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13 results for “Platichthys”
Bulk Carbon and Amino Acid nitrogen isotope data from Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) and European flounder (Platichthys flesus) muscle tissue samples from the western and central Baltic Sea
<p><span>Eutrophication, increased temperatures and stratification can lead <span>to massive, filamentous, N<sub>2</sub>-fixing cyanobacterial (FNC) blooms in coastal ecosystems with largely unresolved consequences for the mass and energy supply in pelagic and benthic food webs. Mesozooplankton adapt to not top-down controlled FNC blooms by switching diets from phytoplankton to microzooplankton, resulting in a directly quantifiable increase in its trophic position (TP) from 2.0 (herbivore) to as high as 3.0 (carnivore). If this process in mesozooplankton, we call trophic lengthening, was transferred up to higher trophic levels of a food web, a large loss of energy could result in massive declines of fish biomass. </span></span><span>We used compound-specific nitrogen stable isotope data of amino acids (CSIA) to estimate and compare </span><span>the nitrogen (N) sources and TPs of cod and flounder (mesopredators) from areas</span><span> </span><span>with influence of FNC blooms (central Baltic Sea) and without it (western Baltic Sea)</span><span>. We tested if FNC-caused </span><span>trophic lengthening in mesozooplankton is carried over to fish.</span><span> The TP of cod from the western Baltic, feeding mainly on decapods, was equal to the global mean value (4.1, secondary carnivore). Only cod from the central Baltic, mainly feeding on zooplanktivorous pelagics, had a higher TP (4.8, near-tertiary carnivore), indicating a strong carry-over effect of </span><span>FNC-</span><span>caused trophic lengthening from mesozooplankton. In contrast, the TP of molluscivorous flounder (3.2 ± 0.2 in both areas), associated with the benthic food web, was unaffected by trophic lengthening. This suggests that FNC blooms cause a large loss of energy in zooplanktivorous but not in molluscivorous mesopredators. If FNC blooms continue to detour energy at the base of the pelagic food web, the TP of cod will not return to global mean values and the fish stock not recover. Monitoring the TP of key species can identify fundamental changes in ecosystems and provide useful information for resource management.</span></p>
Bulk Carbon and Amino Acid nitrogen isotope data from Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) and European flounder (Platichthys flesus) muscle tissue samples from the western and central Baltic Sea
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FIGURES 59–62 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae
FIGURES 59–62. Platichthys krammeri sp. nov. compared to Nitzschia sp. SEM. 59. External/internal valve view, the two broken valves of a frustules displaying valve cavity with range of fibulae (above); raphe slit outside (below) running parallel to the marginal crest; note transapical waves and the external central raphe endings—central nodule (arrow). 60. Internal view of areolae structure and fibulae. 61, 62. Nitzschia sp. from section Lineares for comparison, specimens associated in the same preparation. Main distinguishing feature vs. Platichthys gen. nov. is differentiation between valve faces and mantles with a consequently more or less rectangular cross-section.
FIGURES 54–58 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae
FIGURES 54–58. Platichthys krammeri sp. nov. SEM. 54. Broken valve showing external and internal valve views, specimen with strongly lacerated surface, with copulae of both valves lying between ruptured, collapsed valves. 55. External view of two frustules after cell division. 56–58. External view from keel-shaped edge towards ventral valve margin and copulae. 56. Note course of the raphe. 57. Note raphe below and parallel to ridge of the keel. 58. Close up of an intact valve with copulae.
FIGURES 1–21 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae
FIGURES 1–21. Platichthys darwiniana sp. nov. 1–18. LM. Diminution size series of P. darwiniana sp. nov. frustules and valves, all in valve view taken from the holotype slide. 6. Holotype specimen. 19–21. SEM. 19–20. External view of the complete frustules, note the valvocopula perforated with multiple rows of fine puncta (arrow in Fig. 19). 21. External view of the valve with slight constriction in the middle showing the striae composed of very fine areolae (arrow) and particularly well developed hyaline valve mantle.
FIGURES 22–26 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae
FIGURES 22–26. Platichthys darwiniana sp. nov. 22–24 SEM. 25, 26. TEM. 22. Valve view from the keel side of the specimen illustrated in Fig. 21 (strongly tilted). Note the position of the raphe bearing keel and the central nodule (arrow). 23. Specimen showing the compression of the valve and the raphe branches with distinct central nodule (arrow). 24. General view of the valve positioned on the raphe bearing canal. 25, 26. Valve of a specimen showing a position of the fibulae below the raphe bearing canal (arrowheads) and the transapical striae composed of oblong areolae (white arrow). Note the presence of narrow hyaline valve mantle (black arrow in Fig. 26) and of the hyaline raphe bearing canal (white arrow in Fig. 26). Fig. 26 is a close up of a specimen illustrated in Fig. 25.
FIGURES 39–53 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae
FIGURES 39–53. Platichthys krammeri sp. nov. 39–49. LM. Valve view, frustules in various position with different focus. Note in particular diffuse prolongation of fibulae into the valve transapically. 50–53. SEM. 50. External valve view. 51, 52. External view of valve end. Holotype specimen in straight and marginal view. Note copulae of epitheca and shallow valves lacking distinction between faces and mantles. 53. External valve view of specimen with slightly lacerated surface.
FIGURES 27–32 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae
FIGURES 27–32. Platichthys darwiniana sp. nov. SEM. 27. Valve apex showing strongly bent raphe apical ending (arrow). 28. View of an apical valve part with small groove formed by the strongly bent raphe end (arrowhead) which is not visible. 29. Apical part of the frustule showing strongly bent raphe end (arrowhead). 30–32. Internal view of a broken valve. 30. Internal view showing the compression of the valve (marked by the small arrowheads) and narrow hyaline mantle (arrow). 31, 32. Close up of the broken valve, note the striae forming areolae positioned in shallow grooves (arrowhead in Fig. 32).
FIGURES 33–38 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae
FIGURES 33–38. SEM. Platichthys darwiniana sp. nov. 33, 34. Internal valve view of the same specimen at different tilting degree, note the position of fibulae (black arrow) and the internal central raphe endings (white arrow). 35. Broken valve showing the position of the fibulae (arrow), note the transapical striae merging into the particular fibulae. 36. Close up of the specimen illustrated in Fig. 34 with an internal view of the central valve part, note the distant position of the two central fibulae (arrowheads) and the central nodule (arrow). 37. Central part of the valve interior with close up of the central nodule with double helictoglossa (arrowhead) and the presence of portulae (white arrow). 38. Apical part of the valve interior, note the presence of simple helictoglossa (arrowhead) and the portulae (white arrow).
Data from: Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes): a new flounder species from the Baltic Sea
The European flounders Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) displays two contrasting reproductive behaviors in the Baltic Sea: offshore spawning of pelagic eggs and coastal spawning of demersal eggs, a behavior observed exclusively in the Baltic Sea. Previous studies showed marked differences in behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits of flounders with pelagic and demersal eggs. Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated that flounders with pelagic and demersal eggs represent two reproductively isolated, parapatric species arising from two distinct colonization events from the same ancestral population. Using morphological data we first established that the syntypes on which the original description of P. flesus was based belong the pelagic-spawning lineage. We then used a combination of morphological and physiological characters as well as genome-wide genetic data to describe flounders with demersal eggs as a new species: Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. The new species can be clearly distinguished from P. flesus based on egg morphology, egg and sperm physiology as well as via population genetic and phylogenetic analyses. While the two species do show some minor morphological differences in the number of anal and dorsal fin rays, no external morphological feature can be used to unambiguously identify individuals to species. Therefore, we developed a simple molecular diagnostic test able to unambiguously distinguish P. solemdali from P. flesus with a single PCR reaction, a tool that should be useful to fishery scientists and managers, as well as to ecologist studying these species.
Data from: Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes): a new flounder species from the Baltic Sea
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Data from: Cryptic temporal changes in stock composition explain the decline of a flounder (Platichthys spp.) assemblage
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The transcriptomic analysis of four tissues in growth and reproductive axes of Starry Flounder (Platichthys stellatus)
GEO Series GSE134696. Platichthys stellatus. 16 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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