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11 results for “Prairie Pothole”
Over the hills and through the farms: Land use and topography influence genetic connectivity of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in the Prairie Pothole Region
<p><em>Context</em></p> <p>Agricultural land-use conversion has fragmented prairie wetland habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), an area with one of the most wetland-dense regions in the world. This fragmentation can lead to negative consequences for wetland obligate organisms, heightening risk of local extinction and reducing evolutionary potential for populations to adapt to changing environments.</p> <p><em>Objectives</em></p> <p>This study models biotic connectivity of prairie-pothole wetlands using landscape genetic analyses of the northern leopard frog (<em>Rana pipiens</em>) to: (1) identify population structure and (2) determine landscape factors driving genetic differentiation and possibly leading to population fragmentation.</p> <p><em>Methods</em></p> <p>Frogs from 22 sites in the James River and Lake Oahe river basins in North Dakota were genotyped using Best-RAD sequencing at 2868 bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Population structure was assessed using STRUCTURE, DAPC, and fineSTRUCTURE. Circuitscape was used to model resistance values for ten landscape variables that could affect habitat connectivity.</p> <p><em>Results</em></p> <p>STRUCTURE results suggested a panmictic population, but other more sensitive clustering methods identified six spatially organized clusters. Circuit theory-based landscape resistance analysis suggested land use, including cultivated crop agriculture, and topography were the primary influences on genetic differentiation.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em></p> <p>While the <em>R. pipiens</em> populations appear to have high gene flow, we found a difference in the patterns of connectivity between the eastern portion of our study area which was dominated by cultivated crop agriculture, versus the western portion where topographic roughness played a greater role. This information can help identify amphibian dispersal corridors and prioritize lands for conservation or restoration.</p>
Over the hills and through the farms: Land use and topography influence genetic connectivity of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in the Prairie Pothole Region
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Wetland drainage produces substantial greenhouse gas emissions in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region
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Data from: Signatures of human impact: size distributions and spatial organization of wetlands in the prairie pothole landscape
More than 50% of global wetland area has been lost over the last 200 years, resulting in losses of habitat and species diversity as well as decreased hydrologic and biogeochemical functionality. Recognition of the magnitude of wetland loss as well as the wide variety of ecosystem services provided by wetlands has in recent decades led to an increased focus on wetland restoration. Restoration activities, however, often proceed in an ad-hoc manner, with a focus on maximizing the total restored area rather than on other spatial attributes of the wetland network, which are less well understood. In this study, we have addressed the question of how human activities have altered the size distribution and spatial organization of wetlands over the Prairie Pothole Region of the Des Moines Lobe using high-resolution LIDAR data. Our results show that as well as the generally accepted 90% loss of depressional wetland area, there has been a disproportionate loss of both smaller and larger wetlands, with a marked alteration of the historical power-law relationship observed between wetland size and frequency and a resulting homogenization of the wetland size distribution. In addition, our results show significant decreases in perimeter-to-area ratios, increased mean distances between wetlands, particularly between smaller wetlands, and a reduced likelihood that current wetlands will be located in upland areas. Such patterns of loss can lead to disproportionate losses of ecosystem services, as smaller wetlands with larger perimeter-to-area ratios have been found to provide higher rates of biogeochemical processing and groundwater recharge, while increased mean distances between wetlands hinder species migration and thus negatively impact biodiversity. These results suggest the need to gear restoration efforts towards understanding and recreating the size distribution and spatial organization of historical wetlands, rather than focusing primarily on an increase in overall area.
FIGURES 40–44 in Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA
FIGURES 40–44: SEM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate
FIGURES 29–39 in Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA
FIGURES 29–39: LM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Single valves showing size range. Fig. 31. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm.
FIGURES 23–28 in Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA
FIGURES 23–28: SEM. Halamphora pertusa sp. nov. Fig. 23. External whole valve view. Fig. 24. Detail of external valve apex. Fig. 25. Detail of the external areolae structure, showing internal biseriate sieve plate (arrow). Fig. 26. Interior whole valve view. Fig. 27. Detail of interior valve center showing longitudinal band of silica (arrow). Fig. 28. Detail of valve interior showing biseriate striae.
FIGURES 10–14 in Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA
FIGURES 10–14: SEM Halamphora pratensis sp. nov. Fig. 10. External whole valve view. Fig. 11. Internal whole valve view. Fig. 12. Detail of valve apex showing marginal ridge wrapping around distal raphe end to the ventral margin (arrow). Fig. 13. Detail of internal valve center showing thickened central virgae (arrow). Fig. 14. Whole frustule in dorsal girdle view showing girdle bands with two rows of poroids. Scale bars = 1 μm.
FIGURES 15–22 in Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA
FIGURES 15–22: LM. Halamphora pertusa sp. nov. Single valves showing size range. Fig. 15. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm.
FIGURES 1–9 in Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA
FIGURES 1–9: LM. Halamphora pratensis sp. nov. Single valves showing size range. Fig. 1. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Data from: Signatures of human impact: size distributions and spatial organization of wetlands in the prairie pothole landscape
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