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19 results for “Podarcis muralis”
Potential Metabolic Activity, Catalase Activity, Performance traits and Morphological variables of 94 individuals belonging to Podarcis muralis species used in the analysis
<p>Potential Metabolic Activity (ETS26_P, ETS31_P, ETS36_P), Catalase Activity (CAT_P), Performance traits (BITE, SPRINT,CLIMB, MANO) and Morphological variables (snout-vent length (SVL), trunk length (TRL), pileus length (PL), head length (HL), head width (HW), head height (HH), fore limb length (FLL) and hind limb length (HLL) of 94 individuals belonging to <em>Podarcis muralis</em> species. The data was used in the analysis of the paper entitled: Is It Function or Fashion? An Integrative Analysis of Morphology, Performance, and Metabolism in a Colour Polymorphic Lizard, by authors Verónica Gomes, Anamarija Žagar, Guillem Pérez i de Lanuza, Tatjana Simčič and Miguel A. Carretero, published in the journal Diversity 2022, 14, 116. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/d14020116">https://doi.org/10.3390/d14020116</a></p>
Figure 1 in The common wall lizard Podarcis muralis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) shows diverse food preferences and intraspecific differences: a study case from Bulgaria
Figure 1. Percentage share of the OTUs according to: number of faecal samples of P. muralis in which the OTU was found (Fr.); number of specimens registered in the faecal samples (N); number of specimens, collected by pit-fall traps (Tr.).
Figure 3 in The common wall lizard Podarcis muralis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) shows diverse food preferences and intraspecific differences: a study case from Bulgaria
Figure 3. Percentage share of the categories of evasiveness (E1, E2, and E3) and hardness (H1, H2, and H3) according to the number of categorized prey items from the faecal samples of P. muralis (Ad. = adults; Imm. = immatures; M = males; F = females; Tot. = the entire sample).
Figure 2 in The common wall lizard Podarcis muralis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) shows diverse food preferences and intraspecific differences: a study case from Bulgaria
Figure 2. Diversity profiles of the diet of P. muralis based on the faecal samples from the study sites (Ad. = adults; Imm. = immatures; M = males; F = females).
Thermal-metabolic phenotypes of the lizard Podarcis muralis differ across elevation, but converge in high elevation hypoxia
<p>In response to a warming climate, many montane species are shifting upslope to track the emergence of preferred temperatures. Characterizing patterns of variation in metabolic, physiological and thermal traits along an elevational gradient, and the plastic potential of these traits, is necessary to understand current and future responses to abiotic constraints at high elevations, including limited oxygen availability. We performed a transplant experiment with the upslope-colonizing common wall lizard (<em>Podarcis</em> <em>muralis</em>) in which we measured nine aspects of thermal physiology and aerobic capacity in lizards from replicate low- (400 m above sea level, ASL) and high-elevation (1700 m ASL) populations. We first measured traits at their elevation of origin and then transplanted half of each group to extreme high elevation (2900 m ASL; above the current elevational range limit of this species), where oxygen availability is reduced by ∼25% relative to sea level. After 3 weeks of acclimation, we again measured these traits in both the transplanted and control groups. The multivariate thermal–metabolic phenotypes of lizards originating from different elevations differed clearly when measured at the elevation of origin. For example, high-elevation lizards are more heat tolerant than their low-elevation counterparts (counter-gradient variation). Yet, these phenotypes converged after exposure to reduced oxygen availability at extreme high elevation, suggesting limited plastic responses under this novel constraint. Our results suggest that high-elevation populations are well suited to their oxygen environments, but that plasticity in the thermal–metabolic phenotype does not pre-adapt these populations to colonize more hypoxic environments at higher elevations.</p>
Figs 1-2 in Field observation of the predation of an adult of Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) (Squamata: Lacertidae) by Mantis religiosa religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
Figs 1-2 – Mantis religiosa religiosa preys Podarcis muralis (Photos L. Spada).
Data from: Sexual color ornamentation, microhabitat choice, and thermal physiology in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
<p>Common wall lizards (<em>Podarcis muralis</em>) in Italy show a striking variation in body coloration across the landscape, with highly exaggerated black and green colors in hot and dry climates and brown and white colors in cool and wet climates. Males are more intensely colored than females, and previous work has suggested that the maintenance of variation in coloration across the landscape reflects climatic effects on the strength of male–male competition, and through this sexual selection. However climatic effects on the intensity of male–male competition would need to be exceptionally strong to fully explain the geographic patterns of color variation. Thus, additional processes may contribute to the maintenance of color variation. Here we test the hypothesis that selection for green and black ornamentation in the context of male–male competition is opposed by selection against ornamentation because the genes involved in the regulation of coloration have pleiotropic effects on thermal physiology, such that ornamentation is selected against in cool climates. Field observations revealed no association between body coloration and microhabitat use or field active body temperatures. Consistent with these field data, lizards at the extreme ends of the phenotypic distribution for body coloration did not show any differences in critical minimum temperature, preferred body temperature, temperature‐dependent metabolic rate, or evaporative water loss when tested in the laboratory. Combined, these results provide no evidence that genes that underlie sexual ornamentation are selected against in cool climate because of pleiotropic effects on thermal biology.</p>
Data from: The effects of meal size and feeding frequency on digestion in common wall lizards (<em>Podarcis muralis</em>)
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Thermal-metabolic phenotypes of the lizard Podarcis muralis differ across elevation, but converge in high elevation hypoxia
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Data from: Rapid genetic assimilation of native wall lizard populations (Podarcis muralis) through extensive hybridization with introduced lineages
The Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis) has established more than 150 non-native populations in Central Europe, stemming from eight geographically distinct evolutionary lineages. While the majority of these introduced populations are found outside the native range, some of these populations also exist at the northern range margin in south-western Germany. In order to a) infer the level of hybridization in contact zones of alien and native lineages and b) compare the genetic diversity among purebred introduced, native and hybrid populations we used a combination of maternally inherited markers (mtDNA: cytb) and Mendelian markers (microsatellites). Our results suggest a rapid genetic assimilation of native populations by strong introgression from introduced lineages. Discordant patterns of mtDNA and nDNA variation within hybrid populations may be explained by directed mate choice of females towards males of alien lineages. In contrast to previous studies we found a non-linear relationship between genetic diversity and admixture level. The genetic diversity of hybrid populations was substantially higher than in introduced and native populations belonging to a single lineage, but rapidly reaching a plateau of high genetic diversity at an admixture level of two. However, even introduced populations with low founder sizes and from one source population retained moderate levels of genetic diversity and no evidence for a genetic bottleneck was found. The extent of introgression and the dominance of alien haplotypes in mixed populations indicate that introductions of non-native lineages represent a serious threat to the genetic integrity of native populations due to the rapid creation of hybrid swarms.
Data from: Context-dependent expression of sexual dimorphism in island populations of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
The condition-dependent sexual dimorphism model explains the evolution and maintenance of sexual dimorphism in traits targeted by sexual selection, and predicts that the magnitude of sexual dimorphism depends on the variability of individual condition, male traits being more variable than female corresponding traits. Most convincing examples concern insects, while studies among vertebrates are scanty because manipulating condition often is not possible, and the time to reach sexual maturity may be too long. Islands offer a unique opportunity to compare how the environment affects the expression of sexual dimorphism, since they represent 'natural experimental sets' in which different populations of the same species may experience alternative environmental constraints. We investigated the occurrence of context-dependent expression in sexual dimorphism of head shape in insular populations of the common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) inhabiting the Tuscan Archipelago (Tyrrhenian Sea). Alternative models were formulated: H0 assumes that the sexual dimorphism is uninfluenced by islands, H1 assumes the only effect of phylogeny, H2A and H2B account for the biogeography of the archipelago (island size and distance from the mainland), while H3 assumes island-specific effects on sexual dimorphism. Models were compared using Akaike's information criterion adjusted for multivariate analyses. All hypotheses performed better than H0, but H3 largely outperformed all other alternative hypotheses, indicating that environmental features of islands play an additive effect to ontogenetic, biogeographic and genetic factors in defining variation in head shape sexual dimorphism. Our results support the hypothesis of a context-dependent sexual dimorphism in common wall lizards
Data from: Anthropogenic impact or anthropogenic accommodation? Distribution range expansion of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) by means of artificial habitats in the north-eastern limits of its distribution range
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Data from: Widespread primary, but geographically restricted secondary, human introductions of wall lizards, Podarcis muralis
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Data from: Context-dependent expression of sexual dimorphism in island populations of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
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Data from: Rapid genetic assimilation of native wall lizard populations (Podarcis muralis) through extensive hybridization with introduced lineages
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Don't judge a lizard by its colour: no evidence for differential socio-sexual behaviour and space use in the colour morphs of the European common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
Explaining the evolutionary origin and maintenance of colour polymorphisms is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Such polymorphisms are commonly thought to reflect the existence of alternative behavioural or life-history strategies under negative frequency-dependent selection. The European common wall lizard Podarcis muralis exhibits a striking ventral colour polymorphism that has been intensely studied and is often assumed to reflect alternative reproductive strategies, similar to the iconic "rock-paper-scissors" system described in the North American lizard Uta stansburiana. However, available studies so far have ignored central aspects in the behavioural ecology of this species that are crucial to assess the existence of alternative reproductive strategies. Here we try to fill this gap by studying the social behaviour, space use, and reproductive performance of lizards showing different colour morphs, both in a free-ranging population from the eastern Pyrenees and in ten experimental mesocosm enclosures. In the natural population, we found no differences between morphs in site-fidelity, space use or male-female spatial overlap. Likewise, colour morph was irrelevant to socio-sexual behaviour, space use, and reproductive success within experimental enclosures. Our results contradict the commonly held hypothesis that P. muralis morphs reflect alternative behavioural strategies, and suggest that we should instead turn our attention to alternative functional explanations.
Don’t judge a lizard by its colour: no evidence for differential socio-sexual behaviour and space use in the colour morphs of the European common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
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Drachen-Portrait - Mauereidechse (Podarcis muralis)
<u>Source</u>: Flickr <br><u>4DCity URL</u>: <a href="https://4dcity.org/imgupload/1665393233.8569.jpg">https://4dcity.org/imgupload/1665393233.8569.jpg</a> <br><u>Original Image URL</u>: <a href="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52052442295_61b684d16d_m.jpg">https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52052442295_61b684d16d_m.jpg</a> <br><br><u>Image-Metadata:</u><br>Filename: 1665393233.8569.jpg<br>Image Dimensions: 240x160<br>Megapixels: 0.04 MP<br>Filesize: 19.90 KB<br><br>ExifOffset: 26
Statistical methodology for the evaluation of leukocyte data in wild reptile populations: a case study with the Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
<p>The leukocyte profile has the potential to be a reliable method to measure health conditions and stress in wild animals, but limitations occur because current knowledge on reference intervals is largely incomplete, especially because data come from studies on captive animals involving few individuals from single populations. Here we propose a general framework for achieving reliable leukocyte reference intervals, encompassing a set of internal and external factors, potentially affecting the leukogram. To do so, we present a systematic survey of the hematology of the common wall lizard, <em>Podarcis muralis</em>, involving 794 lizards from 54 populations over the whole geographic range of the species in Italy. Reference intervals for white blood cell (WBC) and leukocyte differential count were obtained by using linear mixed models in a Bayesian framework. The application of the procedure clearly showed that both internal (sex and size) and external (latitude and season) factors are a source of variation of leukocyte profile. Furthermore, the leukogram of common wall lizard has a strong variability among populations, which accounts for more than 50% of the whole variation. Consequently, some common assumptions used in studies on captive individuals are no longer supported in wild populations, namely, i) any group of individuals is a representative sample, ii) any population is representative of all others, iii) geographic clines do not occur over the species range, and iv) seasonal variation has limited effects. We encourage researchers aimed at the definition of leukocyte reference intervals for wild populations of reptiles to involve a large number of populations over a wide geographic range in <em>ad hoc</em> statistical models to disentangle local and geographic effects on leukocyte profile variation.</p>
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