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26 results for “Predator management”
Data from: Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
<p>Here, we provide raw abundance data from a small-scale case study on the effects of management intensity on ground-dwelling macro-invertebrate communities in extensively and intensively managed hay meadows in South Tyrol, Italy. The fauna was sampled with the pitfall trap methods in two seasons (autumn 2018 and spring 2019). The predatory groups Araneae, Opiliones, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, and Formicidae were identified to species level, the rest – where possible – to family level.</p> <p>The data can be found as absolute numbers (i.e., individuals per pitfall trap) and as standardised numbers (i.e., individuals per sampling day). Additionally, we provide ecological species traits on rarity (for the area of South Tyrol), moisture requirements and ecological tolerance, as well as the Red List statuses.</p>
Managing multiple threats: Evaluating the efficacy of broad-scale introduced predator management in improving native mammal resilience to fire
<p>Preventing further biodiversity loss requires understanding which processes threaten biodiversity and the effectiveness of management actions in mitigating them. Threatening processes can interact in complex and unexpected ways, but different threats are often managed independently. Here, we develop a conceptual model to identify the conditions needed for management of a single threat to achieve a net conservation benefit in systems with multiple interacting threats, and demonstrate its relevance in a replicated case-study experiment. In Australia, introduced red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) and feral cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) may hunt vulnerable native mammals more effectively after fire, due to loss of understory vegetation. However, the efficacy of broad-scale control of introduced predators in improving native mammal resilience to fire has not been quantified. Moreover, many studies assessing the impacts of prescribed fire on species rely on a much smaller number of independent replicates. Using a natural before-after control-impact experiment with 14 prescribed fires, each > 200 ha, we tested whether existing landscape-scale fox baiting programs influenced the immediate effects of prescribed fire on these two introduced predators and five medium-sized native mammals, including the threatened long-nosed potoroo (<em>Potorous tridactylus</em>) and southern brown bandicoot (<em>Isoodon obesulus</em>). Fox occupancy increased across both treatments post-fire, but baiting reduced the magnitude of increase. In contrast, mean feral cat occupancy remained constant in unbaited areas post-fire, but nearly doubled in fox-controlled areas, possibly due to a mesopredator release. Existing landscape-scale fox control programs did not clearly improve the short-term resilience of native mammals to prescribed fire (at least under the current fire and fox management regimes in our study landscapes). These results likely emphasise the need to integrate fire and predator management strategies for threatened faunal conservation iIn the presence of acute disturbances such as fire, threatened native mammals may require more intensive and integrated management of fire and introduced predators, such as (e.g., through more intensive targeted predator controlbaiting around fire events, or intensive protection usingthrough natural or artificial refuges).</p>
Figure 5 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 5. Proportions and χ2-test results for the ecological species traits moisture, rarity and ecological tolerance of ground-dwelling predatory arthropods (Arachnida, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae) from extensively and intensively managed hay meadows in South Tyrol, Italy.
Figure 4 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 4. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of the full species community of predatory invertebrates, including the two treatments (intensive and extensive) and the two seasons (spring and autumn). Each spot represents one pitfall trap. Spider web centres represent the weighted centroids of each management type.
Figure 3 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 3. Abundance based accumulation curves for predatory arthropods based on Hill numbers N0 and N1 confronting extensively and intensively used montane hay meadows in South Tyrol, Italy.
Figure 2 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 2. The mean (and 95 % confidence interval) activity density (individuals per sampling day), species richness, and exponential Shannon diversity of ground-dwelling predatory arthropods from montane extensively and intensively used hay meadows and two sampling seasons (spring and autumn) in South Tyrol, Italy. No significant effect of management was detected for any biodiversity index.
Figure 1 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 1. Maps of the distribution of the six selected hay meadows (EH = extensively used hay meadows; IH = intensively used hay meadows) located in Barbian/Barbiano in the Autonomous Province South Tyrol, Italy.
The decline of ground-nesting birds in Europe: do we need to manage predation in addition to habitat?
<p>Bird populations are declining globally with losses recorded in many European breeding birds. Habitat management measures have not resulted in a widespread reversal of these declines. We analysed national bird population trends from ten European countries (France, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK) in relation to the species' nesting strategy ('ground-nesting' or 'other'), Annex I designation ('designated' or 'not designated') and association with agricultural habitats for breeding ('associated' or 'not associated'). For each country in our dataset, we also defined the following factors: farming intensity; predator community complexity; and predator control effort. Our results showed additive effects of nesting strategy, designation, and breeding habitats on the likelihood of population decline. Ground-nesting birds were 86% more likely to decline than birds with other nesting strategies. Annex I designated species of the Birds Directive were 50% less likely to decline than non-designated birds. Birds breeding primarily in agricultural habitats were more likely to decline than birds breeding in other habitats, interactively with farming intensity. Homogenous trends across Europe (i.e., trends in two or more countries that were either not declining in all countries or declining in all countries) indicate that the probability of population decline was related to nesting strategy and breeding habitat, with ground-nesting birds being 15.6 times more likely than other birds to have a declining trend across Europe, and birds nesting in agricultural habitat being 17.8 times more likely than birds nesting in other habitats to have a declining trend across Europe. Our results highlight a widespread challenge, therefore widespread instruments (e.g. legislation, economic policies, agri-environment schemes) will be required to reserve these declines. Ground-nesting species requirements can be complex and multiple strategies will be needed to restore populations including the development of predation management tools.</p>
Data from: The role of predation, forestry and productivity in moose harvest at different spatial levels of management units
<p>Management of ungulate populations to the desired density and/or demographic composition are challenged by contrasting aims of different stakeholders. For example, hunters may want to maximize hunting opportunities whereas commercial forest owners may want to minimize moose densities to mitigate browsing damage. In addition, the return of large predators such as wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) affects the possible harvest yield of ungulates and influences the population composition through their selection of specific age classes. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of factors related to the variation in moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) harvest. We used moose harvest statistics from the period 2012-2020, wolf annual monitoring data, annual brown bear (<em>Ursus arctos</em>) density, proportion of young forest per management unit, and proportion of agricultural land per management unit (index for productivity and roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>) density) to explain variation in moose harvest across different management units at two spatial levels in two bordering countries, Sweden and Norway. The results showed variable responses in total harvest to changes in wolf territory density both at the regional and local management level. The proportion of young forest was correlated with both increased total harvest and proportion of calves. Increased proportion of agricultural land was linked to both increased total harvest and proportion of calves, likely due to that increased roe deer densities re-directed wolf predation from moose to roe deer, and an inverse relationship with brown bear density. Differences between countries may be due to differences in the management regime of moose, both in an historical and present perspective. Improved monitoring for individual hunting areas over time will be important for both the understanding of how different ungulate populations are affected by various factors and for the desired management of wildlife populations shared across borders.</p>
Data from: Perspectives of New York State residents to deer management, hunting, and predator reintroductions
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Data from: The role of predation, forestry and productivity in moose harvest at different spatial levels of management units
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Data from: Act for the best, prepare for the worst: Defining strategic mesopredator management triggers that safeguard apex predator eradication benefits
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Optimising fire and predator management for conservation
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The decline of ground-nesting birds in Europe: do we need to manage predation in addition to habitat?
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Molecular gut content analysis indicates the inter- and intra-guild predation patterns of spiders in conventionally managed vegetable fields
<p>Inter- and intra-guild interactions are important in the coexistence of predators and their prey, especially in highly disturbed vegetable cropping systems with sporadic food resources. Assessing the dietary range of a predator taxon characterized by diverse foraging behavior using conventional approaches, such as visual observation and conventional molecular approaches for prey detection, has serious logistical problems.<i> </i>In this study, we investigated the trophic interactions of a functionally diverge group of predators -spiders- to accomplish the ultimate goal that is the predation of spiders on major crop pests. We used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and biotic interaction networks to precisely annotate the predation spectrum and highlight the predator–predator and predator-prey interactions in Brassica fields. The prey taxa in the gut of spiders were mainly enriched with insects (including dipterans, coleopterans, orthopterans, hemipterans and lepidopterans) and arachnids (such as Araneae) along with a wide range of other prey factions. Despite the generalist foraging behavior of spiders, the community structure analysis and interaction networks highlighted the overrepresentation of particular prey taxa in the gut of each spider family, as well as showed the intra-family predation between different spiders. Identifying the diverse trophic niche proportions underpins the importance of spiders as predators of pests in highly disturbed agroecosystems. More specifically, combining HTS with advanced ecological community analysis reveals the preferences and biological control potential of particular spider taxa, so provides a valuable evidence base for targeted conservation biological control efforts in complex trophic networks.</p>
Molecular gut content analysis indicates the inter- and intra-guild predation patterns of spiders in conventionally managed vegetable fields
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Data from: Managing individual nests promotes population recovery of a top predator
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Data from: Population dynamics and threats to an apex predator outside protected areas: implications for carnivore management
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Data from: Upland rush management advocated by agri-environment schemes increases predation of artificial wader nests
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Understanding diverse approaches to predator management among gamekeepers in England
<p>Extended quotation excerpts of transcripts from interviews with gamekeepers, supporting the analysis in Swan et al. (2020) Understanding diverse approaches to predator management among gamekeepers in England. <em>People and Nature. </em>Complete transcripts remain confidential, as this was a condition upon which informed consent was obtained.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.