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12 results for “Predator-prey relationships”
Data from: Urbanization and primary productivity mediate the predator-prey relationship between deer and coyotes
<p>Predator-prey interactions are important to regulating populations and structuring communities but are affected by many dynamic, complex factors, across larges-scales, making them difficult to study. Integrated population models (IPMs) offer a potential solution to understanding predator-prey relationships by providing a framework for leveraging many different datasets and testing hypotheses about interactive factors. Here, we evaluate the coyote-deer (<em>Canis latrans</em> – <em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) predator-prey relationship across the state of North Carolina (NC). Because both species have similar habitat requirements and may respond to human disturbance, we considered net primary productivity (NPP) and urbanization as key mediating factors. We estimated deer survival and fecundity by integrating camera trap, harvest, biological and hunter observation datasets into a two-stage, two-sex Lefkovich population projection matrix. We allowed survival and fecundity to vary as functions of urbanization, NPP and coyote density and projected abundance forward to test eight hypothetical scenarios. We estimated initial average deer and coyote densities to be 11.83 (95% CI: 5.64, 20.80) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.02, 1.45) individuals/km<sup>2</sup>, respectively. We found a negative relationship between current levels of coyote density and deer fecundity in most areas which became more negative under hypothetical conditions of lower NPP or higher urbanization, leading to lower projected deer abundances. These results suggest that coyotes could have stronger effects on deer populations in NC if their densities rise, but primarily in less productive and/or more suburban habitats. Our case study provides an example of how IPMs can be used to better understand the complex relationships between predator and prey under changing environmental conditions.</p>
Time to independence and predator-prey relationships of wild-born, captive-raised cheetahs released into private reserves in Namibia
<p><strong>Data associated with the manuscript:</strong></p> <p>Marker, L., Schmidt-Küntzel, A., Walker, E. H., Nghikembua, M., Cristescu, B. Time to independence and predator-prey relationships of wild-born, captive-raised cheetahs released into private reserves in Namibia. Ecological Solutions and Evidence.</p> <p><strong>Contact:</strong></p> <p>Dr. Bogdan Cristescu</p> <p>bogdan@cheetah.org</p> <p><strong>Description:</strong></p> <p>This manuscript estimated the time to independence and cheetah-prey relationships for cheetahs released onto three private reserves in Namibia. The cheetahs were rescued as wild-born cubs, were raised in captivity and went through a rehabilitation process at the Cheetah Conservation Fund, Namibia, and then released with collars to monitor their success post-release in the wild.</p> <p>The data is a MS Excel file that includes separate spreadsheets for:</p> <p>- Time to independence ("TimeToIndependence"): number of weekly supplemental feedings of cheetahs post-release before achieving independence</p> <p>- Prey composition ("PreyComposition"): the species, sex, age class, and size class of prey that cheetahs killed and were recorded during monitoring post-release </p> <p>- Prey availability ("PreyAvailability"): the prey species recorded along driven dirt road transects, and which were used to estimate prey density in a distance sampling framework </p> <p>- Habitat use ("HabitatUse"): the number of kills made by released cheetahs that have associated habitat class information, partitioned by chetah reproductive status (SF: solitary female, CF: coalition females, CM: coalition males) </p>
Data from: Urbanization and primary productivity mediate the predator-prey relationship between deer and coyotes
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Figure 1 in Predatory habits of the grasshopper-hunting wasp Stizus continuus (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): diet preference, predator-prey size relationships and foraging capacity
Figure 1. Relationship between the maximum theoretically possible load and the prey weight in 2008. Note: The thin line refers to the actual data, while the bold line is the theoretical data when prey weight = maximum load.
Data from: Disentangling mite predator-prey relationships by multiplex PCR
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Data from: A trait-based framework for understanding predator-prey relationships: trait matching between a specialist snake and its insect prey
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Data from: Predator-prey trophic relationships in response to organic management practices
A broad range of environmental conditions likely regulate predator-prey population dynamics and impact the structure of these communities. Central to understanding the interplay between predator and prey populations and their importance is characterizing the corresponding trophic interactions. Here we use a well-documented molecular approach to examine the structure of the community of natural enemies preying upon the squash bug, Anasa tristis, a herbivorous cucurbit pest that severely hinders organic squash and pumpkin production in the United States. Primer pairs were designed to examine the effects of organic management practices on the strength of these trophic connections and link this metric to measures of the arthropod predator complex density and diversity within an experimental open-field context. Replicated plots of butternut squash were randomly assigned to three treatments and were sampled throughout a growing season. Row-covers treatments had significant negative effects on squash bug and predator communities. In total, 640 predators were tested for squash bug molecular gut-content, of which 11% were found to have preyed on squash bugs, but predation varied over the season between predator groups (coccinellids, geocorids, nabids, web-building spiders and hunting spiders). Through the linking of molecular gut-content analysis to changes in diversity and abundance, these data delineate the complexity of interaction pathways on a pest that limits the profitability of organic squash production.
Figure 4 from: Costa BG, Pellegrini TG, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2017) Notes on predator-prey relationships among Tanypodinae larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) and mites (Acariformes) in Brazilian subterranean aquatic environments. Subterranean Biology 22: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.22.13925
Figure 4 - A General view of gut contents from a specimen of Tanypodinae (Chironomidae), where the arrow shows an specimen of Tyrophagus sp. (Acariformes: Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) among alimentary items B Detail view of the partially digested Tyrophagus sp. C Detail of specimen already partially digested which possibly belongs to the family Frontipodopsidae (Acariformes: Trombidiformes).
Figure 3 from: Costa BG, Pellegrini TG, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2017) Notes on predator-prey relationships among Tanypodinae larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) and mites (Acariformes) in Brazilian subterranean aquatic environments. Subterranean Biology 22: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.22.13925
Figure 3 - A–C Teratopiidae (Acariformes: Sarcoptiformes) found in gut contents of four specimens of Tanypodinae (Chironomidae).
Figure 2 from: Costa BG, Pellegrini TG, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2017) Notes on predator-prey relationships among Tanypodinae larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) and mites (Acariformes) in Brazilian subterranean aquatic environments. Subterranean Biology 22: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.22.13925
Figure 2 - Mites found in gut contents of four specimens of Tanypodinae (Chironomidae). A Two examples of Limnesiidae larvae (Acariformes: Trombidiformes), probably belonging to the genus Limnesia B–D partially digested mites, probably Hydrachnidia.
Data from: Predator-prey trophic relationships in response to organic management practices
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Figure 1 from: Costa BG, Pellegrini TG, Bernardi LFO, Ferreira RL (2017) Notes on predator-prey relationships among Tanypodinae larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) and mites (Acariformes) in Brazilian subterranean aquatic environments. Subterranean Biology 22: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.22.13925
Figure 1 - Tanypodinae preying on mites at each studied cave.
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