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8 results for “Pristionchus pacificus”
Adaptation to environmental temperature in divergent clades of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus
<p><span>Because of ongoing climate change, populations of organisms are being subjected to stressful temperatures more often. This is especially problematic for ectothermic organisms, which are likely to be more sensitive to changes in temperature. Therefore, we need to know if ectotherms have adapted to environmental temperature and, if so, what are the evolutionary mechanisms behind such adaptation. Here, we use the nematode <em>Pristionchus pacificus</em> as a case study to investigate thermal adaptation on the Indian Ocean island of La Réunion, which experiences a range of temperatures from coast to summit. We study the evolution of high temperature tolerance by constructing a phylogenetic tree of strains collected from many different thermal niches. We show that populations of <em>P. pacificus</em> at low altitudes have higher fertility at warmer temperatures. Most likely, this phenotype has arisen recently and at least twice independently, consistent with parallel evolution. We also studied low temperature tolerance and showed that populations from high altitudes have increased their fertility at cooler temperatures. </span><span>Together, these data indicate that <em>P. pacificus</em> strains on La Réunion are subject to divergent selection, adapting to hot and cold niches at the coast and summit of the volcano.</span><span> </span><span>Precisely defining these thermal niches provides essential information for models that predict the impact of future climate change on these populations.</span></p>
Adaptation to environmental temperature in divergent clades of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus
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Data from: Landscape and oceanic barriers shape dispersal and population structure in the island nematode, Pristionchus pacificus
Despite the biological importance and diversity of nematodes, little is known of the factors influencing their dispersal and shaping their evolutionary history. Populations of the cosmopolitan species Pristionchus pacificus are characterized by high genetic diversity and strong spatial structure, which contrasts with patterns detected in nematode species such as Caenorhabditis elegans. The environmentally heterogeneous volcanic Mascarene Islands provide an ideal setting for investigating fine-scale patterns of nematode migration and gene flow. Based on the analysis of data from 19 nuclear microsatellites and one mitochondrial marker, we infer support for the colonization of both La Réunion Island and Mauritius from similar multiple geographical sources. Although the long-term persistence of populations on both islands is well supported, the historical colonization of one island from the other cannot be discounted. In fact, periodic, bi-directional migration between the islands following their initial colonization is strongly supported in isolation with migration analyses, supporting the occurrence of rare trans-oceanic dispersal events in P. pacificus. Through a combination of population and landscape genetic analyses we also infer non-uniform dispersal across the landscape on the island of La Réunion, probably mediated by the movements of beetle hosts. Collectively, we show that gene flow in P. pacificus is limited by environmental and oceanic barriers, and shaped by the intricacies of the nematode–beetle host interaction
Comparative reconstruction of the predatory feeding structures of the polyphenic nematode Pristionchus pacificus
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span>Pristionchus pacificus</span></em><span> is a nematode model for the developmental genetics of morphological polyphenism, especially at the level of individual cells. Morphological polyphenism in this species includes an evolutionary novelty, moveable teeth, which have enabled predatory feeding in this species and others in its family (Diplogastridae). From transmission electron micrographs of serial thin sections through an adult hermaphrodite of <em>P. pacificus</em>, we three-dimensionally reconstructed all epithelial and myoepithelial cells and syncytia, corresponding to 74 nuclei, of its face, mouth, and pharynx. We found that the epithelia that produce the predatory morphology of <em>P. pacificus</em> are identical to <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> in the number of cell classes and nuclei. However, differences in cell form, spatial relationships, and nucleus position correlate with gross morphological differences from <em>C. elegans</em> and outgroups. Moreover, we identified fine-structural features</span><span>, especially in the anteriormost pharyngeal muscles, that underlie the conspicuous, left-right asymmetry that characterizes the <em>P. pacificus </em>feeding apparatus. Our reconstruction provides an anatomical map for studying the genetics of polyphenism, feeding behavior, and the development of novel form in a satellite model to <em>C. elegans</em>.</span></p>
Data from: Landscape and oceanic barriers shape dispersal and population structure in the island nematode, Pristionchus pacificus
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Data from: Multi-locus analysis of Pristionchus pacificus on La Réunion Island reveals an evolutionary history shaped by multiple introductions, constrained dispersal events, and rare out-crossing
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Comparative reconstruction of the predatory feeding structures of the polyphenic nematode Pristionchus pacificus
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Pristionchus pacificus and Caenorhabditis elegans: Dauer and Dauer exit versus mix-stage comparisons
GEO Series GSE36644. Pristionchus pacificus; Caenorhabditis elegans. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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