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FIGURES 1–3 in First records of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) in Italy

FIGURES 1–3. (1) Distribution of Pochazia shantungensis in Europe; (2–3) the first collecting site in Tuscany Region, Pistoia Province, Agliana municipality. Photo by Matteo Balderi. Red square—record in Baden-Württemberg remains without exact locality.

FIGURES 24–30 in First records of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) in Italy

FIGURES 24–30. Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977), female. (24) Pregenital sternite, ventral view; (25) anal tube, lateral view; (26) same, dorsal view; (27) gonoplac, lateral view; (28) gonapophysis VIII and endogonocoxal proccess, external view; (29) gonapophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge, lateral view; (30) bursa copulatrix and spermatheca.

FIGURES 4–12 in First records of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) in Italy

FIGURES 4–12. Adults and nymphs of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu 1977) on the plants in the first and the second site. (4–9) adults; (10–12) nymphs. Photo by Matteo Balderi and Daniele Marraccini.

FIGURES 13–23 in First records of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) in Italy

FIGURES 13–23. Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977), male. Pygofer, lateral view; (14) stylus, lateral view; (15) anal tube, lateral view; (16) same, dorsal view; (17, 19, 21, 23) phallic complex: (17) dorsal view, (19) ventral view, (21) lateral view, (23 ventro-lateral view; (18, 20, 22) aedeagus: (18) dorsal view, (20) ventral view, (22) lateral view.

FIGURE 16 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 16. Adults and nymph of Pochazia albomaculata. B, D: Courtesy of K. Nakatani; J–N: Male genitalia SK1039 | OMU153, Settsu-Minoo, Osaka; O–Q: Female genitalia SK1038 | OMU151, Takatsuki, Osaka. A Resting posture of adult, dorsal view, Sakai, Osaka, B Same, Suita, Osaka, C Same, Hachigamine, Sakai, Osaka, D Mature nymph, E Male Osaka OMU194, F Female OMU151, G Male Osaka, OMU192, H Female Wakayama, OMU178, I Male Nara, OMU154, J Whole genitalia, lateral view, K Phallic complex with aedeagus, lateral view, L Same, dorsal view, M Same, ventral view, N Spinose processes, latero-caudal view, O Left gonoplac, inner view, P Anal segment, dorsal view, Q Whole genitalia, lateral view. Abbreviations: A7: 7th abdominal segment; as: anal segment; dp: dorsal process; gs: genital style; gp: gonoplac; gVIII: gonapophysis VIII; lp: lateral process; pc: phallic complex; ps: pregenital sternite; pt: pregenital tergite; py: pygofer. Scale bars 5 mm (E, F), 2.5 mm (G–I), 1 mm (J–N), 500 μm (O–Q).

FIGURE 14 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 14. Fifth instar nymphs of Pochazia shantungensis. A–F: Daito, Osaka; G–J: Osaka Metro. Univ., Sakai, Osaka; K–N: Kumamoto, Kumamoto. A, B, K, L: Freshly shed nymph; C–J, M, N: Mature nymph. A, G, L, N Left lateral view, B, D, J, K Dorsal view, C, E, M Latero-dorsal view, F, H Wax and 6–9th abdominal segments with wax pore, caudal view. I Frontal view.

FIGURE 13 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 13. Eggs and nymphs of Pochazia shantungensis from Daito, Osaka. A Eggs in a branch of Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae), B First instar nymph, C Same, lateral view, D shed second instar nymph, E Third instar nymph, F Forth instar nymph. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B, D).

FIGURE 12 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 12. Biology of Pochazia shantungensis and its host plants from Sakai, Osaka. A–G, I: Hachigamine-ji; H, J–L: Osaka Metro. Univ. I–L: Host plant, Quercus acutissima. A Adults and egg masses on Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae), B Same, on Solidago altissima (Asteraceae), C Egg-laying female on Celtis sinensis (Cannabaceae), lateral view, D Same, wax filaments and female abdomen, E Egg mass on Acer palmatum (Sapindaceae), F old egg mass of on Ce. sinensis, lateral view, G Same, surface, H First instar nymphs on a leaf of Camellia japonica, I Third or fourth instar nymphs, J, K Fifth instar nymphs, L Emerged Adults. Arrows point to Adult or egg mass (A, B) and nymph (I).

FIGURE 11 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 11. Resting posture of adult Pochazia shantungensis. A–C: Hachigamine-ji, Sakai, Osaka; D: Osaka Metro. Univ., Sakai, Osaka; E: Keihanna Commemorative Park, Kyoto; F: Fukuyama, Hiroshima; G–I: Kumamoto, Kumamoto; J–L: Osaka Sangyo Univ., Daito, Osaka. A, F Body left side, B Dorsolateral view, C, G Dorsal view, D Body right side, E Caudal view with arboreal ant, Camponotus vitiosus Smith, 1874 (Formicidae) (Courtesy of Y. Inamoto), H Just emerged adult, right side, I Same, left side, J Freshly emerged adult, dorsal view, K Same, thorax, L Same adult after three days, dorsal view. Arrows point to ants.

FIGURE 9 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 9. Female genitalia of Pochazia shantungensis from Kumamoto, CS037-35. A Whole genitalia and abdominal segment, lateral view, B Right gonoplac, outer view, C Same, inner view, D Pregenital tergite, outer view, E Pregenital sternite, outer view, F Anal segment, dorsal view, G Gonapophyses IX, lateral view, H Right gonapophysis VIII, inner view, I Same dorsal view. Abbreviations: A7: 7th abdominal segment; as: anal segment; gp: gonoplac; gVIII: gonapophysis VIII; ps: pregenital sternite; pt: pregenital tergite. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 10 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Pochazia sublimata from Koshun, Taiwan, SK1028 | OMU111. A, B Anal segment, dorsal view, C Same, lateral view, D Damaged pygofer, E Dorsal part of pygofer, F Left genital style, inner view G Right genital style, inner view, H, I Phallic complex with aedeagus, dorsal view, J Same, lateral view, K Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: Dp: dorsal process; Lp: lateral process; Vp: ventral process. Scale bar 500 µm.

FIGURE 15 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 15. Body coloration and pattern of fifth instar nymphs of Pochazia shantungensis from Sakai, Osaka. A: OMU124; B, D–H, T: OMU120; C, I, J, L–O, S, U–X, Z: OMU121; K, P, Q, Y, α, β: OMU122. A whole body, dorsal view, B Head, front side, C Proboscis, outer view, D Left pronotum flat surface, E Right pronotum, F Left anterior wing pad and mesonotum, G Left posterior wing pad and metanotum, H Wart with 7 pits at base of left anterior wing pad, I Wing pads and meso- and meta-notum, flat surface, J Right fore femur, K Right mid femur, L Left hind tibia, M Apex of left hind tibia, N Right claw of fore pretarsus, O Right claw of mid pretarsus, P Apex of right hind tibia and first and second tarsal segments, Q Same, left one, R Right hind tarsus and pretarsus with claw, S Same, left one, T Left wax-pore plates of 6th abdominal segment, caudal view, U Right 2nd and 3rd wax-pore plates of A6, caudal view, V Wax-pore plates of 8th and 9th abdominal segments, caudal view, W Right waxpore plates of A9, X Right wax-pore plates of A8, Y 9th abdominal segment, ventral view, Z Same, left side, α Proboscis with stylets, outer view, β Same, apical half. Abbreviations: aw: anterior wing; meso: mesonotum; meta: metanotum; pro: pronotum; pw: posterior wing; sp: sensory pit. An asterisk indicates 1st wax-pore plate of A6.

FIGURE 8 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 8. Male genitalia of Pochazia shantungensis, from Kumamoto, CS024-53. A–C: Caudal view; D, G, J, M: Lateral view; E, H, K, N: Dorsal view; F, I, L: Ventral view. A Apex of phallobase, B Dorsal and ventral spinose processes, C Spinose processes and phallobase, D–F Phallic complex with aedeagus, G–I Phallobase, J–L Aedeagus, M Whole genitalia, N Anal segment. Abbreviations: aph: apex of phallobase; as: anal segment; gs: genital style; dp: dorsal process; lp: lateral process; pc: phallic complex; ph: phallobase; py: pygofer; vp: ventral process. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 7. Wing coloration and pattern of Pochazia shantungensis. A, C, E, G, H, I: Right tegmen (forewing); B, D, F: Right wing (hindwing). A–B Male CS024-52, C–D Female CS037-35, E, F Male SK1024 | OMU048, G Female SK1027 | OMU058, H Male SK1025 | OMU049, I Female SK1026 | OMU052. Abbreviations: ws: white spot. Scale bar 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 4. Head and thorax of Pochazia shantungensis. A–C: Head and thorax, dorsal view; D–F: Frons and clypeus. A, D Male OMU002, B, E Female OMU005, C, F Female OMU098. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Pochazia species. A Distribution of P. shantungensis and P. sublimata in eastern Asia. Stars indicate the type localities. Data based on Chou et al. (1985), Duan & Chen (2020), Liu et al. (2007), Xia et al. (2009), Zhao et al. (2010), Chen (2000), Mi et al. (2018), Rahman et al. (2012), Ishida et al. (2020), Kawakami (2022), Nakada (2022), Shichiri & Sakuma (2022), Ban (2023), Han (2023), Ito (2023), Osada (2023), Suenaga (2023), Takeuchi (2023), Yoshitsuru (2023), Nishikawa (2024), Kawai (2024), Kanasugi (2024) and recent fieldwork (brown color) and internet information (ochreous) in Japan. B Map of western Japan showing the locations of sites where P. shantungensis was observed. The black star indicates the first site where the species was collected (Kanan), a white one indicates the first documented site. Data based on the adult specimens examined in the present study (black circle) and recent fieldwork (white circle).

FIGURE 2 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 2. Habitats and host plants of Pochazia shantungensis in Sakai, Osaka. A Teaching farm, Osaka Metropolitan University, and host plants Acca sellowiana and Camellia sasanqua, B, C Same farm, with another host plant, Quercus acutissima, D Nakamozu, host plant Qu. glauca, E Izumi-tanaka, host plant Cinnamomum camphora, F Sakai Nature Forest, host plant Ilex serrata.

FIGURE 3 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 3. Adults of Pochazia shantungensis. A–H, J, K: Osaka Pref.; A–C, G–I: male; D–F, I–L: female. A OMU002 host: Acca sellowiana or Camellia sasanqua, Osaka Metro. Univ., B OMU045 host: Ailanthus altissima or near tree, Sakai nature forest, C OMU061 host: Ulmus parvifolia or Triadica sebifera or Celtis sinensis, Fukakita, D OMU005 host: Ac. sellowiana or Ca. sasanqua, Osaka Metro. Univ., E OMU041 host: Pueraria montana var. lobata, Sakai nature forest, F OMU066 host: U. parvifolia or T. sebifera or Ce. sinensis, Fukakita, G OMU138 host: Quercus acutissima, Osaka Metro. Univ., H OMU048 host: Ai. altissima or Ilex serrata, Sakai nature forest, I OMU132 host: Rubus fruticosus, Hashimoto, Wakayama Pref., J OMU145 host: Qu. acutissima, Osaka Metro. Univ., K host unknown, Kanan (OMNH), L OMU112 on 'sunflower', Fukuyama, Hiroshima Pref. Scale bars 5 mm (A–F), 2.5 mm (G–L).

FIGURE 6 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 6. Body of Pochazia shantungensis from Kumamoto. A–C: Male CS024-52; D–F: Female CS037-35. A, D Dorsal view, B, E Ventral view, C, F Lateral view. Abbreviations: an: antenna; aph: apex of phallobase; as: anal segment; cly: clypeus; fr: fron; gp: gonoplac; gs: genital style; gVIII: gonapophysis VIII; ml: middle line; pr: proboscis; ps: pregenital sternite; pt: pregenital tergite; py: pygofer.

FIGURE 5 in Reevaluation of taxonomic identity of the recently introduced invasive planthopper, Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae) in Japan

FIGURE 5. Adults of Pochazia sublimata, from the type locality, Koshun, Taiwan. A–C, G: Male OMU111; D–F, H, I: Female OMU110. A, D Body, right side, B, E Body, left side, C, F Head and thorax, dorsal view, G, H Frons and clypeus, I A label. Scale bars 5 mm (A, B, D, E) and 1 mm (C, F–H).