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Figure 9. NHMUK R9832 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)

Figure 9. NHMUK R9832, entoplastron of an indeterminate representative of Erymnochelyini (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae), from the lower or middle Eocene, found 25 km north-northeast of InTasit (Gao Region, Mali). (a) Ventral view. (b) Dorsal view.

Figure 1. AMNH 5086 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)

Figure 1. AMNH 5086, neotype of the podocnemidid turtle Shetwemys fajumensis comb. nov. (Erymnochelyini), from the lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Fayum Depression (Fayum Governorate, northern Egypt), in ventral (a) and dorsal (b) views.

Figure 4 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)

Figure 4. Plastral remains of the podocnemidid turtle Shetwemys fajumensis comb. nov. (Erymnochelyini), from the lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Fayum Depression (Fayum Governorate, northern Egypt). (a–b) NHMUK R3435, anterior plastral lobe, in ventral (a) and dorsal (b) views. (c–d) NHMUK R8441, plaster cast of the specimen CGM C8509, anterior plastral lobe, in ventral (c) and dorsal (d) views. (e–f) AMNH 5093, articulated epiplastra and entoplastron, in ventral (e) and dorsal (f) views. (g–h) SMNS 11233/6, anterior plastral lobe, in ventral (g) and dorsal (h) views. (i–j) NHMUK R3103, partial anterior plastral lobe, in ventral (i) and dorsal (j) views. (k–l) SMNS 11233/5, right hypoplastron, in ventral (k) and dorsal (l) views. (m–n) SMNS 11233/3, articulated left hypoplastron and xiphiplastron, in dorsal (m) and ventral (n) views, and detail of the outer ornamental pattern (o).

Figure 8 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)

Figure 8. Geographical (a) and stratigraphic (b) position of the type localities of all extinct representatives of Erymnochelyini (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) currently known (1–6), and region where the only extant representative of this lineage lives (7): (1) JonquiŁres, Aude, France, Europe. Early Eocene. Type locality of Eocenochelus lacombiana. (2) Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France, Europe. Middle Eocene. Type locality of Eocenochelus eremberti. (3) Osona, Catalonia, Spain, Europe. Late Eocene. Type locality of Eocenochelus farresi. (4) North of Lake Qarun, Fayum Depression, Fayum Governorate, Egypt, Africa. Early Oligocene. Type locality of Shetwemys fajumensis comb. nov. (5) Moghra Oasis, Qattara Depression, Matruh Governorate, Egypt, Africa. Early Miocene. Type locality of Apeshemys aegyptiaca comb. nov. (6) Lothagam, southwest of Lake Turkana, Kenya, Africa. Late Miocene. Type locality of Kenyemys williamsi and Turkanemys pattersoni. (7) Western Madagascar, Africa, where the extant Erymnochelys madagascariensis lives. The identification of each taxon through the shell or through both the skull and the shell is indicated in (b). Panel (b) is modified from the fig. 1 of PØrez-García et al. (2017).

Figure 3 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)

Figure 3. Shell remains of the podocnemidid turtle Shetwemys fajumensis comb. nov. (Erymnochelyini), from the lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Fayum Depression (Fayum Governorate, northern Egypt). (a–c) SMNS 11233/2, partial carapace, in dorsal (a), ventral (b), and left lateral (c) views. (d) Ventral view of the anterior lobe the holotype of the species, currently lost, based on the fig. 2C in plate 8 of Andrews (1903). (e–g) SMNS 12647, plastron, in ventral (e), dorsal (f), and left lateral (g) views. (g') corresponds to an enlarged photograph of the posterior plastral lobe, in left lateral view, in which the thickness in the regions close to the hypo-xiphiplastral suture (in blue), between the pelvic scars (in green), and at the level of the anal notch (in red), have been represented by arrows (h–i), SMNS 12646, plastron, in ventral (h) and dorsal (i) views.

Figure 2 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)

Figure 2. Shell remains of the podocnemidid turtle Shetwemys fajumensis comb. nov. (Erymnochelyini), from the lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Fayum Depression (Fayum Governorate, northern Egypt). (a–f) AMNH 5087, carapace and partial plastron, in dorsal (a), ventral (b), anterior (c), posterior (d), left lateral (e), and right lateral (f) views. (g–h) SMNS 11233/1, partial carapace, in dorsal (g) and ventral (h) views.

Figure 6 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)

Figure 6. Plastron of the podocnemidid turtle Apeshemys aegyptiaca comb. nov. (Erymnochelyini), from the lower Miocene (Burdigalian) of the Qattara Depression (Matruh Governorate, northern Egypt). (a–d) Type specimen. (a) Drawing of the ventral view of the plastron, corresponding to fig. 2 on plate 1 of Andrews (1900). (b–c) Plastron of the plaster cast NHMUK R2927, corresponding to the holoplastotype of the specimen, in ventral (b) and dorsal (c) views. (d) Drawing of the dorsal view of the posterior area of the posterior plastral lobe, corresponding to fig. 3 on plate 1 of Andrews (1900). (e) Ventral view of the partial plastron of another shell, currently lost, based on fig. 21 of Fourteau (1920).

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Fig. 40. Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848. Skull, AMNH 97118. A in Evolution Of The Side-Necked Turtles: The Family Podocnemididae

Fig. 40. Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848. Skull, AMNH 97118. A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, right lateral; D, anterior; E, left lateral; F, posterior. [C. Facella, del.]

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Fig. 37. Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849. Skull, AMNH 111070 A in Evolution Of The Side-Necked Turtles: The Family Podocnemididae

Fig. 37. Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849. Skull, AMNH 111070 A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, right lateral; D, anterior; E, left lateral; F, posterior. [M. Vabulas, del.]

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Fig. 38. Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849. Skull, AMNH 111070 A in Evolution Of The Side-Necked Turtles: The Family Podocnemididae

Fig. 38. Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849. Skull, AMNH 111070 A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, right lateral; D, anterior; E, left lateral; F, posterior. [M. Vabulas, del.]

Fig. 3 in Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis vogli from the Orinoquia

Fig. 3. (A) A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of reptile haemosporidian parasites based on 62 partial sequences of cytb gene sequences corresponding to a bigger fragment of cytb (707 bp excluding gaps). Leucocytozoon genus was used as outgroup. In parenthesis are GenBank sequence accession number, isolate name, and turtle species name respectively. Branch color indicates the parasites genus: Blue, Plasmodium sp.; light green, Haemocystidium spp. infecting lizards and snakes; dark green, Haemocystidium sp. Infecting turtles; black, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon spp. (B–C) Estimates of evolutionary divergence between/within Haemocystidium spp. Genetic distances were estimated using the bigger fragment of cytb (707 bp excluding gaps). The number of base substitutions per site between sequences are shown in black and the standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal in blue. Evolutionary divergence between/within Haemocystidium pacayae and Haemocystidium sp. (GERPH: PC005) are shown in bold and red respectively. Sequences previously identified as Hae. pacayae (KF049495 and KF049507) are likely Hae. (Simondia) sp. (group 2). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis vogli from the Orinoquia

Fig. 4. Haemocystidium (Simondia) sp. (GERPH: PC005) identified in Podocnemis vogli (A–H). (A–F) Young gametocytes, (E) coinfection with a gamont of Haemogregarina, (G) microgametocyte, and (H) macrogametocyte. Haemocystidium (S.) pacayae (GERPH: PC004-PC006) identified in P. vogli (I–J). (I) Young gametocyte, (K) microgametocyte, and (L) macrogametocyte. Bold black arrow: hemozoin granules; white arrow: parasitophorous vacuole; fine black arrow: vacuole. Giemsa stain, Scale bar: 10 μm.

Fig. 2 in Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis vogli from the Orinoquia

Fig. 2. Species and sampling locations for turtles analyzed in the study. Turtle species present in these localities are shown.

Fig. 1 in Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis vogli from the Orinoquia

Fig. 1. Timeline of the taxonomic classification of the genus Haemocystidium. Relevant events in the description of this genus.

Fig. 5 in Avaliação da influência de fatores hidroclimáticos sobre a estrutura populacional de Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae) no Rio Formoso, sudeste da Amazônia brasileira

Fig. 5. CarapaÇa e plastrÃo de treze espÉcimes adultos de Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) predados por humanos no ano 2017, em um dos pontos de amostragem no Rio Formoso, Estado do Tocantins, Brasil.

Fig. 4 in Avaliação da influência de fatores hidroclimáticos sobre a estrutura populacional de Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae) no Rio Formoso, sudeste da Amazônia brasileira

Fig. 4. RelaÇÃo entre a vazÃo na estaÇÃo chuvosa (linha azul) e a condiÇÃo corporal de Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, no Rio Formoso, Estado do Tocantins, Brasil.

Fig. 3 in Avaliação da influência de fatores hidroclimáticos sobre a estrutura populacional de Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae) no Rio Formoso, sudeste da Amazônia brasileira

Fig. 3. RelaÇÃo entre a vazÃo na estaÇÃo seca (linha azul) e o tamanho de Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, no Rio Formoso, Estado do Tocantins, Brasil.

Fig. 2 in Avaliação da influência de fatores hidroclimáticos sobre a estrutura populacional de Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae) no Rio Formoso, sudeste da Amazônia brasileira

Fig. 2. DistribuiÇÃo de frequÊncias das classes de tamanhos das carapaÇas de machos e fÊmeas de Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) capturados entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, no Rio Formoso, Estado do Tocantins, Brasil.

Fig. 1 in Avaliação da influência de fatores hidroclimáticos sobre a estrutura populacional de Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae) no Rio Formoso, sudeste da Amazônia brasileira

Fig. 1. LocalizaÇÃo da área de estudo no Rio Formoso, municÍpio de Lagoa da ConfusÃo, Tocantins, Brasil. Hidrografia representada em azul; limites do municÍpio da Lagoa da ConfusÃo/TO em vermelho; APA, Área de ProteÇÃo Ambiental; UC, Unidade de ConservaÇÃo.