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FIGURE 5 in The first fossil skull of Chelus (Pleurodira: Chelidae, Matamata turtle) from the early Miocene of Colombia

FIGURE 5. Comparison between height of the endocranium at the anterior (h1) and posterior (h2) end of the basisphenoid for three extant Chelus fimbriata specimens (black dots) vs the fossil Chelus sp. described here (red dot).

FIGURE 4 in The first fossil skull of Chelus (Pleurodira: Chelidae, Matamata turtle) from the early Miocene of Colombia

FIGURE 4. CT images of Chelus sp. and the extant C. fimbriata in sagittal view. These figures show the difference in the height of the endocranium between the fossil skull described here and juveniles and adults of the extant representative of Chelus; all cuts are located at the midline of the skull. 1, Chelus sp. MUN-STRI-dbid 38473 (adult); 2, C. fimbriata SM 37178 (adult); 3, C. fimbriata UMA R-1376 (hatchling-juvenile?); 4, C. fimbriata SM 57977 (juvenile). The basisphenoid bone is delimited by light blue color.

FIGURE 2 in The first fossil skull of Chelus (Pleurodira: Chelidae, Matamata turtle) from the early Miocene of Colombia

FIGURE 2. Skulls of Chelus fimbriata SM 37178 and Chelus sp. UNT-STRI-dbid 38473. Photographs and interpretative drawings. Chelus fimbriata SM 37178. 1-2, dorsal view; 3-4, ventral view; 5-6, posterior view. Chelus sp. MUNSTRI-dbid 38473 fossil from Castilletes Formation, Colombia. 7-8, dorsal view; 9-10, ventral view; 11-12, right lateral view; 13-14, posterior view. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; ex, exoccipital; fjp, foramen jugulare posterius; fm, foramen magnum; fn, foramen nervi hypoglossi, fp, fenestra postotica; fpcci, foramen posterior canalis caroticus cerebralis; fpp, foramen palatinum posterior; fr, frontal; fst, foramen stapedio temporalis; fts, fossa temporalis superior; ju, jugal; mx, maxilla; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pf, prefrontal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pr, prootic; pt, pterygoid; qu, quadrate; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; vo, vomer. Dotted line in 2 indicates sulci of skull scutes. Light grey areas in 8 indicate preservation of the dorsalmost surface of the bones. Scale bar applies for all figures.

FIGURE 3 in The first fossil skull of Chelus (Pleurodira: Chelidae, Matamata turtle) from the early Miocene of Colombia

FIGURE 3. CT images of Chelus sp. MUN-STRI-dbid 38473. 1, skull in dorsal view, arrows indicate the position of the cuts shown in 4-7. 2, horizontal cut on the lower portion of the skull, anterior to the foramen magnum. 3, horizontal cut at the level of the widest portion of the skull. 4, sagittal cut on the left portion of the skull. 5, sagittal cut at the midline of the skull. 6, coronal cut very close to the level of the basisphenoid-basioccipital contact. 7, coronal cut on the anterior portion of the skull. Abbreviations are as in Figure 2, plus apb (anterior process of basisphenoid).

FIGURE 1 in The first fossil skull of Chelus (Pleurodira: Chelidae, Matamata turtle) from the early Miocene of Colombia

FIGURE 1. Geographical and stratigraphical occurrence of Chelus sp. MUN-STRIdbid 38473. 1, map of the northernmost portion of South America, showing the location of Castilletes, on the Guajira Peninsula of Colombia. 2, stratigraphic column for the lower segment of the Castilletes Formation, Kaitamana section, including the horizon where Chelus sp. MUN-STRI-dbid 38473 was found, redrawn from Moreno et al. (2015). 3, landscape photograph of the locality where Chelus sp. MUN-STRI-dbid 38473 was found. 4, complete skeleton of Chelus fimbriata NMW 1859, orange shadowed area in the skull, represents the area preserved in the fossil Chelus sp. MUN-STRI-dbid 38473, down is the anterior view of the head of Ch. fimbriata (photo credit, Stuart Hamilton).

FIGURE 9 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 9. Reconstruction of the dorsal and ventral views of the shells of the three Podocnemididae species studied here, Eocenochelus lacombianus sp. nov. (1–2), Eocenochelus eremberti comb. nov. (3–4), and Eocenochelus farresi sp. nov. (5–6), compared to those of the extant Malagasy Erymnochelys madagascariensis (7–8), and the European Eocene Neochelys liriae (9–10).

FIGURE 8 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 8. Shell of the holotype of Eocenochelus farresi sp. nov., MGSB 74.641-GLV.T.45, from the upper Eocene (Priabonian) of Can Beuloví (Sobremunt, Barcelona, Spain), in dorsal (1–2) and ventral (3–4) views. Abbreviations: AB, abdominal scute; AN, anal scute; c, costal; en, entoplastron; ep, epiplastron; FE, femoral scute; GU, gular scute; hp, hypoplastron; HU, humeral scute; hy, hyoplastron; IG, intergular scute; M, marginal scute; ms, mesoplastron; n, neural; p, peripheral; PC, pectoral scute; PL, pleural scute; py, pygal; V, vertebral scute; xi, xiphiplastron.

FIGURE 4 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 4. Some elements of the carapace of the holotype of Eocenochelus eremberti comb. nov., MNHN.F CGR 101, from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Yvelines, Île-de-France, France). 1–2, plates of the carapace, in dorsal and ventral views. 3–4, reconstruction of the dorsal view of the shell, showing the position of all these elements of the carapace. 4–6, details of the outer surface of some plates of the carapace: the second left peripheral (4), the distal region of the sixth right costal (5), and the proximal region of the fourth left costal (6). Abbreviations: c, costal; M, marginal scute; n, neural; p, peripheral; PL, pleural scute; py, pygal; V, vertebral scute.

FIGURE 1 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 1. Stratigraphic and paleobiogeographical distributions of the currently accepted members of Erymnochelyinae, including the European taxa described here, i.e., the representatives of the new genus Eocenochelus, belonging to the Erymnochelys group. The shell and skull symbols accompanying the name of each taxon indicate which of these elements are known. The star indicates continental Stereogenyina, and the pentagon indicates continental or littoral Stereogenyina.

FIGURE 3 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 3. Skull of the holotype of Eocenochelus eremberti comb. nov., MNHN.F CGR 101, from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Yvelines, Île-de-France, France), in dorsal (1–2), ventral (3–4) and right lateral (5–6) views. Abbreviations: ane, apertura narium externa; ang, angular; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; cm, condylus mandibularis; cpt, cavum pterygoidei; cv, cervical vertebra; den, dentary; ex, exoccipital; fct, foramen anterius chorda tympani; fo, fossa orbitalis; fpo, fenestra postotica; fpp, foramen palatinum posterius; fr, frontal; FR, frontal scute; fst, foramen stapedio-temporale; IP, interparietal scute; ju, jugal; MS, masseterian scute; mx, maxilla; MX, maxillary scute; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; PA, parietal scute; pal, palatine; pf, prefrontal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pr, prootic; pt, pterygoid; ptp processus trochlearis pterygoidei; pw, pterygoid wing; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; so, supraoccipital; SO, subocular scute.

FIGURE 7 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 7. Shell of the holotype of Eocenochelus lacombianus sp. nov., MNHN.F EBA 534, from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) of Soulane (Jonquières, Aude, France). 1–2, carapace, in dorsal view. 3–4, carapace, in ventral view. 5, reconstruction of the dorsal view of the shell, showing the position of the preserved elements of the carapace. 6–7, plastron, in ventral view. 8–9, plastron, in dorsal view. Abbreviations: AB, abdominal scute; AN, anal scute; c, costal; en, entoplastron; ep, epiplastron; FE, femoral scute; GU, gular scute; hp, hypoplastron; HU, humeral scute; hy, hyoplastron; IG, intergular scute; M, marginal scute; ms, mesoplastron; n, neural; nu, nuchal; p, peripheral; PC, pectoral scute; PL, pleural scute; py, pygal; V, vertebral scute; xi, xiphiplastron.

FIGURE 6 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 6. Fragmentary skeletal bones of the holotypes of Eocenochelus eremberti comb. nov., MNHN.F CGR 101, from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Yvelines, Île-de-France, France) (1–49), and Eocenochelus lacombianus sp. nov., MNHN.F EBA 534, from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) of Soulane (Jonquières, Aude, France) (50–57). 1–4, left hyoid horn, second branchial horn, in dorsal (1), medial (2), ventral (3) and lateral (4) views. 5–9, acromion of the right scapula with the partial glenoid articular region, in posterior (5), ventral (6), anterior (7) and dorsal (8) views, and articular part in ventrolateral view (9). 10–14, acromion of the left scapula with the partial glenoid articular region, in posterior (10), ventral (11), anterior (12) and dorsal (13) views, and proximal articular section (14). 15–19, left coracoid in dorsal (15), posteroventral (16), ventral (17) and anterior (18) views, and articular-glenoid facet part, in proximal view (19). 20–25, left ischium, in anterior (20), medial (21), posterior (22) and distal (23) views, and dorsal (24) and ventral (25) sections. 26–31, right ilium, in posterior (26), lateral (27), anterior (28) and medial (29) views, and dorsal (30) and ventral (31) sections. 32–37, left pubis, in anterior (32), medial (33), posterior (34) and lateral (35) views, proximal articular-acetabular region in dorsal view (36), and ventral section (37). 38–43, left humerus, in anterior (38), ventral (39), posterior (40) and dorsal (41) views, and proximal (42) and distal (43) sections. 44–49, right femur, in anterolateral (44), ventral (45), posteromedial (46) and dorsal (47) views, and proximal (48) and distal (49) sections. 50–53, right hemipelvis, in lateral (50), posterior (51), anterior (52) and medioventral (53) views. 54–57, left hemipelvis, in lateral (54), posterior (55), anterior (56) and medial (57) views.

FIGURE 2 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 2. Geographic locations of the type localities of the European Eocene representatives of the podocnemidid Eocenochelus gen. nov.: Soulane (Jonquières, Aude, France), type locality of the lower Eocene (Ypresian) Eocenochelus lacombianus sp. nov.; Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Yvelines, Île-de-France, France), type locality of the middle Eocene (Lutetian) Eocenochelus eremberti comb. nov.; Can Beuloví (Sobremunt, Barcelona, Spain), type locality of the upper Eocene (Priabonian) Eocenochelus farresi sp. nov.

FIGURE 5 in The Erymnochelys group of turtles (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) in the Eocene of Europe: New taxa and paleobiogeographical implications

FIGURE 5. Plastron of the holotype of Eocenochelus eremberti comb. nov., MNHN.F CGR 101, from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Yvelines, Île-de-France, France), in ventral (1–2) and dorsal (3–4) views. Abbreviations: AB, abdominal scute; AN, anal scute; en, entoplastron; ep, epiplastron; FE, femoral scute; GU, gular scute; hp, hypoplastron; HU, humeral scute; hy, hyoplastron; IG, intergular scute; M, marginal scute; ms, mesoplastron; PC, pectoral scute; xi, xiphiplastron.

Fig. 13 in New Material of North American Side-Necked Turtles (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae)

Fig. 13. Bothremys sp. FMNH PR 247. Ventral view of skull with maxilla-jugal fragment placed in its likely position. [F. Ippolito, del.].

Fig. 10 in New Material of North American Side-Necked Turtles (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae)

Fig. 10. Chedighaii sp. NCSM 23681. Right maxilla and jugal fragment. Jugal bone indicated by grey tone. A, B, lateral view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, ventromedial view; G, H, ventral view. [F. Ippolito, del.].

Fig. 6. Bothremydina indeterminate. NCSM 14227 in New Material of North American Side-Necked Turtles (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae)

Fig. 6. Bothremydina indeterminate. NCSM 14227, right otic chamber. Campanian Tar Heel Formation, Bladen County, North Carolina. A, ventral; B, anterior. [C. Facella, del.].

Fig. 5. Bothremydina indeterminate. NCSM 12766 in New Material of North American Side-Necked Turtles (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae)

Fig. 5. Bothremydina indeterminate. NCSM 12766, right otic chamber. Campanian Tar Heel Formation, Bladen County, North Carolina. A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, right lateral; D, anterior. [C. Facella, del.].

Fig. 11 in New Material of North American Side-Necked Turtles (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae)

Fig. 11. Bothremys sp. FMNH PR 247. Right maxilla and jugal fragment. A, dorsolateral (at right angle to plane of fragment); B, ventromedial (opposing side of orientation in A); C, ventral (oriented as it would appear in skull, as in fig. 12); D, posteromedial. [F. Ippolito, del.].

Fig. 14 in New Material of North American Side-Necked Turtles (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae)

Fig. 14. Bothremys sp. FMNH PR 247. Ventral view of skull with maxilla-jugal fragment placed in its likely position and reversed, placed on outline based on other Bothremys skulls (from Gaffney et al., 2006). [F. Ippolito, del.].