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Fig. 5 in New Records Of Yponomeutoid Moths (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Argyresthiidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae) From The Palaearctic Region

Fig. 5. Pseudoplutella porrectella: 1 — moth (habitus, dorsal); 2 — male genitalia (lateral view); 3 — aedeagus; 4 — bursa copulatrix.

Fig. 3 in New Records Of Yponomeutoid Moths (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Argyresthiidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae) From The Palaearctic Region

Fig. 3. Paradoxus osyridellus: 1 — moth (habitus, dorsal); 2 — male genitalia (ventral view); 3 — aedeagus; 4 — female genitalia; 5 — bursa copulatrix.

Fig. 2 in New Records Of Yponomeutoid Moths (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Argyresthiidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae) From The Palaearctic Region

Fig. 2. Argyresthia communana: 1 — forewing pattern; 2–4 — male genitalia (2 — ventral plate, 3 — valva, 4 — aedeagus); 5 — bursa copulatrix.

Fig. 1 in New Records Of Yponomeutoid Moths (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Argyresthiidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae) From The Palaearctic Region

Fig. 1. Argyresthia kurenzovi: 1 — forewing pattern; 2–4 — male genitalia (2 — ventral view, 3 — ventral plate, 4 — aedeagus); 5 — female genitalia; 6 — bursa copulatrix with signum.

Fig. 4 in New Records Of Yponomeutoid Moths (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Argyresthiidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae) From The Palaearctic Region

Fig. 4. Kessleria saxifragae: 1 — moth (habitus, dorsal); 2 — male genitalia (ventral view); 3 — aedeagus; 4 — female genitalia; 5 — bursa copulatrix.

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Figure 3 in Parasitism rate of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae in greenhouse by Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females at different densities

Figure 3. Progeny per Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) female with a density of one, three, six, nine, 12, 15 or 18 females of this parasitoid per Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) pupae.

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Figure 2 in Parasitism rate of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae in greenhouse by Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females at different densities

Figure 2. Total progeny of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) per pupa of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) with different densities of females of this parasitoid in semi-field conditions.

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Figure 1 in Bioactivity of aqueous extract of Jacaranda spp. (Bignoniaceae) on Plutella xylostella L. 1758 (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Figure 1. Food preference index effect of aqueous extracts of Jacaranda decurrens and J. mimosifolia at 10% on P. xylostella. Table 1. Larval duration (days), larval survival (%) and egg survival (%) of Plutella xylostella fed with aqueous extract of Jacaranda spp.

Fig. 5 in Effects of large temperature fluctuations on hatching and subsequent development of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 5. Pupa and adult traits (mean ± SE) afer different treatments. (A) Development time of pupae, (B) emergence rate, (C) adult longevity and (D) fecundity in the diamondback moth following emergence from eggs exposed to different fluctuating temperature ranges (25 ± 0, 25 ± 2, 25 ± 4, 25 ± 6, 25 ± 8 and 25 ± 10 °C). Different letters at the tops of columns indicate significant differences at P = 0.05.

Fig. 3 in Effects of large temperature fluctuations on hatching and subsequent development of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 3. Egg traits (mean ± SE) afer different treatments. (A) Development time of eggs and (B) hatching rate of diamondback moth under 6 different temperature regimens with the same mean temperature but different ranges of temperature fluctuations (25 ± 0, 25 ± 2, 25 ± 4, 25 ± 6, 25 ± 8 and 25 ± 10 °C). Different letters at the tops of the columns indicate significant differences at P = 0.05.

Fig. 2 in Effects of large temperature fluctuations on hatching and subsequent development of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 2. Target temperatures in experiments. Target temperatures with different ranges of temperature fluctuations around 25 °C in climate chambers for 3 consecutive days.

Fig. 4 in Effects of large temperature fluctuations on hatching and subsequent development of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 4. Traits of larvae (mean ±SE) hatched from eggs exposed to treatments involving the same mean temperature but various ranges of temperature fluctuations. (A) Development times of larvae, (B) pupation rates, (C) pre-pupal masses and (D) growth rates of larvae following emergence from eggs exposed to different fluctuating temperature ranges (25 ± 0, 25 ± 2, 25 ± 4, 25 ± 6, 25 ± 8 and 25 ± 10 °C). Different letters at the tops of columns indicate significant differences at P = 0.05.

Fig. 1 in Effects of large temperature fluctuations on hatching and subsequent development of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 1. Diurnal air temperature fluctuations in a cabbage field in the summer in Beijing. Temperature was recorded with a data logger placed close to the underside of leaves and placed 30–35 cm above the ground in the middle of a 2 ha cabbage field.

Fig. 7 in The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone on the feeding, development, and reproduction of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 7. The correlation between the concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone used for treatment and the mean number of eggs deposited on the treated seedlings. R represents the correlation coefficient; the symbol ** next to the coefficient indicates that the correlation between X and Y was significant at P <0.01.

Fig. 6 in The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone on the feeding, development, and reproduction of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 6. The morphological changes in diamondback moth larvae and a pupae caused by ingestion of exogenous dietary 20-hydroxyecdysone. a, Exosmosis of ecdysial fluid and an additional molt (15 ×); b, failure to shed the head capsule (30 ×); c, failure to shed the exuvium (20×); d, bulging of the hindgut (10 ×); and e, deformed pupa (10 ×).

Fig. 4 in The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone on the feeding, development, and reproduction of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 4. The correlation between the concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone in diet and mean weight gain in 4th instars of diamondback moth. W0–24 h, W0–48 h, and W24–48 h represent mean weight gain at 24 h, at 48 h, and from 24 h to 48 h afer treatment, respectively. R represents the coefficient; the symbols * and ** next to the coefficient indicate that the correlation between X and Y was significant at P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively.

Fig. 5 in The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone on the feeding, development, and reproduction of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 5. The correlation between the concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone in diet and mean weight of diamondback moth pupae. P1, P2, P3, and P4 represent mean weight of pupae developed from the treated 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars, respectively. R represents the coefficient; the symbol ** next to the coefficient indicates that the correlation between X and Y was significant at P <0.01.

Fig. 1 in The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone on the feeding, development, and reproduction of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 1. The arrangement of 20-hydroxyecdysone-treated radish seedlings in a cage. Digit 0 represents the control; digits 1–4 represent the radish seedlings treated with 0.050, 0.100, 0.200, and 0.400 mg/mL of 20E solutions in water, respectively.

Fig. 2 in The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone on the feeding, development, and reproduction of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 2. The correlation between the concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone in diet and mean food consumption by diamondback moth larvae for each instar. C1, C2, C3, and C4 represent mean food consumption of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars, respectively. R represents the coefficient; the symbols * and ** next to the coefficient indicate that the correlation between X and Y was significant at P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively.

Fig. 3 in The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone on the feeding, development, and reproduction of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fig. 3. The correlation between the concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone in diet and mean duration of each instar of diamondback moth larvae. D1, D2, D3, and D4 represent mean duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars, respectively. R represents the coefficient; the symbol ** next to the coefficient indicates that the correlation between X and Y was significant at P <0.01.