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29 results for “Pore Water”
Forest Transition Experiment - Soil Pore Water Salinity in a Coastal Virginia Forest
A pore water sipper was be used to collect a pore water sample from the top 15 cm of the soil, and was read using a portable refractometer in the field.
SBC LTER: Pore water constituents and residence times (Radon activity) from Santa Barbara beaches, 2012-2013
Constituents of beach pore water and parameters for calculating residence times are reported for two beaches in the Santa Barbara area, Isla Vista Beach and East Campus Beach, from July 2012 to June 2013. This dataset reports beach pore water concentrations of ammonium and nitrate, total dissolved Nitrogen and Carbon, particulate Nitrogen and Carbon, Radon, salinity, conductance, Oxygen and water temperature. Residence time ("Tau") can be calculated from Radon-222 activities in nearshore seawater, in pore water and at equilibrium, which are presented in a second table (also available in published paper). Results from these data were reported in: Goodridge, B. M. and J. M. Melack. 2014. Temporal evolution and variability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in beach pore water revealed using radon residence times. Environmental Science and Technology, 48: 14211-14218. DOI:10.1021/es504017j
Fig.ç3.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A, B, Paratype, female (ZIHU 3983); C–E, paratype, male (ZIHU 3982). A, General habitus, lateral view; B, neck and segments 1–4, lateral view; C, enlargement of segment 7, lateral view; D, enlargement of segment 9, lateral view; E, enlargement of segments 10 and 11, lateroventral view. Abbreviations: ch, cuticular hair; dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; pf, pectinate fringe; po, pore; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2; ps3, penile spine 3; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Fig.ç3.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A, B, Paratype, female (ZIHU 3983); C–E, paratype, male (ZIHU 3982). A, General habitus, lateral view; B, neck and segments 1–4, lateral view; C, enlargement of segment 7, lateral view; D, enlargement of segment 9, lateral view; E, enlargement of segments 10 and 11, lateroventral view. Abbreviations: ch, cuticular hair; dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; pf, pectinate fringe; po, pore; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2; ps3, penile spine 3; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot.
Molecular dynamics simulation of SpoIVFB:Pro-SigmaK complex ("pore water" added over membrane re-entrant loop)
<p>Simulation originally starting with "pore water" above the membrane re-entrant loop.</p> <p>Found here are all files needed to reproduce or visualize the results of molecular dynamics simulation of the SpoIVFB intramembrane protease bound to the transcription factor Pro-sigmaK. The protein complex was embedded in a POPE_POPG_DAG_CL bilayer using CHARMM-GUI, and the "generate pore water" feature was used to initially fill the area above the membrane re-entrant loop with water (as opposed to lipids initially being placed in this vicinity). The system was equilibrated and and simulated using OpenMM. The README file is a C-shell script that will run equilibration and 250ns of unrestrained simulation. </p> <p><br>Individual output (.out) and trajectory (.dcd) files are provided for each checkpoint of the simulation. A combined trajectory containing 250 ns of unrestrained simulation is also provided (combined_250ns_traj.dcd). Together with the step5_input.psf file, this combined dcd file can be used with common software such as VMD to visualize the molecular dynamics trajectory.</p>
Pore Water Concentrations of Nitrogen From N-Addition Plots in an Alberta Peatland, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Bogs, being ombrotrophic, may be especially susceptible to increasing N deposition. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a bog near Mariana Lakes, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). We collected surface pore water from all plots several times a year throughout the 5 year experiment. Porewater NH4 +-N, NO3 --N, and DON concentrations were unaffected by N input in any of the five years (rmANOVA; p = 0.44, 0.37, and 0.82, respectively). We hypothesized that as N deposition increases to a level that exceeds the capacity of the bog vegetation to take up N, net N mineralization in surface peat would be inhibited by higher NH4 +-N availability, net nitrification would be stimulated by higher NH4 +-N availability, and concentrations of DIN in porewater at the top of the water table would increase, as DIN bypasses interception by the ground layer vegetation. None of these hypotheses was supported with nitrogen being immediately taken up by vegetation. It is unclear if longer term study would reveal similar responses.
Pore water concentrations of Nitrogen from N-Addition plots in an Alberta Poor Fen, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). We collected surface pore water from all plots several times a year throughout the 5 year experiment. Over the 5 years of the study, porewater NH4+-N, NO3--N, and DON concentrations at the top of the poor fen water table were unaffected by N addition (p = 0.06, 0.30, 0.16, respectively). However, porewater NH4+-N, NO3--N, and DON concentrations were substantially higher in 2011 than in 2012-2015 (Fig. 11). Water addition alone had no significant effect on porewater concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3--N, or DON (p > 0.99). We hypothesized that as N deposition increases to a level that exceeds the capacity of the fen vegetation to take up N, net N mineralization in surface peat would be inhibited by higher NH4+-N availability, net nitrification would be stimulated by higher NH4+-N availability, and concentrations of DIN in porewater at the top of the water table would increase, as DIN bypasses interception by the ground layer vegetation. None of these hypotheses was supported with nitrogen being immediately taken up by vegetation. It is unclear if longer term study would reveal similar responses.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Geochemistry of soil pore waters sampled in May 2018 (0 - 20 cm depth) and August 2019 (0-120 cm depth) at Gradient site, 2018-2019
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems. Analysing the geochemistry of soil pore waters at Gradient site complements the overarching aim of this study. The dissolved organic carbon and mineral elements are determined in soil pore waters from sites of minimum, moderate and extensive permafrost degradation during the spring thaw (0-20 cm depth) in May 2018 and during late summer (0-120 cm depth) in August 2019. Soil pore waters were collected from sites approximately 15 m uphill of the highly monitored Gradient sites. The geochemical data was used to assess the mineral element-organic carbon associations in soil pore waters between contrasting sites of permafrost degradation.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Halogen chemistry and isotopic composition in McMurdo lake waters and pore fluids
As part of a collaborative investigation between researchers at Rice University, Arkansas State University, University of Rochester, and Ohio State University, lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys were sampled at discreet depth intervals during the 2005-2006 field season.  Sample splits were subsequently analyzed for chemical and isotopic composition of both gases and dissolved  ions, as well as dissolved organic carbon. In addition, cryogenic salts were sampled in the surrounding lake shores in order to determine the salt sources. Gravity cores were also obtained and the pore waters were collected by centrifuging the wet sediment.  Presented  in this file are the dissolved halogens :chloride, bromide, and total iodine in lake waters and pore waters. The isotopic composition of I-129 and Cl-36 are also presented for these same samples, as are the molar ratios of I-129/I-127, and Cl-36/Cl-37.  Alkalinity was also determined in order to subsequently investigate the relationship between the oxidation of organic matter and the release of iodine into the lake waters.
SBC LTER: Beach: Data to support "Contribution of macroalgal wrack consumers to dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in intertidal pore waters of sandy beaches"
These data describe measures of excretion from talitrid amphipods (Megalorchestia corniculata) fed giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) blades and incubated in a series of mesocosms during May 2018. Data are contained in one table: time series of mesocosm porewater nutrient concentrations measured twice daily for approximately one week (two full trials included in this dataset). This dataset is to support the article: Lowman, H. E., Emery, K. A., Kubler-Dudgeon, L., Dugan, J. E., & Melack, J. M. (2019). Contribution of macroalgal wrack consumers to dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in intertidal pore waters of sandy beaches. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.004
Vertical Stratification of Peat Pore Water Dissolved Organic Matter composition in a peat bog in Northern Minnesota
<p>Currently peatlands represent a sink for carbon dioxide and source of atmospheric methane. It is unclear the impact that climate change will have on these systems. As such, a large-scale ecosystem manipulation (Spruce and Peatland Responses under Climatic and Environmental Change, SPRUCE) has been implemented at a peat bog (S1 bog) at the Marcel Experimental Forest (MEF), Minnesota, USA, to determine the effects of climatic forcing on ecosystem processes in northern peatlands. In this study, we aimed to: (i) identify peat pore water dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition as a function of depth before the initiation of the manipulation experiment and (ii) contribute to the knowledge of DOM chemistry and decomposition processes at the S1 bog. We found strong vertical resolution in DOM molecular composition and optical properties within the peat column at the S1 bog. Surface samples were dominated by inputs from surface vegetation. The mid-depth, 30-75cm was an area of high reactivity and increased microbial activity with diagenetic formation of many unique compounds such as polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) that contain both nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms. These compounds were previously observed in coal-derived products and were assumed to be responsible for coal’s biological activity. Biological processes taking place at the intermediate depth zone of the peat profile at the S1 bog are assumed to be responsible for the formation of these heteroatomic PAC in our system. Conversely, these compounds might stem from black carbon and nitrogen from potential fires that occurred at the site in the past. Surface and deep DOM exhibited more similar characteristics suggesting the possibility of lateral and vertical advection of pore water from the surface to the deeper horizons. Our results highlight the importance of understanding processes that control DOM production and transformation with depth.</p> <p>Included: FTICR MS data and optical properties data</p>
Pore matrix dissolution in carbonates: An in-situ experimental investigation of carbonated water injection
<p>Carbonate rocks in underground formations are major targets for oil extraction and carbon storage. The solid part of these porous rocks contains certain minerals, such as calcite and dolomite, that can interact with aqueous solutions. Interactions could be reactive, which leads to the dissolution of these minerals. In this study, we investigated the evolution of carbonate rock dissolution during the flow of carbonated water in pores that initially contain both oil and brine. Carbonated water is an aqueous solution enriched with carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); hence, it is acidic. In our experiments, we observed that the reactive flow and transport of carbonated water is characterized by two distinct periods. The first is a pre-dissolution period where the CO<sub>2</sub> molecules diffused from the flowing carbonated water into the oil causing it to swell. As separate oil globules swelled, they reconnected and moved in the direction of the flowing water toward the outlet of the rock sample. In the second stage, significant mineral dissolution occurred creating wormholes that had either a conical or a dominant pattern. The pattern and extent of dissolution was dependent on the flow rate of the carbonated water and its CO<sub>2</sub> concentration.</p>
Volatile organic compounds (VOIs) in seawater and sediment pore water collected in Funka Bay and Bering and Chukchi Seas
<p>The data of volatile organic compounds (VOIs) in seawater and sediment pore water collected in the Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, and the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Funka Bay's samples were collected in 2018-2019. Bering and Chukchi Seas' samples were collected in July of 2017 and 2018. The article entitled "Marine sediment as a likely source of methyl and ethyl iodides in subpolar and polar seas" by Ooki et al. published by Communications Earth & Environment used these datasets. The datasets are also provided as supplementary data1-4 in the article. Details of datasets are described in the article. Please cite this article when you use these datasets.</p>
Pore water and headspace gas data from Sites J1005 and J1006 on the south Chilean Margin
<p>Pore water elemental and isotopic measurements, and headspace gas data, from Sites J1005 and J1006 on the south Chilean Margin.</p> <p>Tab 1: Site J1005 pore water chemistry</p> <p>Tab 2: Site J1006 pore water chemistry</p> <p>Tab 3: Headspace gas data at J1005 and J1006</p> <p>Tab 4: Na/K geothermometer estimates</p> <p>Tab 5: Pore water sulfate diffusive flux calculations</p>
In-situ parameters, nutrients and dissolved carbon distribution in the water column and pore waters of Arctic Fjords (Western Spitsbergen) during a melting season
<p>A nutrient distribution such as phosphate (PO₄³⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻), dissolved silica (Si), total dissolved nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) together with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC), was investigated during a high melting season in 2021 in the western Spitsbergen fjords (Hornsund, Isfjorden, Kongsfjorden, and Krossfjorden). Both the water column and the pore water were investigated for nutrients and dissolved carbon distribution and gradients. The water column concentrations of most measured parameters such as PO₄³⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, Si, and DIC showed significant changes among fjords and water masses. In addition, pore water gradients of PO₄³⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, Si, DIC and DOC revealed significant variability between fjords and are likely substantial sources of the investigated elements for the water column. The obtained dataset reflects differences in hydrography and biogeochemical ecosystem function of the western Spitsbergen fjords and may form the base for further modelling of physical oceanographic and biogeochemical processes within the investigated fjord systems.</p> <p> </p>
Water in peripheral TM-interfaces of Orai1-channels triggers pore opening
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Benchmark dataset for pore-scale CO2-water interaction
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Soil water content determined at saturation and water holding capacity and calculated at 50% water filled pore space
<p>Optimizing soil microbial activity requires an equal balance between water- and air-filled porosity, i.e. 50% water filled pore space (WFPS). However, many soil biological investigations report water as some fraction of water-holding capacity (WHC). This study was conducted to fill a quantitative gap between WFPS and WHC. Soil samples (n=198) from 10 eastern U.S. states and one state in Brazil provided a wide distribution of clay (0.064-0.487 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>) and soil organic C (SOC, 5.2-52.0 g kg<sup>-1</sup>) concentrations (5-95% range). Gravimetric soil water content (SWC) was determined at WHC and at saturation. Both clay and SOC concentrations strongly influenced SWC; the effect of SOC was strongest and non-linear. To achieve 50% WFPS, gravimetric SWC was 0.69<u>+</u>0.10 times that of WHC and 0.59<u>+</u>0.03 times that of saturation. For soil biological assays, 50% WFPS could be reasonably accurately and simply achieved with calculations using gravimetric SWC at saturation multiplied by 0.59. </p>
Pore water and headspace gas data for Site J1003 (Chilean Margin)
<p>This dataset includes pore water chemical data and headspace gas data from Site J1003 taken on the south Chilean Margin. Tab 3 includes Na and K data used in geothermometry calculations. Data have been used in a preprint manuscript uploaded at EarthArXiv (<a href="https://doi.org/10.31223/X5X92N">https://doi.org/10.31223/X5X92N</a>), which is currently in revision at Nature Communications Earth & Environment. </p>
Data set for: Pore-scale simulation of salt precipitation during CO2 injection into saline aquifers, Water Resources Research
<p>This dataset includes output data used for analyses presented in the paper titled: Pore-scale simulation of salt precipitation during CO2 injection into saline aquifers and submitted to Water Resources Research.</p>
A pore-forming protein drives macropinocytosis to facilitate toad water maintaining
<p>Maintaining water balance is a real challenge for amphibians in terrestrial environments. Our previous studies with toad <em>Bombina maxima</em> discovered a pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex βγ-CAT, which is assembled under tight regulation depending on environmental cues. Here we report an unexpected role for βγ-CAT in toad water maintaining. Deletion of toad skin secretions, in which βγ-CAT is a major component, increased animal mortality under hypertonic stress. βγ-CAT was constitutively expressed in toad osmoregulatory organs, which was inducible under the variation of osmotic conditions. The protein induced and participated in macropinocytosis in vivo and in vitro. During extracellular hyperosmosis, βγ-CAT stimulated macropinocytosis to facilitate water import and enhanced exosomes release, which simultaneously regulated aquaporins distribution. Collectively, these findings uncovered that besides membrane-integrated aquaporin, a secretory pore-forming protein can facilitate toad water maintaining via macropinocytosis induction and exocytosis modulation, especially in responses to osmotic stress.</p>
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