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59 results for “Poecilia reticulata”
Fig. 6 in Phenotypic Study Of Population And Distribution Of The Poecilia Reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) From Kyiv Sewage System (Ukraine)
Fig. 6. Dependence of the area of orange spots (stripes, %) on the body length of male guppies (L) P. reticulata.
Fig. 1 in Phenotypic Study Of Population And Distribution Of The Poecilia Reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) From Kyiv Sewage System (Ukraine)
Fig. 1. Potential (probabilistic) model of P. reticulata current world expansion built in the Maxent program based on the CliMond climatic data and GBIF data (2021). Areas of highest habitat suitability (> 0.5) are colored in red and areas of lowest (<0.1) — in blue.
Fig. 7 in Phenotypic Study Of Population And Distribution Of The Poecilia Reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) From Kyiv Sewage System (Ukraine)
Fig. 7. Dependence of the proportions of the tail (C1/C2) on the body length of P. reticulata: C1/C2 = 1 ("symmetrical tail") is shown by the line.
Figure 1 in Effect of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata, on Oviposition of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Figure 1. (A) Average numbers (±SE) of egg rafts laid by Culex quinquefasciatus in treatment (with one mosquito fish) and control (without mosquito fish), and (B) average per night (±SE) of gravid Culex quinquefasciatus females collected in gravid traps (treatment: 10 mosquito fish; control: without mosquito fish). Both vertical bars represent standard error.
Figure 2. – Invasive Poecilia reticulata. A in On the natural occurrence of Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Figure 2. – Invasive Poecilia reticulata. A: male, CICCAA 02455, 16.4 mm SL; B: Male, CICCAA 02455, 15.7 mm SL; C: Female, CICCAA 02455, 22.3 mm SL.
Figure 1 in On the natural occurrence of Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Figure 1. – Poecilia reticulata, UFRJ 5351, male, 17.9 mm SL. Gonopodium tip, left lateral view. Abbreviations: p, gonopodial palp; 3, ray 3; 4a and 4p, anterior and posterior branches of ray 4; 5a and 5p, anterior and posterior branches of ray 5.
Data for: Skin bacterial microbiome diversity predicts lower activity levels in female, but not male, guppies, Poecilia reticulata
<p>While the link between the gut microbiome and host behaviour is well established, how the microbiomes of other organs correlate with behaviour remains unclear. Additionally, behaviour–microbiome correlations are likely sex-specific because of sex differences in behaviour and physiology, but this is rarely tested. Here, we tested whether the skin microbiome of the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata , predicts fish activity level and shoaling tendency in a sex-specific manner. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the bacterial community richness on the skin (Faith's phylogenetic diversity) was correlated with both behaviours differently between males and females. Females with richer skin-associated bacterial communities spent less time actively swimming. Activity level was significantly correlated with community membership (unweighted UniFrac), with the relative abundances of 16 bacterial taxa significantly negatively correlated with activity level. We found no association between skin microbiome and behaviours among male fish. This sex-specific relationship between the skin microbiome and host behaviour may indicate sex-specific physiological interactions with the skin microbiome. More broadly, sex specificity in host–microbiome interactions could give insight into the forces shaping the microbiome and its role in the evolutionary ecology of the host.</p>
Increased water temperature and turbidity act independently to alter social behaviour in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Changes in environmental conditions can shift the costs and benefits of aggregation or interfere with the sensory perception of near neighbours. This affects group cohesion with potential impacts on the benefits of collective behaviour such as reduced predation risk. Organisms are rarely exposed to one stressor in isolation, yet there are only a few studies exploring the interactions between multiple stressors and their effects on social behaviour. Here we tested the effects of increased water temperature and turbidity on refuge use and three measures of aggregation in guppies (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>), increasing temperature and turbidity in isolation or in combination. When stressors were elevated in isolation, the distribution of fish within the arena as measured by the index of dispersion became more aggregated at higher temperatures but less aggregated when turbidity was increased. Another measure of cohesion at the global scale, the mean inter-individual distance, also indicated that fish were less aggregated in turbid water. This is likely due to turbidity acting as a visual constraint, as there was no evidence of a change in risk perception as refuge use was not affected by turbidity. Fish decreased refuge use and were closer to their nearest neighbour at higher temperatures. However, nearest-neighbour distance was not affected by turbidity, suggesting that local-scale interactions can be robust to the moderate increase in turbidity used here (5 NTU) compared to other studies which show a decline in shoal cohesion at higher turbidity (>100 NTU). We did not observe any significant interaction terms between the two stressors, indicating no synergistic or antagonistic effects. Our study suggests that the effects of environmental stressors on social behaviour may be unpredictable and dependent on the metric used to measure cohesion, highlighting the need for mechanistic studies to link behaviour to the physiology and sensory effects of environmental stressors.</p>
Immune challenge affects reproductive behaviour in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Immunocompetence and reproductive success are among the most important determinants of fitness in animals. However, energetic and metabolic constraints create conflict between these two priorities. The trade-off between immunity and reproductive fitness has been the subject of great scientific interest over many decades. While a number of studies exploring the relationship between immune activity and reproductive fitness/behaviour have been conducted using birds and mammals inoculated with bacterial endotoxin (LPS), relatively few have focussed on fish. This presents a conspicuous gap in our understanding of how immune activity affects reproduction in vertebrates more generally. Fish have been experimentally neglected in this area due, in part, to the claim that fish are largely resistant to the immune effects of endotoxins, and thus presumably suffer negligible behavioural effects. While the immune response to endotoxins may differ somewhat between fish and terrestrial vertebrates, the findings here suggest that they are nonetheless susceptible to significant behavioural effects with respect to reproduction. In this study, we show that although immune challenge does not suppress general activity in male guppies, it significantly reduces reproductive effort. As such, it is important to expand the examination of these processes to a greater diversity of vertebrate species, including fish.</p>
Microhabitat conditions drive uncertainty of risk and shape neophobic responses in Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata
<p>In response to uncertain risks, prey may rely on neophobic phenotypes to reduce the costs associated with the lack of information regarding local conditions. Neophobia has been shown to be driven by information reliability, ambient risk, and predator diversity, all of which shape uncertainty of risk. We similarly expect environmental conditions to shape uncertainty by interfering with information availability. In order to test how environmental variables might shape neophobic responses in Trinidadian guppies (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>), we conducted an in situ field experiment of two high-predation risk guppy populations designed to determine how the "average" and "variance" of several environmental factors might influence the neophobic response to novel predator models and/or novel foraging patches. Our results suggest neophobia is shaped by water velocity, microhabitat complexity, pool width and depth, as well as substrate diversity and heterogeneity. Moreover, we found differential effects of the "average" and "variance" environmental variables on food- and predator-related neophobia. Our study highlights that assessment of neophobic drivers should consider predation risk, various microhabitat conditions, and neophobia being tested. Neophobic phenotypes are expected to increase the probability of prey survival and reproductive success (i.e. fitness), and are therefore likely linked to population health and species survival. Understanding the drivers and consequences of uncertainty of risk is an increasingly pressing issue, as ecological uncertainty increases with the combined effects of climate change, anthropogenic disturbances, and invasive species. </p>
Data for: Skin bacterial microbiome diversity predicts lower activity levels in female, but not male, guppies, Poecilia reticulata
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Immune challenge affects reproductive behaviour in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
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Increased water temperature and turbidity act independently to alter social behaviour in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
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Microhabitat conditions drive uncertainty of risk and shape neophobic responses in Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata
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Data for: Genetic and context-specific effects on individual inhibitory control performance in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Among-individual variation in cognitive traits, widely assumed to have evolved under adaptive processes, is increasingly being demonstrated across animal taxa. As variation among individuals is required for natural selection, characterising individual differences and their heritability is important to understand how cognitive traits evolve. Here we use a quantitative genetic study of wild-type guppies repeatedly exposed to a 'detour task' to test for genetic variance in the cognitive trait of inhibitory control. We also test for genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE) by testing related fish under alternative experimental treatments (transparent vs. semi-transparent barrier in the detour-task). We find among-individual variation in detour task performance, consistent with differences in inhibitory control. However, analysis of GxE reveals that heritable factors only contribute to performance variation in one treatment. This suggests that the adaptive evolutionary potential of inhibitory control (and/or other latent variables contributing to task performance) may be highly sensitive to environmental conditions. The presence of GxE also implies that the plastic response of detour task performance to treatment environment is genetically variable. Our results are consistent with a scenario where variation in individual inhibitory control stems from complex interactions between heritable and plastic components.</p>
Reproductive benefits associated with dispersal in headwater populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Theory suggests that the evolution of dispersal is balanced by its fitness costs and benefits, yet empirical evidence is sparse due to the difficulties of measuring dispersal and fitness in natural populations. Here, we use spatially-explicit data from a multi-generational capture-mark-recapture study of two populations of Trinidadian guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>) along with pedigrees to test whether there are fitness benefits correlated with dispersal. Combining these ecological and molecular datasets allows us to directly measure the relationship between movement and reproduction. Individual dispersal was measured as the total distance moved by a fish during its lifetime. We analyzed the effects of dispersal propensity and distance on a variety of reproductive metrics. We found that number of mates and number of offspring produced were positively correlated to dispersal, especially for males. Our results also reveal individual and environmental variation in dispersal, with sex, size, season, and stream acting as determining factors. </p>
Jumping out of trouble: Evidence for a cognitive map in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
<p><span>Spatial cognitive abilities allow individuals to remember the location of resources such as food patches, predator hide-outs, or shelters. </span><span>Animals typically incorporate learnt spatial information or use external environmental cues to navigate their surroundings. A spectacular example of how some fishes move is through aerial jumping. For instance, fish that are trapped within isolated pools, cut off from the main body of water during dry periods, may jump over obstacles and direct their jumps to return to safe locations. However, what information such as re-orientation behaviour during jumping is based on remains enigmatic. Here we combine a lab and field experiment to test if guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>) incorporate learnt spatial information and external environmental cues (visual and auditory) to determine where to jump. In a spatial memory assay we found that guppies were more likely to jump towards deeper areas, hence incorporating past spatial information to jump to safety. In a matched vs. mismatched spatial cue experiment in the field, we found that animals only showed directed jumping when visual and auditory cues matched. We show that in unfamiliar entrapments guppies direct their jumps by combining visual and auditory cues, while in familiar entrapments they use a cognitive map. We hence conclude that jumping behaviour is a goal-directed behaviour, guided by different sources of information and involving important spatial cognitive skills.</span></p>
Fig. 67. Poecilia reticulata, 14.8 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation
Fig. 67. Poecilia reticulata, 14.8 mm SL male (top), 20.0 mm SL female (bottom); Mandai area.
Immune challenge changes social behaviour in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Increased exposure to pathogens is often considered to be one of the most significant costs of group living. As a result, animals typically avoid close association with individuals that manifest symptoms of disease. The question remains, however, whether avoidance behaviours are mediated by effects relating specifically to the disease itself, or through recognition of more general sickness behaviours that emerge from the activity of the immune system in response to infection. Here we examined the effects of an immune challenge, induced through exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), on individual and social behaviour in female guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>). We found that in a binary choice presentation, healthy focal individuals showed a strong preference to associate with stimulus shoals of saline-injected fish rather than stimulus shoals of LPS-injected fish. In a subsequent examination of group-level dynamics, shoals of LPS-injected females were more dispersed than similar shoals comprised of control fish, and showed less coherent collective behaviour despite the lack of any obvious difference in general activity between LPS and control fish. We discuss these findings in relation to the need for social animals to mitigate the risk of disease that is associated with living in proximity to conspecifics.</p>
Jumping out of trouble: Evidence for a cognitive map in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
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