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Fig. 8 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)

Fig. 8. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on COI, 16S, 18S, and 28S sequences. Numbers indicate nodal bootstrap support values (> 50%). Bold: newly obtained sequence. Pale shading: Polynoinae clade. Dark shading: Arctonoella-Hesperonoe clade.

Fig. 5 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)

Fig. 5. Arctonoella sinagawaensis, right parapodia of chaetiger 14, preserved specimens (A, B: NSMT-Pol 113479; C: NSMT-Pol 113481). A, Anterior view; B, posterior view; C, posterior view. Abbreviations: dc, dorsal cirrus; neu, neuropodium; not, notopodium; pos, postchaetal lobe of neuropodium; pre, prechaetal acicular lobe of neuropodium; vc, ventral cirrus; 1, superior notochaetae; 2, inferior notochaetae; 3, supra-acicular neurochaetae; 4, infra-acicular neurochaetae. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)

Fig. 4. Arctonoella sinagawaensis. Frontal margin of prostomium, preserved specimens (A: NSMT-Pol 113484; B: NSMT-Pol 113479; C: NSMT-Pol 113483; D: NSMT-Pol 113482; E: NSMT-Pol 113481; F: NSMT-Pol 113480). A, B, Lacking cephalic peaks; C–E, intermediate forms having round or slightly tapering protrusions; F, presence of typical tapering peaks. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)

Fig. 3. Arctonoella sinagawaensis, preserved specimens (A, C: NSMT-Pol 113479; B: NSMT-Pol 113481; D: NSMT-Pol 113480). A, Anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, ventral view. C, posterior end, with last smallest elytron on segment 33 (white arrow), dorsal view; D, midbody with largest elytra, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ac, anal cirrus; dc, dorsal cirrus; la, lateral antenna; ma, median antenna; pa, palp; pr, proboscis; tc, tentacular cirrus; vbc, ventral buccal cirrus; 2–4, segments 2–4. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Arctonoella sinagawaensis. A–D in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)

Fig. 2. Arctonoella sinagawaensis. A–D, Living specimens (A, B: NSMT-Pol 113479; C, D: NSMT-Pol 113482) associated with Urechis unicinctus; E, preserved specimen (NSMT-Pol 113482). A, Ventral view; B, lateral view, tips of dorsal cirri in contact with host body (black arrows); C, dorsal view of a symbiont on its host (white arrow), just after being collected; D, dorsal view of symbiont in C, detached from its host; E, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; D, E, 5 mm.

Fig. 7 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)

Fig. 7. Reevaluation of numbers of pairs of elytra in photographs of living specimens (dorsal view) shown in previous studies. A, Holotype of Hesperonoe urechis (71 mm BL), modified from Marin and Antokhina (2020: fig. 8c); B, non-type specimen of H. urechis, modified from Marin and Antokhina (2020: figs 1e, 8a) and Buzhinskaja (2013: fig. E; shown as Hesperonoe sp.). 1–16: number of left elytra from anterior to posterior ends; brackets indicate elytron absent. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Fig. 1 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)

Fig. 1. Distribution of Arctonoella sinagawaensis. A, Japan and neighboring countries; B, Seto Inland Sea (western Japan). Closed circles, present study; open circles, previous studies. 1, mouth of Saba-gawa River, Yamaguchi Prefecture; 2, Mukaishima Island, Onomichi-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture; 3, Takasu-higata, Kurashikishi, Okayama Prefecture; a, Shinagawa, Tokyo Bay (type locality; Izuka 1912); b, Peter the Great Bay (Marin and Antokhina 2020); c, Possjet Bay (Buzhinskaja 1967; Marin and Antokhina 2020); d, Chefoo Bay, Yellow Sea (Fauvel 1933; Uschakov 1982).

Fig. 6 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)

Fig. 6. Arctonoella sinagawaensis, distal part of chaetae in chaetiger 14, preserved specimen (NSMT-Pol 113479). A, Superior notochaeta; B, inferior notochaeta; C, D, supra-acicular neurochaeta; E, infra-acicular neurochaeta. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 7 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 7: Lepidonotus clava from Greece. HCMR_Nag_ EL_01_2008_0185. A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Midbody elytron. C. Midbody elytrophorous parapodium. D. Midbody neurochaetae. HCMR_Nag_EL_01_2008_0194: E. Detail of midbody neurocheatae tips. Photos by G. Chatzigeorgiou.

Fig. 1 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 1: A. Validated Mediterranean locations for Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (white spot: Gulf of Tunis) and Lepidonotus carinulatus (red spot: Alborán Sea; green spot: Peninsula of Sinai). B. Location of Radès area (white spot) in the Gulf of Tunis. D. Collecting site and method at Radès area. A–C: photos from Google Earth (images: © 2020 Landsat/Copernicus, TerraMetrics, Maxar Technologies; data: SIO, NOAA, U. S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO); D: photo by Marwa Chaibi.

Fig. 4 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 4: Lepidonotus tenuisetosus. A. Notochaetae from chaetiger 15. B. Tip of notochaeta. C. Neurochaetae from first chaetiger. D. Neurochaetae from chaetiger 15.

Fig. 8 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 8: Size relationships in Lepidonotus tenuisetosus. A. Body width without parapodia (WoP) vs. body length. B. Body width with parapodia (WP) vs. body length.

Fig. 6 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 6: Lepidonotus sp., NHMR PMR-17630, Croatia: A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Parapodia 7 and 8, right side. C. Neurochaetae from parapodium 8 (right side). D. Neurochaetae from parapodium 8 (left side). E. Neurochaetae from parapodium 9 (right side).

Fig. 5 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 5: Lepidonotus tenuisetosus, redrawn from Wehe (2006): A. Cephalic region, dorsal view. B. Second right elytron. C. Macrotubercles. D. Fringing papillae. E. Neurochaetae. Lepidonotus carinulatus, redrawn from Barnich & Fiege (2003): F. Cephalic region, dorsal view. G. Third right elytron. H. Lateral margin showing macrotubercles, digitiform papillae and fringing papillae. I. Neurochaetae. Lepidonotus carinulatus, redrawn from Wehe (2006): J. Cephalic region, dorsal view. K. Second right elytron. L. Macrotubercle. M. Carinate microtubercles and pigmentation. N. Digitiform papillae. O. Fringing papillae. P. Upper neurochaetae. Q. Lower neurochaetae.

Fig. 2 in First record of Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Tunisia with distributional notes Abstract

Fig. 2: Lepidonotus tenuisetosus. A. Whole body, dorsal view. B. Whole body, ventral view. C. Anterior region (without elytra), dorsal view. D. Anterior region (pharynx everted), dorsal view. E. Anterior region (pharynx everted), ventral view. F. Anterior region (pharynx everted), lateral view. G. Second elytra. H. Tenth elytron. I. Detail of fringing papillae from the tenth elytron. J. Detail of macrotubercles from the tenth elytron. K. Detail of microtubercles from tenth elytron.

Figure 10 in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)

Figure 10.- Dead colony of Corallium sp. showing traces of galleries (pointed by white arrows and outlined by red tracing) likely originated for the association with Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. Scale bar is cm.

Figure 8.- Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. MNCN 16.01 in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)

Figure 8.- Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. MNCN 16.01/14337. A. Left elytron from first pair. B. Detail of margin of same. C. Elytron from midanterior region. D. Parapodium from chaetiger 32, dorsal cirri broken (placed in approximate position); black arrow pointing on the small scattered papillae on cirri; white arrow pointing on the approximate position of nephridial papilla. E. Nephridial papilla. F. Notochaetae. G. Neurochaetae from dorsal-most bundle. H. Neurochaetae from ventral-most bundle. Scale bars are µm.

Figure 6.- Parahololepidella greeffi. Syntype ZMH 5692. A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Neurochaetae from anterior region, showing damaged tips. C. Notochaetae. D. Dissected parapodia from mid-body. E in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)

Figure 6.- Parahololepidella greeffi. Syntype ZMH 5692. A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Neurochaetae from anterior region, showing damaged tips. C. Notochaetae. D. Dissected parapodia from mid-body. E. Neurochaetae of the same (black arrow pointing at the apparently bidentate chaetae). F. Notochaetae of the same. B, C, E, F: scale bar 125 µm.

Figure 7 in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)

Figure 7.- Tanacetipathes cf. spinescens. MNCN16.01/13707. A.- Whole view of a host colony harbouring four specimens of Parahololepidella greeffi. B. Detail of a host curled on the main stem of the host black coral. White arrows point to the position of the symbionts.

Figure 9.- Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. MNCN 16.01 in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)

Figure 9.- Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. MNCN 16.01/14337. A. Two fragments of Candidella imbricata, one of them with the symbiont inside a gallery formed by expanded esclerites (arrow pointing on worm's head). B. Detail of the anterior end of the worm (arrow pointing on worm's head showing eyes through the first pair of elytra). C. Fragment of Candidella imbricata with the symbiont inside a gallery formed by expanded esclerites (arrows pointing on worm's head and pygidium). D. Same worm as in C, extracted from the gallery. MNCN 16.01/14341. E. Fragment of Corallium niobe, with a worm inside a gallery in the axis of a branch. F. Anterior end of the same worm as in E, extracted from the gallery. Scale bars are mm.