaliana images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE et al.
<p><em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE, Anthony FRATAMICO, Frédéric BOUCHÉ, Samuel HUERGA-FERNÁNDEZ, Pierre TOCQUIN, Claire PÉRILLEUX</p>
Oryza sativa images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE et al.
<p><em>Oryza sativa</em> images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE, Anthony FRATAMICO, Frédéric BOUCHÉ, Samuel HUERGA-FERNÁNDEZ, Pierre TOCQUIN, Claire PÉRILLEUX</p>
Solanum lycopersicum images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE et al.
<p><em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE, Anthony FRATAMICO, Frédéric BOUCHÉ, Samuel HUERGA-FERNÁNDEZ, Pierre TOCQUIN, Claire PÉRILLEUX</p>
Ocimum basilicum images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE et al.
<p><em>Ocimum basilicum</em> images used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE, Anthony FRATAMICO, Frédéric BOUCHÉ, Samuel HUERGA-FERNÁNDEZ, Pierre TOCQUIN, Claire PÉRILLEUX</p>
dataset: Responses of the structure and function of the understory plant communities to precipitation reduction across forest ecosystems in Germany
<p><strong>Context</strong>: Understory plant communities play a central role in forest biogeochemistry and the recruitment of trees making up the future forest. It is so far poorly understood how climate change will affect understory structure and functions in forest of different management intensity.</p> <p> </p><p><strong>Aims</strong>: We monitored understory functional traits including transpiration and carbon isotope discrimination, community structure and diversity during two growing seasons as affected by drought in forests subjected to different management intensities. We hypothesized that drought would affect ecophysiological traits such as transpiration but not species richness and diversity. Moreover, we assumed that stand-specific characteristics and forest management intensity modify the drought-resistance of the understory community.</p> <p></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We set up roofs in beech and conifer stands with different management intensity in three different regions across Germany and a drought event close to the 2003 drought was imposed in two consecutive years.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Precipitation reduction decreased soil water content by 2 to 8%, depending on stand and region, in comparison to the control subplots. In the first year, leaf level transpiration was reduced for different functional groups, which scaled to community transpiration modified by additional effects of drought on functional group specific leaf area. Acclimation effects in most functional groups were observed in the second year. We did not observe a significant reduction of plant diversity or a consistent management effect upon drought.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our results indicate high plasticity and acclimation responses of the forest understory vegetation to changing climate conditions and recurrent drought events.</p> <p><strong>Abbreviations:</strong></p> <p>sp12 - campaign spring 2012; ls12 - campaign late summer 2012; es13 - campaign early summer 2013; ls13-campaign late summer 2013</p> <p>SEW16 - Schorfheide plot 16; SEW49 - Schorfheide plot 49; SEW48 - Schorfheide plot 48;HEW03 - Hainich plot 03; HEW12 - Hainich plot 12; HEW47- Hainich plot 47; AEW13 - Alb plot 13; AEW29 - Alb plot 29; AEW08 - Alb plot 08<br> explo - exploratory<br> SEW - Schorfheide; HEW - Hainich; AEW - Schwäbische Alb<br> in - conifer intensive managed; ma - beech managed; un - beech unmanaged<br> c- control; r - roof<br> LAIs - community leaf area index m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>; H - Shannon´s diversity index; Ts - community transpiration rate (weighted by LAI) mmol H<sub>2</sub>O m-<sup>2</sup> leaf area s-<sup>1</sup>; Ets - Evapotranspiration (mmol/m2/sec); E - Evaporation (mmol/m2/sec); C - leaf photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination (∆<sup>13</sup>C) according to Farquhar et al. (1982); Cs - community photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination (∆<sup>13</sup>C) according to Farquhar et al. (1982) (weighted by LAI)</p> <p> </p>
Long-term response of wetland plant communities to management intensity, grazing abandonment, and prescribed fire
Isolated, seasonal wetlands within agricultural landscapes are important ecosystems. However, they are currently experiencing direct and indirect effects of agricultural management surrounding them. Because wetlands provide important ecosystem services, it is crucial to determine how these factors affect ecological communities. Here, we studied the long-term effects of land use intensification, cattle grazing, prescribed fires, and their interactions on wetland plant diversity, community dynamics, and functional diversity. To do this, we used vegetation and trait data from a 14-year-old experiment on 40 seasonal wetlands located within semi-natural and intensively managed pastures in Florida. These wetlands were allocated different grazing and prescribed fire treatments (grazed vs. ungrazed; burned vs. unburned). Our results showed that wetlands within intensively managed pastures have lower native plant diversity, floristic quality, evenness, higher non-native species diversity, and exhibited the most resource-acquisitive traits. Wetlands embedded in intensively managed pastures were also characterized by lower species turnover over time. We found that 14 years of cattle exclusion reduced species diversity in both pasture management intensities and had no effect on floristic quality. Fenced wetlands exhibited lower functional diversity and experienced a higher rate of community change both due to an increase in tall, clonal, and palatable grasses. The effects of prescribed fires were often dependent on grazing treatment. For instance, prescribed fires increased functional diversity in fenced wetlands but not in grazed wetlands. Our study suggests that cattle exclusion and prescribed fires are not enough to restore wetlands in intensively managed pastures and further highlights the importance of not converting semi-natural pastures to intensively managed pastures. Our study also suggests that grazing levels applied in semi-natural pastures maintained high plant dive
Genome size influences plant growth and biodiversity responses to nutrient fertilization in diverse grassland communities
Experiments comparing diploids with polyploids and in single grassland sites show that nitrogen and/or phosphorus availability influences plant growth and community composition dependent on genome size; specifically plants with larger genomes grow faster under nutrient enrichments relative to those with smaller genomes. However, it is unknown if these effects are specific to particular site localities with speciifc plant assemblages, climates, and historical contingencies. To determine the generality of genome size dependent growth responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisation, we combined genome size and species abundance data from 27 coordinated grassland nutrient addition experiments in the Nutrient Network that occur in the Northern Hemisphere across a range of climates and grassland communities. We found that after nitrogen treatment, species with larger genomes generally increased more in cover compared to those with smaller genomes, potentially due to a release from nutrient limitation. Responses were strongest for C3 grasses and in less seasonal, low precipitation environments, indicating that genome size effects on water-use-efficiency modulates genome size-nutrient interactions. Cumulatively the data suggest that genome size is informative and improves predictions of species’ success in grassland communities.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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