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4 results for “Polycarbonates”
Enhanced degradability of thiol-ene composites through the inclusion of isosorbide-based polycarbonates
<p><span>Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) metal plates and screws remain the established standard-of-care for complex fracture fixation. They however have drawbacks such as limited customization, soft-tissue adhesions and a lack of degradation. Bone cements and composites are being developed as alternative fixation techniques in order to overcome these issues. One such composite is a strong, stiff and shapeable hydroxyapatite-containing material consisting of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TATO) monomers which cures through high energy visible (HEV) light induced thiol-ene coupling (TEC) chemistry. Previous human cadaver and <em>in vivo</em> studies have shown that patches of this composite provide sufficient fixation for healing bone fractures; however, the composite lacks degradability. To promote degradation through hydrolysis, new allyl-functionalized isosorbide-based polycarbonates have been added into the composite formulation and their impact has been evaluated. Three polycarbonates with allyl functionalities, located at termini (aPC1 and aPC2) or in the backbone (aPC3), were synthesized. Composites containing 1, 3 and 5 wt% of aPCs 1-3 were formulated and evaluated with regards to mechanical properties, water absorption, hydrolytic degradation and cytotoxicity. Allyl-functionalized polycaprolactone (aPCL) was synthesized and used as a comparison. When integrated into the composite, aPC3 significantly impacted the material’s properties, with the 5wt% aPC3 formulation showing a significant increase in degradation of 469 %, relative to the formulation not containing any aPCs after 8 weeks’ immersion in PBS, along with a modest decrease in modulus of 28 % to 4.01 (0.3) GPa. Osteosyntheses combining the aPC3 3 and 5 wt% formulations with screws on synthetic bones with ostectomies matched or outperformed the ones made with previously studied neat composite with regards to bending stiffness and strength in 4-point monotonic bending before and after immersion in PBS. The favorable mechanical properties, increased degradation, and non-toxic characteristics of the materials present aPC3 as a promising additive for the TATO composite formulations. This combination resulted in stiff composites with long-term degradation suitable for bone fracture repair. </span></p>
Exploring Cellular Dynamics: A Comprehensive Analysis of SH-SY5Y Cell Growth in Variable Polycarbonate Chambers and Comparative Insights with Standard Petri Dishes
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>The provided illustrations delineate the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells within polycarbonate chambers with varying diameters, ranging from 3 mm to 50 mm. HBE and HeLaGFP cells serve as points of comparison. Five microscopic images were captured for each culture plate, one at the central location and four at random sites. To trace the growth trajectory across different chamber sizes, images from various culture days underwent manual binarization using GIMP and/or ImageJ software. The resulting binarized images can be accessed in the 'masks' directories within the zipped files, corresponding to the attached images. Comparative analysis of cell growth within these chambers was conducted against growth observed in standard 60 mm Petri dishes from Corning.</p> <p>For monitoring cell growth, we employed an Olympus phase-contrast microscope (CKX53) equipped with a DLT camera (DLT-Cam PRO 1080 HDMI USB).</p> <div> <div> <div> <p>The file nomenclature employed herein serves to represent the primary experimental conditions under consideration. It comprises a hierarchical structure, encompassing various parameters as follows: cellsName_passageNumber_cellSuspension_measurementDayNumber_chamberDiameter_regionNumber_hOfFluids_number.</p> <p>The cellsNames parameter encapsulates the complete nomenclature of the cells utilized in the experiment.</p> <p>The passageNumber parameter represents the passage number and is encoded as 'pNumber.'</p> <p>The cellSuspension parameter is denoted by distinct codes:</p> <ul> <li>'c1' designates a cell suspension with a concentration of 5x10^5 cells/ml.</li> <li>'c3' signifies a cell suspension with a concentration of 1x10^5 cells/ml.</li> <li>'c4' denotes a cell suspension with a concentration of 5x10^4 cells/ml.</li> </ul> <p>The measurementDayNumber parameter is encoded as 'afterXXXdays,' signifying the number of culture days.</p> <p>The 'd' followed by a number (e.g., d6, d8, d10, d12, d15) indicates the diameter of the chamber in millimeters. In a given series of files (e.g., 1day_d6_1, 1day_d6_2, 1day_d6_3, 1day_d6_4, 1day_d6_5), the trailing numeral (_1, _2, _3, _4, _5) corresponds to a photograph captured in a distinct region of the sample.</p> <p>The hOfFluids parameter is employed to signify the height ('h') of the fluid above the cells in the chamber, expressed in millimeters.</p> <div> <div> <div> <p>In adherence to the aforementioned conventions, every file name serves to distinctly characterize a particular collection of experimental conditions. This practice enhances both the comprehensibility and systematic organization of the data. It is noteworthy that the complete set of parameters may not always be provided; for instance, the height of the column of medium is assumed to be 2 mm unless otherwise specified.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Raw data collection for the publication P. Pötschke, T. Villmow, B. Krause and B. Kretzschmar, Influence of Twin-screw Extrusion Conditions on MWCNT Length and Dispersion and Resulting Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Composites
<p>This data collection contains the raw data for the publication <br>Petra Pötschke, Tobias Villmow, Beate Krause and Bernd Kretzschmar, Influence of Twin-screw Extrusion Conditions on MWCNT Length and Dispersion and Resulting Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Composites, <strong>polymers </strong>2024, 16(19), 2694. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192694">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192694</a></p> <p>The data are sorted according to the figures and tables in which they are used.</p> <p>The description in Table 1 is taken from the reference:<br>Villmow, T.; Kretzschmar, B.; Pötschke, P. Influence of screw configuration, residence time, <br>and specific mechanical energy in twin-screw extrusion of polycaprolactone/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2010, 70, 2045-2055. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.021.</p> <p>Figure 15 is adapted from the references:<br>Krause, B.; Boldt, R.; Pötschke, P. A method for determination of length distributions of multiwalled carbon nanotubes before and after melt processing. Carbon 2011, 49, 1243-1247, https://doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2010.11.042.<br>and<br>Liebscher, M.; Domurath, J.; Krause, B.; Saphiannikova, M.; Heinrich, G.; Pötschke, P. Electrical and melt rheological characterization of PC and co-continuous PC/SAN blends filled with CNTs: Relationship between melt-mixing parameters, filler dispersion, and filler aspect ratio. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 2018, 56, 79-88, https://doi:10.1002/polb.24515.<br>The data are reused with permissions. </p> <p>The raw data (TEM images) used for the calculation of the carbon nanotube length distributions and mean carbon nanotube length values shown in Figs. 4, 11, 13, 16, and 17 are publically available at: Krause, B. (2024). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) detached from polycarbonate (PC) composites [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400466</p> <p>Version v2:</p> <p>Compared to the submitted figure, in the final version in<strong> Fig. 9 </strong>the sample using the side feeder (PC-H-05) was removed and two samples extruded at 15 kg/h and 750 rpm (PC-H-25) and 1000 rpm (PC-H-26) were added. In the text-file the unit of GPa for the elastic modulus was corrected to MPa. </p> <p>Compared to the submitted Table, in the final version of <strong>Table 2 </strong>the electrical resistivity values were given in more detail including the standard deviation. The column title of sigma break was changed to sigma max, which is more correct for these stress-strain diagrams.</p> <p>Compared to the submitted Table, in the final version of <strong>Table 3</strong> the column title of sigma break was changed to sigma max, which is more correct for these stress-strain diagrams.The title of the first column was set to "screw" instead of "feeding". </p>
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) detached from polycarbonate (PC) composites
<p>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) detached from polycarbonate (PC) composites to determine the MWCNT length distribution. Two sample series of TEM images are included. One based on PC type Makrolon® 2600 and one based on PC type Lexan 141R. The TEM images were taken by Mrs Manuela Heber and the measurement of the MWCNT lengths was carried out by Mrs Manuela Heber and <a href="https://www.ipfdd.de/en/organization/organization-chart/personal-homepages/dr-beate-krause/">Mrs. Dr. Beate Krause</a> (both members of Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (<a href="https://www.ipfdd.de/en/home/">IPF</a>)).</p> <p><br>The results of these measurements are presented in the following publication: </p> <p>Petra Pötschke, Tobias Villmow, Beate Krause and Bernd Kretzschmar,<sup> </sup>Influence of Twin-screw Extrusion Conditions on MWCNT Length and Dispersion and Resulting Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Composites, <strong>polymers </strong>2024, 16(19), 2694. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192694">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192694</a></p>
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