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15 results for “Precipitation regimes”
Belowground responses to altered precipitation regimes in two semi-arid grasslands
Predicted climate change extremes, such as severe and prolonged drought, may profoundly impact biogeochemical processes like carbon and nitrogen cycling in water-limited ecosystems. To increase our understanding of how extreme climate events impact belowground ecosystem processes, we investigated the effects of five years of severe growing season drought and two-month delay in monsoon precipitation on belowground productivity and biogeochemical processes in two semi-arid grasslands. This experiment takes place during the fifth year of the Extreme Drought in Grassland Experiment (EDGE) at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), a Long-Term Ecological Research in central New Mexico, USA. The two grassland sites a Chihuahuan Desert grassland dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda and Great Plains grassland dominated by B. gracilis are ~5km apart in the SWNR. The EDGE platform was established in the spring of 2012 (pre-treatment). Each site contains three treatments (ten replicates): ambient rainfall, extreme growing season drought, and delayed monsoon. The extreme drought treatment reduces growing season rainfall (April through September) each year by 66%, which equates to a 50% reduction of annual precipitation while maintaining natural precipitation patterns. There are 10 replicates per treatment within each site. All plots are 3 x 4 m in size and are paired spatially into blocks with treatments assigned randomly within a block. We measured an array of belowground and biogeochemical variables. Each variable was measured either once, twice, or three times (specific information on sampling scheme for each measured variable in methods section). Belowground net primary productivity, standing crop root biomass, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen were measured once. Extractable organic carbon, extractable total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and extracellular enzymes were measured twice. Available soil nitrate, available soil ammonium,
Hydrological regime in a model High Arctic catchment (Bratteggdalen, Svalbard) under warming and precipitation rise
<p><span>Climate change is impacting water flow worldwide and is particularly important for High Arctic basins. Thawing permafrost and melting of glaciers, as well as higher air temperatures and precipitation, affect hydrological regimes and retention in polar basins. However, knowledge is limited as regards long-term changes in discharge from catchments in the High Arctic. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of local conditions on hydrological regime in glacial-fluvio-lacustrine model system in the High Arctic. We used mainly hydrological and meteorological data from 9 summer seasons (June-September) between 2005 and 2019 extracted from the entire database (16 seasons in 1972-2019). Wide range of statistical methods was applied including bootstrapping, random forest and multiple regression, to determine the coupling between hydrometeorological parameters (air and water temperature, discharge, sunshine duration, precipitation). The hydrological regime exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern with a pronounced, snowmelt-derived peak (maximum discharge) in the early part of the season (June-July) affected by precipitation. In the late part of the season (August-September), low-intermediate discharge is primarily governed by air temperatures and, only secondarily by precipitation. The hydrometeorological coupling in August-September is stronger that in June-July. The statistically significant increase in air temperature (0.45°C per decade) in August-September during 1979-2018 makes this part of the season important in terms of long-term changes in the permafrost-underlain catchment. Thawing of the permafrost active layer thaw is clearly reflected by air–temperature-dependent low-to-intermediate discharge.</span></p> <p><span>Database consists of following data obtained from long-term discharge analyses: daily discharge data at the gauging station from 1983-2019 (1983-2019</span><span>_Brattegg_River_Discharge_v1.csv</span><span>), daily water stage data from 1972-1983 (1972-1983 </span><span>_ Brattegg_River_Water_Stage_v1.csv</span><span>), daily water level at gauging station and outflow from Bratteggbreen from 2017 (</span><span>2017_Brattegg_River_water_stage_gauging_station_Bratteggbreen_v1.csv</span><span>).</span></p> <p><span>This study is a contribution to the National Science Centre projects: 2021/43/D/ST10/00687 (SONATA17 funding scheme, ŁS), 2020/39/I/ST10/02129 (OPUS-LAP funding scheme, MB), 2017/27/B/ST10/01269 (OPUS funding scheme, KM), and SONATA 2015/19/D/ST10/02869 (SONATA funding scheme, MK). For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission. ŁS was also supported from the Bekker Programme (award no. BPN/BEK/2021/1/00431) at the Polish National Agency for Scientific Exchange. The study was carried out by DI, EL as part of scientific activity of the Centre for Polar Studies (University of Silesia in Katowice) with the use of research and logistic equipment (monitoring and measuring equipment, sensors, multiple AWS, GNSS receivers, snowmobiles and other supporting equipment) of the Polar Laboratory of the University of Silesia in Katowice. MW and HM acknowledge the </span><span>statutory fund of University of Wrocław for suport during fieldwork in 2005-2010.</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for: Differences in mucilage properties and stomatal sensitivity of locally adapted Zea mays in relation with precipitation seasonality and vapour pressure deficit regime of their native environment
<p>Dataset PlantDirect published manuscript:</p> <p>Berauer <em>et al.</em> (2023) - Differences in mucilage properties and stomatal sensitivity of locally adapted Zea mays in relation with precipitation seasonality and vapour pressure deficit regime of their native environment</p> <p>Article DOI: <em><strong>10.1002/pld3.519</strong></em></p> <p> </p> <p>All data is provided within one excel file. Please, pay attention to the provided ReadMe sheet for information on the dataset.</p>
Data from: Risk of short-term biodiversity loss under more persistent precipitation regimes
<p>Recent findings indicate that atmospheric warming increases the persistence of weather patterns in the mid-latitudes, resulting in sequences of longer dry and wet periods compared to historic averages. The alternation of progressively longer dry and wet extremes could increasingly select for species with a broad environmental tolerance. As a consequence, biodiversity may decline. Here, we explore the relationship between the persistence of summer precipitation regimes and plant diversity by subjecting experimental grassland mesocosms to a gradient of dry-wet alternation frequencies whilst keeping the total precipitation constant. The gradient varied the duration of consecutive wet and dry periods, from 1 up to 60 days with or without precipitation, over a total of 120 days. An alternation of longer dry and wet spells led to a severe loss of species richness (up to –75% relative to the current rainfall pattern in W-Europe) and functional diversity (enhanced dominance of grasses relative to nitrogen (N)-fixers and non-N-fixing forbs). Loss of N-fixers and non-N-fixing forbs in severe treatments was linked to lower baseline competitive success and higher physiological sensitivity to changes in soil moisture compared to grasses. The extent of diversity losses also strongly depended on the timing of the dry and wet periods. Regimes in which long droughts (≥ 20 days) coincided with above-average temperatures showed significantly more physiological plant stress over the experimental period, greater plant mortality, and impoverished communities by the end of the season. Across all regimes, the duration of the longest period below permanent wilting point was an accurate predictor of mortality across the communities, indicating that increasingly persistent precipitation regimes may reduce opportunities for drought stress alleviation. We conclude that without recruitment, which was precluded in this experiment, summer precipitation regimes with longer dry and wet spells will likely diminish plant diversity, at least in the short term.</p>
Precipitation regime controls bryosphere carbon cycling similarly across contrasting ecosystems
<p>In arctic and boreal ecosystems, ground bryophytes play an important role in regulating carbon (C) exchange between vast belowground C stores and the atmosphere. Climate is changing particularly fast in these high-latitude regions, but it is unclear how altered precipitation regimes will affect C dynamics in the bryosphere (i.e., the ground moss layer including senesced moss, litter, and associated biota) and the closely associated upper humus layer, and how these effects will vary across contrasting environmental conditions. Here, we set up a greenhouse experiment in which mesocosms were assembled containing samples of the bryosphere, dominated by the feather moss <i>Hylocomium splendens</i>, and the upper humus layer, that were collected from across a boreal forest chronosequence in northern Sweden which varies strongly in nutrient availability, productivity, and soil biota. We tested the effect of variation in precipitation volume and frequency on CO<sub>2</sub> exchange and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export, and on moss growth. As expected, reduced precipitation volume and frequency lowered net CO<sub>2</sub> efflux, DOC export, and moss growth. However, by regulating moisture, the lower bryosphere and humus layers often mediated how precipitation volume and frequency interacted to drive C dynamics. For example, less frequent precipitation reduced moss growth only when precipitation volume was low. When volume was high, high moisture content of the humus layer helped avoid moss desiccation. Variation in precipitation regime affected C cycling consistently in samples collected across the chronosequence, despite large environmental variation along the sequence. This suggests that the bryosphere exerts a strong buffering effect on environmental variation at the forest floor, which leads to similar responses of C cycling to external perturbations across highly contrasting ecosystems. As such, our study indicates that projected increases in droughts and ground evapotranspiration in high-latitude regions resulting from climate change will consistently reduce C losses from moss-dominated ecosystems.</p>
Precipitation regime controls bryosphere carbon cycling similarly across contrasting ecosystems
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Data from: Shifting precipitation regimes influence optimal germination strategies and population dynamics in bet-hedging desert annuals
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Data from: Risk of short-term biodiversity loss under more persistent precipitation regimes
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Data from: Does previous exposure to extreme precipitation regimes result in acclimated grassland communities?
<p>This dataset is related to a journal paper published in Science of The Total Environment <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156368">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156368</a>.</p>
Mass loss and nutrient release during the decomposition of sixteen types of plant litter with contrasting quality under three precipitation regimes
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Data from: The reproductive strategy in a Chloris virgata population in response to precipitation regimes
Resource availability influences plant growth and reproduction. Here, a controlled experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the adaptation response of Chloris virgata to different precipitation conditions, and to further predict the reproductive strategy in a population of C. virgata under different precipitation regimes. Three regimes (low, typical and high) of water addition were used to simulate current precipitation patterns. Total 20 individuals for each treatment were analyzed to compare tiller number, spike traits, seed traits, the relationship between seed size and seed number, and so on. In addition, the effects of different precipitation regimes on offspring vigour of C. virgata were also studied. Results indicated that tiller number, spike number, seed yield and seed number were unchanged under different water addition regimes. While seed size was about 0.5 mg at typical and high precipitation levels and were higher than that in low precipitation level. The higher seed mass per spike and spike mass both occurred at typical and high precipitation levels. Significant positive correlations between seed mass and non-seed mass in C. virgata in response to precipitation regimes were largely allometric (size dependent), as was a significant negative correlation between seed size and seed number at low precipitation. The highest germination rate and seedling weights both occurred at typical and high precipitation levels. These findings showed that different precipitation regimes affected reproductive strategy of C. virgata. C. virgata will not benefit from low precipitation, while typical and high precipitation will improve seed traits and offspring vigour of this species.
Data from: The reproductive strategy in a Chloris virgata population in response to precipitation regimes
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MODIS Cloud Regimes and Cloud-Precipitation Hybrid Regimes (MODIS-IMERG)
Cloud regimes and Cloud-Precipitation Hybrid Regimes are derived via k-means clustering, with MODIS C6.1 2D joint histogram of CTP and COT (total 42 bins) and IMERG v06B precipitation histogram (total 6 bins) in 50S-50N and 15S-15N domain. By the relative weight between cloud and precipitation, there are 4 kinds of regime sets for each tropical and extended domain: 1) Cloud only (42 bins), 2) Cloud+Precipitation with weight 1 (Cld42+Pr6x1; 48 bins), 3) Cloud+Precipitation with weight 3 (Cld42+Pr6x3; 60 bins), 4) Cloud+Precipitation with weight 7 (Cld42+Pr6x7; 84 bins; equal weight). Reference Jin et al. (2020; JAMC, submitted)
The soil microbiome contributes to the adaptation of grassland plant species to increasingly persistent precipitation regimes by inducing transcriptomic, metabolic, and structural changes: Extra Data
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Cloud-Precipitation Hybrid Regimes (MODIS-IMERG) in 15S-15N
Cloud-Precipitation Hybrid Regimes with MODIS C6.1 2D joint histogram of CTP and COT (total 42 bins) and IMERG v06B precipitation histogram (total 6 bins) derived in 15S-15N domain. There are 4 kinds of regime sets: 1) Cloud only (42bin), 2) Cloud+Precipitation with weight 1 (Cld42+Pr6x1), 3) Cloud+Precipitation with weight 3 (Cld42+Pr6x3), 4) Cloud+Precipitation with weight 7 (Cld42+Pr6x7; equal weight). File list: - MODIS_t+a_cld_hist_15S-15N_CR_set.Cld42.nc - MODIS_t+a_cld+pr6x1_hist_15S-15N_CPR_set.Cld42+Pr6x1.nc - MODIS_t+a_cld+pr6x3_hist_15S-15N_CPR_set.Cld42+Pr6x3.nc - MODIS_t+a_cld+pr6x7_hist_15S-15N_CPR_set.Cld42+Pr6x7.nc - MODIS_t+a_cld+pr6x7_hist_15S-15N_CPR_projected2IMERGdomain.Cld42+Pr6x7.nc
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